Urinary

The nurse has instructed a patient who is receiving hemodialysis about dietary management. Which diet choices by the patient indicate that the teaching has been successful?

Split pea soup, whole wheat toast, and nonfat milk

The nurse is reviewing the health history of a patient suspected of having renal calculi. What factors in the patients history increase the patient's risk for developing this condition?

Stasis of urine caused by obstruction. Infections of urinary tract. Immobility

Results from the pressure on the bladder sphincter by events such as sneezing or heavy lifting. →

Stress incontience

This occur because of weakened musculature in the bladder. →

retention

formation of urinary calculi. →

urolothiasis

urinary output of less than 100mL/day →

anuria

decrease strength or energy. →

asthenia

is a tightly bound network of capillaries called glomeruli. →

renal corpuscle

the amount of urine left in the bladder after urination. →

residual urine

Oxybutynin chloride is prescribed for a client with neurogenic bladder. Which sign would indicate a possible toxic effect related to this medication?

restlessness

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole is prescribed for a client. The nurse should instruct the client to report which symptom if it developed during the course of this medication therapy?

sore throat

is the terminal portion of the urinary system and is shorter in women. →

urethra

describes normal and abnormal constituents in the urine and possible factors that influence test results. →

urinalysis

Obstruction at any point within the urinary tract can adversely affect function and alter structure. →

urinary obstruction

is the inability to void even with an urge to void. →

urinary rention

Bethanechol chloride is prescribed for a client with urinary retention. Which disorder should be a contraindication to the administration of this medication?

urinary strictures

When caring for a patient with hydronephrosis, what would be the most appropriate nursing interventions?

Assessment and management of pain Strict intake and output recording Observing for signs and symptoms of infection

The nurse is reviewing the culture and sensitivity reports for a patient being treated for pyelponephritis. What pathogen will most likely be identified as the infecting agent?

Escherichia coli

What is the primary function of the kidney?

Filtration of water and blood products

is used for patients with acute or irreversible renal failure and fluid and electrolyte imbalances. →

Hemodialsis

excessive urination at night →

nocturia

is an inflammation of the wall of the urinary bladder. →

Cystitis

A client, who receives hemodialysis three times a week, has been placed on a fluid restriction of 1000 mL/day. What is the nurse's best action when the client is seen drinking a 12 ounce (360 mL) soft drink?

4. Reinforce the importance of the fluid restriction with the client.

of water and blood products occurs in the glomerulus of Bowman's capsule. →

Filtration

used to determine the kidney's ability to rid the blood of nonprotein nitrogenous waste and urea, which result from protein breakdown. →

Blood urea nitrogen

The nurse is monitoring an older client suspected of having a urinary tract infection (UTI) for signs of infection. Which sign/symptom is likely to present first?

Confusion

bladder capacity may be exceeded and the urine may overflow, causing →

Incontinence

are round, fluid sacs on the kidneys. →

Renal cysts

What are the correct patient teaching for a patient with cystitis?

Teach the female patient to cleanse the perineal area from anterior to posterior to prevent rectal E. coli contamination to urethra. Encourage the patient to drink 2000 mL of fluid per day unless contraindicated. Instruct the patient to void as soon as possible after sexual intercourse.

Which statement is true regarding the anatomy and physiology of the renal system?

The three phases of urine formation are filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

leading to excretion of electrolytes and water. →

Thiazide diuretics

allowing a microwave antenna to be positioned within the prostate; there it heats and destroys hyperplastic prostate tissue. →

Transurethral microwave thermotherapy

is a narrowing of the lumen of the urethra that interferes with urine flow. →

Urethral strictures

inflammation of the urethra, is classified by the presence or absence of gonorrhea. →

Urethritis

Several types of procedures are used to divert the flow of urine when required for treatment of bladder cancer. →

Urinary Diversion

The LPN/LVN is reading over the nursing care plan for a newly admitted female patient. One patient problem written is impaired urinary elimination. The LPN/LVN is not certain exactly what that means, but upon further reading of the care plan, discovers nursing interventions listed as including remind patient to perform Kegel exercises four times per shift and assist patient to toilet every 2 hours. Considering the care plan information, what is the patient most likely experiencing?

