Urinary System CH24
A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. this may be due to a. dilation of the afferent arterioles b. absence of ADH c. hematuric oliguria d. overproduction of aldosterone e. excessive ADH secretion
b
Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the a. kidney b. rectum c. urinary bladder d. ureter e. urethra
b
In French, its "faire de pipi" in Spanish it's "hacer pipi", in English it's " I have to pee." Whats the medical term for this universal urge to pass urine a. mastication b. micturition c. degustation d. defecation e. filtration
b
The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the a. collecting loop b. nephron loop c. proximal convoluted tubule d. minor calyx e. distal convoluted tubule
b
A glomerulus is a. the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron b. the middle segment of the renal tubule c. a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle d. attached to the collecting duct e. the expanded end of a nephron
c
All of the following are true of the kidney except that they are a. surrounded by a fibrous capsule b. located in a position that is retroperitoneal c. located partly within the pelvic cavity d. covered by peritoneum e. held in place by the renal fascia
c
At which point is the osmotic concentration of filtrate highest a. as it enters the PCT b. as it leaves the glomerular capsule c. in the transition point between the descending and ascending limbs of the nephron loop d. as it enters the descending limb of the nephron loop e. as it blends with the tubular fluid in the DCT
c
An x-ray image of the urinary system is called a a. nephrograph b. pelvigram c. urogram d. pyelogram e. renogram
d
Antidiuretic hormone a. causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine b. is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood c. release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid d. increase the permeability of the collecting ducts to water e. is secreated by the anterior pituitary
d
Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the a. afferent arteriole b. vasa recta c. cortical radiate artery d. efferent arteriole e. renal vein
d
Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called a. columnar nephrons b. perimedullary nephrons c. calyces d. juxtamedullary nephrons e. cortical nephrons
d
Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except a. creatinine b. hydrogen ions c. uric acid d. urea e. proteins
e
The detrusor muscle a. functions as the internal urinary sphincter b. compresses the urinary bladder and expels urine through the urethra c. moves urine along the ureters by peristalsis d. surrounds the renal pelvis e. functions as the external urinary sphincter
b
The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the a. collecting tubule system b. renal corpuscle c. renal pyramid d. renal papilla e. nephron loop
b
The outermost layer of the kidney is the a. renal pelvis b. fibrous capsule c. major calyx d. renal cortex e. renal medulla
b
Urine passes in the order given, through which of the following structures? A. renal pelvis , urethra, bladder, ureter, collecting duct b. collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra c. renal pelvis, collecting duct, bladder, ureter, urethra d. collecting duct, ureter, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder e. collecting duct, renal pelvis, urethra, bladder, ureter
b
Which if the following is greater a. the concentration of solute in the filtrate as the beginning if the nephron loop b. the concentration of solute at the bottom of the nephron loop c. the concentration at the top and bottom are identical
b
Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system ? a. regulates blood volume b. excretes excess albumin molecules c. contributes to stabilizing blood pH d. eliminates organic wastes products e. regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes
b
_____ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine a. cortical b. juxtamedullary
b
If you have to urinate, but have to "hold it" until you can find a bathroom, what structure are you "holding" it with a. the internal anal sphincter b. the trigone c. the pyloric sphincter d. the internal urethral sphincter e. the external urethral sphincter
e
Renal columns are a. internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule b. conicle structures that are located in the renal medulla c. expanded ends of ureters d. the basic functional units of the kidney e. bundles of tissues that extend between pyramids from the cortex
e
The DCT secretes hydrogen ions in exchange for sodium ions by the process of a. cotransport b. active transport c. facilitated diffusion d. diffusion e. countertransport
e
The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the a. renal papilla b. fibrous capsule c. renal medulla d. renal sinus e. renal pelvis
e
The functional unit of the kidney is the a. calyx b. renal sinus c. collecting duct d. kidney lobe e. nephron
e
Eight - Five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ____ and have short nephron loops a. cortex b. fibrous capsule c. renal columns d. renal pelvis e. medulla
a
Regarding kidney function. in reabsorption, a. water and solutes are transported from the tubular fluid, across the tubular, epithelium, and into the peritubular fluid b. solutes enter the tubular fluid after exiting the peritubular fluid and crossing the tubular epithelium c. blood pressure forces water and solutes across the membranes of the glomerular capillaries and into the capsular space
a
The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is called the a. glomerular filtration rate b. filtration ratio c. autoregulation capacity d. corpuscular output e. net filtration pressure
a
The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the a. trigone b. ruga c. vasa recta d. lamina propria e. detrusor muscle
a
The inability to urinate is termed a. urinary retention b. dysuria c. oliguria d. urgency e. incontinence
a
The most abundant waste solute in urine is a. urea b. potassium c. uric acid d. creatine e. protein
a
