Urinary System
In a normal individual, how much blood flows through the kidneys each minute?
1200 mL
What percent do the kidneys get of the total cardiac output?
15 - 20%
The renal sinus is:
An internal cavity lined by fibrous capsule.
Tissue types involved in the urinary system:
Bladder, kidneys, ureters, urethra
What hollow muscular organ serves as a storage reservoir for urine?
Bladder.
Painful urination is called:
Dysuria.
Renin is the hormone responsible for controlling the permeability of the collection system.
False. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is responsible for controlling the permeability.
The loop of Henle is an endocrine structure that secretes two hormones - renin and erythropoietin.
False. The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes these two hormones.
The right kidney is often located higher than the left kidney.
False. The left kidney is usually higher than the right kidney.
The total number of kidney nephrons drops by 60-70% between the ages 25 and 85.
False. The number of kidney nephrons drops by 30 to 40%.
The paths taken by the ureters as they approach the wall of the urinary bladder are the same for men and women.
False. The paths differ due to variations in nature, size and position of the reproductive organs.
The urinary system regulates plasma concentrations by (a) adjusting the volume of water lost in the urine, (b) releasing erythropoietin, and (c) releasing renin.
False. The urinary system regulates blood volume and blood pressure by doing the things listed.
The urinary system conserves valuable nutrients such as urea and uric acid.
False. Urea and uric acid are organic waste products that are eliminated by the urinary system as are toxic substances and drugs.
What are the three steps of urine production in the nephron?
Filtration, secretion, and reabsorption.
In older males, urinary retention may develop secondary to chronic inflammation of the prostate gland.
In older males, urinary retention may develop secondary to chronic inflammation of the prostate gland.
An inability to voluntarily control urination is:
Incontinence.
Inflammation of the urethral wall due to infection is called cystitis.
Inflammation of the urethral wall is called urethritis; cystitis is inflammation of the lining of the urinary bladder.
Each of the following is a normal component of urine EXCEPT:
Large proteins
The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of the:
Loop of Henle.
A ligament that extends from the anterior and superior border of the bladder to the umbilicus is the:
Urachus.
Which of the following extend from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder and are responsible for transporting urine to the bladder?
Ureters.
The inflammation of the urethral wall is:
Urethritis.
Urination results from an involuntary and voluntary response. This process is called the:
Micturition reflex.
The presence of kidney stones is:
Nephrolitiasis
Which vessels form the plexus that supplies the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?
Peritubular capillaries.
An image obtained by taking an x-ray of the kidneys after a radiopaque compound has been administered is:
Pyelogram.
What are nephrons responsible for?
Reabsorption of nutrients and substances that the body needs, the concentration of the urine, regulates sodium, potassium and pH, regulates water and sodium reabsorption.
As we become older, urination becomes less frequent and daily fluid requirements decrease.
Urination becomes MORE frequent and daily fluid requirements INCREASE. This is due to less reabsorption of water and sodium ions because the entire collecting system becomes less responsive to ADH.
Each kidney receives blood from:
Renal artery.
Each kidney is protected/stabilized by the:
Renal capsule, adipose capsule and renal fascia.
The process of filtration occurs at the:
Renal corpuscle.
The outer layer of the kidney in contact with the capsule is:
Renal cortex.
The part of the kidney that consists of 6-18 distinct conical or triangular structures (renal pyramids) is the:
Renal medulla.
Components of Urine:
Salts, Urea, Hydrogen Ions
The urinary system does all of the following EXCEPT:
Secrete excess glucose modules.
Urine production occurs in the renal lobes, and ducts within each renal papilla discharge urine into a cup-shaped drain, called a renal pelvis.
The cup-shaped drain is called a minor calyx.
The left ureter is slightly longer than the right because the:
The left kidney is higher than the right.
The ureters and urinary bladders are lined by:
Transitional epithelium.
The ability to control micturition is often lost after a stroke, Alzheimer's disease, or other CNS problems affecting the cerebral cortex or hypothalamus.
True