Urinary incontinence

A sulfonamide is prescribed for a client with a UTI. During review of the clients record, the nurse notes that the client is taking warfarin sodium daily. Which prescription should the nurse anticipate for this client?

a decrease in the warfarin sodium dosage

sugar in the urine →

glycosuria

of water, glucose, and necessary ions back into the blood occurs in the proximal convoluted tubules, Henle's loop, and the distal convoluted tubules. →

Reabsorption

that tighten the muscles of the perineal floor. →

Kegel exercise

A transrectal ultrasound is done to look at which structure?

Prostate

has severe generalized edema. →

anasarca

A patient diagnosed with ESRD is treated with conservative management, including erythropoietin injections. After teaching the patient about management of ESRD, the nurse determines the teaching has been effective when the patient makes which statement?

"I will measure my urinary output each day to help calculate the amount i can drink"

The nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has been prescribed peritoneal dialysis. What statement by the client indicates to the nurse that teaching was successful?

"I will notify my primary healthcare provider if the peritoneal drainage is cloudy."

What statement by a patient indicates the need for further teaching before renal angiography?

"I'm glad i don't have to stay in bed after the test"

The health care provider has talked to a patient and his wife about the treatment plan for his bladder cancer. Later, the patient tells the nurse he does not understand what the health care provider is going to do. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

"Tell me what you know about the treatment"

Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium) Has been prescribed for a patient. What information should be provided to this patient about this medication?

"This medication will result in experiencing reduced bladder discomfort" "The urine will have an orange hue as a result of this medication"

When scheduling the administration of furosemide (Lasix), it would be in the patients best interest to schedule the medication to be given what time?

09:00

The nurse is caring for a patient with acute renal failure (oliguric phase). What would the nurse expect to assess on a patient with this diagnosis?

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and decreased urine output

causes the cells of the distal convoluted tubules to increase their rate of water reabsorption. →

ADH

The streptococci infection disease process triggers an immune response that results in inflammation of glomeruli that allows excretion of red blood cells and protein in the urine. →

Acute glomerulonephritis

A client with chronic kidney disease has been on dialysis for 3 years. The client is receiving the usual combination of medications for the disease, including aluminum hydroxide as a phosphate-binding agent. The client now has mental cloudiness, dementia, and complains of bone pain. Which do these data indicate?

Aluminum intoxication

Which factor will most likely promote patient compliance with the prescribed treatment plan?

An active role in the planning

The collection of subjective and objective data for a patient with acute gloerulonephritis could include which symptoms?

Anorexia Headaches

Which problem constitutes a medical emergency?

Anuria

develops as excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds build up in the blood. →

Azotemia

After a renal biopsy, the client complains of pain at the biopsy site that radiates to the front of the abdomen. Which would this indicate?

Bleeding

What clinical findings in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure will be noted?

BUN levels rise Urinary output decreases

Following kidney transplantation, cyclosporine (Sandimmune) is prescribed for a client. Which laboratory result would indicate an adverse effect from the use of this medication?

BUN of 25

In discussing dietary needs with a patient with ESRD, the nurse indicates that potassium rich foods should be limited in the diet. Which foods should be limited?

Baked potatoes, Bananas, Apricots

The nurse is caring for this client with epididymitis. Which treatment modalities would be implemented?

Bed rest Sitz bath Antiboiotics Scrotal elevation

enlargement of the prostate gland. →

Benign prostatic Hypertrophy

The_______ is the most common site of cancer in the urinary tract. →

Bladder

A client with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) undergoes a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and is receiving continuous bladder irrigations postoperatively. Which are the signs/symptoms of transurethral resection (TUR) syndrome?

Bradycardia and confusion

The nurse monitoring a client receiving peritoneal dialysis notes that the client's outflow is less than the inflow. The nurse should take which actions? Select all that apply.

Check the level of the drainage bag. Reposition the client to his or her side. Place the client in good body alignment. Check the peritoneal dialysis system for kinks.

A client has epididymitis as a complication of urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse is giving the client instructions to prevent a recurrence. The nurse determines that the client needs further instruction if the client states the intention to:

Continue to take antibiotics until all symptoms are gone

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client with a diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Which health problem noted on the client's record would the nurse identify as a risk factor for this diagnosis?