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is a. reabsorbing nutrients b. secretion of acids and ammonia c. filtration d. secretion of drugs e. adjusting the urine volume
a
The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by _____ epithelium a. transitional b. simple columnar c. stratified squamous d. pseudostratified columnar e. simple cuboidal
a
Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called a. renal pyramids b. nephrons c. renal columns d. calyces e. renal pelvises
a
Urine is eliminated from the body through the a. urethra b. urinary bladder c. liver d. kidney e. ureter
a
as the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation? a. 99 b. 1 c. 63 d. 74 e. 38
a
During the micturition reflex , a. sympathetic motor neuron that control the detrusor muscle become active b. the internal sphincter is consciously relaxed c. stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the sacral cord d. All of the answers are correct e. none of the answers are correct
c
One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to a. decrease urinary albumin concentration b. increase filtration into glomerular (Bowmans) capsule c. increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex d. increase release of angiotension ll by the suprarenal glands e. decrease secretin if aldosterone
c
Substances larger than _____ do not pass through the filtration membrane. a. sodium ions b. amino acids c. albumin d. glucose e. urea
c
The condition called _____ is characterized by painful or difficult urination. This condition can be due to pathological or benign causes a. renal calculi b. urinary retention c. dysuria d. incontinence e. pyelonephritis
c
The filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the a. nephron loop b. distal convoluted tubule c. proximal convoluted tube d. minor calyx e. collecting duct
c
The inability of the kidney to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is termed a. polycystic kidney disease b. calculi c. renal failure d. hematuria e. glomerulonephritis
c
The left kidney lies _____ to the right kidney a. slightly ipsilateral b. slightly transverse c. slightly superior d. slightly inferior e. slightly posterior
c
The process of filtration occurs at the a. nephron loop b. proximal convoluted tubule c. glomerulus d. distal convoluted tubule e. collecting duct
c
Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following except a. active transport b. facilitated diffusion c. phagocytes d. osmosis e. secondary active transport
c
Typical renal blood flow is about _____ percent of cardiac output under resting conditions. a. 5 b. 10 c. 25 d. 40 e. 50
c
major calyces are a. expanded ends of nephrons b. conicle structures that are located in the renal medulla c. large tributaries of the renal pelvis d. the expanded ends of renal pyramids e. basic functional layers of the kidney
c
Peristaltic contractions. beginning at the renal pelvis, sweep along the ureter, forcing urine towards the urinary bladder. In a normal healthy person, how often do these contractions occur? a. once every minute b. every two minutes c. 12-15 times a minute d. every 30 seconds or so e. it is not known how often these contractions occur
d
The efferent arteriole of a nephron divides to form a network of capillaries within the cortex called the ____ capillaries. a. glomerular b. vase recta c. efferent d. paritubular e. cortical
d
The filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle consists of what three layers a. fenestrations, matrix, and foot processes b. podocyte filtration slits, matrix cells in the glomerulus, and endothelium of glomerulus c. filtration slits, foot processes , and slit pores d. endothelium of glomerulus, dense layer of glomerulus, and podocyte filtration slits e. dense layer of glomerulus, foot processes, and fenestrations in the capsule
d
The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the a. papillary tubule b. proximal convoluted tubule c. calyx d. distal convoluted tubule e. nephron loop
d
The position of the kidney in the abdominal cavity is stabilized by a. supporting connective tissues b. the overlying peritoneum c. contact with adjacent visceral organs d. all of the answers are correct e. none of the answers are correct
d
The process of filtration is driven by a. net filtration pressure b. blood colloid osmotic pressure c. renal pumping d. glomerular hydrostatic pressure e. active transport
d
The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the a. pelvis b. ureter c. calyx d. hilum e. pyramid
d
When the level of ADH decreases a. the osmolarity of the urine decreases b. less urine is produced c. more urine is produced d. more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases e. none of the answers are correct
d
Which of the following descriptions best matches the calyx ? a. tip of the medullary pyramid b. releases renin c. initial filtrate enters here d. final urine enters here e. superficial portion of the kidney
d
Which of the tubules is impermeable to water? a. DCT b. PCT c. descending limb of the nephron loop d. ascending limb of he nephron loop e. none of these answers are correct
d
A healthy adult typically produces ____ of urine per day a. 2500ml b. 500 ml c. 250 ml d. 25 ml e. 1200 ml
e
Countercurrent multiplication takes place in the a. glomerulus b. glomerular capsule c. collecting duct d. DCT e. nephron loop
e
The mechanism for producing concentrated urine involves a. a properly function nephron loop b. aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells c. the secretion of antidiuretic hormone d. a high concentration of NaCl in the fluid surrounding the collecting ducts e. All of the answers are correct
e
Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by a. lymphatics b. blood vessel c. the calyces d. the urethra e. the ureters
e
Urine is temporarily stored in the a. renal pelvis b. gallbladder c. kidneys d. prostate gland e. urinary bladder
e
________is/are an immediately life- threatening condition. However, if an individual survives the incident, full recovery is often possible. a. Chronic renal failure b. prostate enlargement c. Dysuria d. Kidney stones e. Acute Renal failure
e