Diabetes mellitus

The client who has a cold is seen in the ER with an inability to void. Because the client has a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia, the nurse determines that the client needs to be questioned about the use of which class of medications?

Decongestants

The nurse is collecting data from a client who has had benign prostastic hyperplasia (BPH) in the past. To determine whether the client is currently experiencing exacerbation of BPH, the nurse would ask the client about the presence of which early symptom?

Decreased force in the stream of urine

A client is scheduled for intravenous pyelography (IVP). Which priority nursing action should the nurse take?

Determine if there is a history of allergies.

The most common cause of renal failure is:

Diabetes mellitus

blood chemistry levels begin to return to normal and urinary output increases to 1 to 2 L/24 hour. →

Diuretic phase

enhance urinary output by increasing the filtration of sodium, chloride, and water at various sites in the kidney. →

Diuretics

The nurse preforms a catheterization immediately after, the patient voids and obtains 30 ml of residual urine. What action should be take next?

Document the procedure with outcome data

A male client has a tentative diagnosis of urethritis. The nurse collects data from the client knowing that which are signs/symptoms of this disorder?

Dysuria and penile discharge

The nurse is reviewing the client's record and notes that the primary health care provider (PHCP) has documented that the client has a renal disorder. Which laboratory results would indicate a decrease in renal function?

Elevated serum creatinine level. Decreased red blood cell (RBC) count Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level Decreased hemoglobin level

The nurse making rounds discovers that there is no urine drainage from a postoperative patient's Foley catheter. What action by the nurse should be performed first?

Ensure patency

Which goal would have priority in planning care of the aging patient with urinary incontinence?

Episodes of incontinence decrease

The nurse is instructing a client with diabetes mellitus about peritoneal dialysis. The nurse tells the client that it is important to maintain the prescribed dwell time for the dialysis because of the risk of which complication?

Hyperglycemia

The nurse is admitting a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to the nursing unit. The nurse monitors the client for which frequent cardiovascular sign that occurs in CKD?

Hypertension

Which medication prescription should the nurse question for a client diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome?

Ibuprofen

is a chronic pelvic pain disorder with recurring discomfort or pain in the urinary bladder and surrounding region. →

Interstital cystitis

evaluates structures of the urinary tract system, filling of the renal pelvis with urine, and transport of urine via the ureters to the bladder. →

Intraveous Pyelography/urography

act primarily in the ascending loop of Henle to inhibit tubular reabsorption of sodium and chloride. →

Loop or high-ceiling diuretics

When calculating actual urinary output during continuous bladder irrigation's, the nurse would:

Measure the total output and deduct the amount of irrigation solution used.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking digoxin once a day for treatment of congestive heart failure. He now has a new order to begin taking spironolactone (Aldactone). Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this patient?

Monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity.

Careful preparation of a patient for an IVP is necessary. What nursing interventions would be included in the preparation?

NPO for about 8 hours before examination. Giving prescribed bowel prep. Instructing patient concerning IVP.

the glomeruli become damaged due to inflammation, so that small proteins, such as albumins, immunoglobulins, and antithrombin, can pass through the kidneys into the urine. →

Nephrotic syndrome

means the loss of voluntary voiding control, resulting in urinary retention or incontinence. →

Neurogenic bladder

The priority short term goal for disorders of the urinary system is:

Normal patterns of urinary elimination

The nursing instructor would share with students which statement(s) regarding the effects of aging on the renal system?

Older women are at risk for stress incontinence because of weakened pelvic musculature. Older men are at risk for urinary retention because of prostatic hypertrophy. Urinary tract infections in older adults are often associated with diabetes, neurologic disorders, and procedures (e.g., catheterization).

BUN and serum creatinine levels rise while the urinary output decreases to less than 400 mL / 24 hours. →

Oliguric phase

Repeated inability to fully empty the bladder results in a full bladder leaks out unexpectedly. →

Overflow incontinence

A hemodialysis client with a left arm fistula is at risk for arterial steal syndrome. The nurse monitors this client for which S/S of this disorder?

Pallor, diminished pulse, and pain in the left hand

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results and physical examination of a client with acute glomerulonephritis. Which data would the nurse see?

Periorbital edema Hematuria Proteinuria

act on the distal convoluted tubule to inhibit sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. →

Potassium-sparing diuretics

As the nurse reviews a diet plan with a patient with diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency, the patient states that with diabetes and renal failure there is nothing good to eat. The patient says "I am going to eat what i want; I'm going to die anyways!" What is the best patient problem statement for this patient?

Potential for Noncompliance or Nonconformity, related to feelings of anger

as inflammation and / or infection of the prostate gland. →

Prostatitis

pain in the prostate gland. →

Prostatodynia

The nursing care plan includes teaching a patient kegel exercises. The nurse teaches the patient to alternately tighten and relax which group of muscles?

Pubococcygeal

The nurse is caring for a patient who has just had a renal angiography performed. What is the priority assessment?

Puncture site

The nurse is admitting a patient to the unit who has been diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). The patient is acutely ill, with a temperature of 102.5°F and chills. She is grabbing her left side and complaining of severe pain. The urine specimen appears concentrated with a cloudy appearance and the nurse knows that this symptom is most associated with what type of UTI?

Pyelonephritis

is an inflammation of the structures of the kidney-- the renal pelvis, renal tubules, and interstitial tissue. →

Pyelonephritis

The kidney function return to normal or nearly normal function occurs in →

Recovery phase

The nurse is reviewing the urinalysis reports an assigned patient. The nurse recognizes which findings to be normal?

Red blood cells, 15 to 20 White blood cells, 1 to 3

What is the goal for peritoneal dialysis?

Removal of toxins and metabolic waste

is characterized by the kidneys' inability to remove wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve or eliminate electrolytes. →

Renal Failure

The nurse is performing patient teaching for a patient who has urolithiasis. This patient has been determined to be a calcium stone former. What current research recommendation will the nurse base the answers to the patient s dietary questions?

Restricted animal protein

Which activity would be most harmful for the incontinent patient?

Restricting fluid intake

of certain ions, nitrogenous waste products, and drugs occurs primarily in the distal convoluted tubule. →

Secretion

What blood test is done to evaluate for impaired renal function, which is affected very little by dehydration, malnutrition, or hepatic function?

Serum creatinine

is caused by the multiplication of microorganisms in any urinary system structure. →

Urinary tract infections (UTI)

The nurse is caring for a patient during post op period after an arteriovenous shunt has been placed. What is the most important action to be taken?

Use strict surgical asespsis for dressing changes.

A client with prostatitis resulting from kidney infection has received instructions on management of the condition at home and prevention of recurrence. Which statement indicates that the client understood the instructions?

Use warm sitz baths and analgesics to increase comfort.

Phenazopyridine hydrochloride is prescribed for a client for symptomatic relief of pain resulting from a lower UTI. Which should the nurse reinforce to the client?

a reddish-orange discoloration of the urine may occur

The nurse who is administering bethanechol chloride is monitoring for acute toxicity associated medication. The nurse should check for which sign of toxicity?

bradycardia

As _____________ break down, nitrogenous waste---urea, ammonia, and creatinine is produced. →

proteins

act at the distal convoluted tubule to impair sodium and chloride

reabsorption

A client with chronic kidney disease is receiving epoetin alfa. Which laboratory result would indicate a therapeutic effect of the medication?

hematocrit of 33%

erythrocytes in the urine →

hematuria

the ureters are implanted into a loop of the ileum that is isolated and brought to the surface of the abdominal wall. →

ileal conduit

This condition is seen with diabetes mellitus, starvation, or any other metabolic condition in which fats are rapidly catabolized. →

ketone bodies

The adrenal glands sit near the top of each →

kidney

The nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions to a client receiving sulfadiazine. Which should be included in the list of instructions?

maintain a high fluid intake

Foods that are allowed on an acid-ash diet include

meat, fish, shellfish, cheese, eggs, poultry, grains, cranberries, prunes, plums, corn, lentils, and foods with high amounts of chlorine, phosphorus, and sulfur

is a disorder characterized by marked proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. →

nephrotic syndrome

The kidneys lie behind the →

perietal peritoneunm

is an organ-specific glycoprotein produced by normal prostatic tissue. →

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)