US Hist chap 27
Which of the following was a result of the Hiss-Chambers case?
Alger Hiss was convicted of lying about espionage.
Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?
American citizens convicted for spying and passing atomic bomb secrets to the USSR
wrote The Crucible, inspired by the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)
Arthur Miller
was the consul in charge of U.S.-occupied Japan and served as supreme commander of the UN forces
Douglas MacArthur
How has the public and historical perception of Truman's presidency evolved over time?
During Truman's presidency, many Americans blamed him for issues such as higher taxes and higher prices for consumers brought by the war, but years later, many have come to view him more positively, appreciating that he dealt with a complex set of problems.
By the spring of 1945, the United States and Britain were becoming deeply concerned over Soviet actions in
Eastern Europe.
was part of the same Soviet spy ring as Klaus Fuchs, a German-born English nuclear physicist
Ethel Rosenberg
Due to shrinking military production, a deep recession followed the end of the Second World War.
False
During the presidential election of 1948, Republicans saw little hope for victory.
False
The Berlin Airlift saw the aerial evacuation of American personnel from Berlin after the Soviets blockaded the city.
False
The Fair Deal was President Truman's name for his approach to foreign policy in the early days of the cold war.
False
The celebrity status of the group known as the Hollywood Ten successfully prevented the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) from subpoenaing them.
False
Truman's firing of MacArthur in 1951 was over MacArthur's refusal to pursue the war in Korea.
False
Inch'on was the site where
General MacArthur turned the Korean War around with an amphibious landing.
was the secretary of state in 1947 who devised the plan of economic recovery aid to Europe
George C. Marshall
authored the "Long Telegram" and advised containing Soviet expansionism
George F. Kennan
Why did President Truman veto the McCarran Internal Security Act?
He felt it promoted thought control.
Which of the following statements describes the role State Department official George Kennan played in the onset of the cold war?
He recommended that the United States contain Soviet expansionist tendencies through efforts to undermine the appeal of Soviet communism.
What is significant about the way Truman got the United States involved in the Korean War?
He was able to do it without a congressional declaration, bypassing a constitutional provision.
organized the GI Forum to foster equal treatment of Mexican American veterans
Hector Perez Garcia
During the 1948 election, which candidate was MOST critical of the current administration's anti-Soviet policies?
Henry Wallace, a Progressive
Which of the following accurately describes Harry Truman?
His background and upbringing were very different from those of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the experiences of Mexican Americans following the Second World War?
In a number of southwestern states, schools segregated Mexican American children from white children, and Mexican American veterans often were denied benefits available to white veterans.
Which of the following is true of the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947?
It allowed the president to impose a "cooling-off" period during major strikes.
As a result of the global burdens the United States assumed after the Second World War, how did the federal government change?
It became larger, more powerful, and more secretive, in part due to the actions of both major political parties and the lobbying efforts of the military-industrial complex.
What was the role of the Truman Doctrine?
It committed the United States to help "free peoples" facing pressure from communism.
What was the role of the GI Bill?
It provided loans to veterans for education, job training, and the building of homes and businesses.
What is one way the Chinese civil war proved significant for the cold war?
It resulted in the victory of Communists over Chinese Nationalists, and the Communists would go on to intervene in the Korean War to aid their North Korean allies.
What was the role of the Marshall Plan?
It was an international economic recovery program that also sought to reduce socialist influence in Europe and reestablish a strong Western Europe rooted in American values.
was governor of South Carolina and the Dixiecrat presidential candidate in 1948
J. Strom Thurmond
Baseball was integrated in 1947 when ________ played for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Jackie Robinson
was the first African American to play major league baseball and drew more diverse crowds
Jackie Robinson
was a senator from Wisconsin who took advantage of anti-Communist anxieties
Joseph R. McCarthy
Which of the following occurred in Asia with the end of the Second World War?
Korea became divided into northern and southern halves, with the Soviets organizing a Communist government in the north and the Americans then helping to establish a democratic government in the south.
was appointed by Truman to lead UN forces in Korea after April 1951
Matthew Ridgway
Which of the following is true of Truman's Fair Deal proposals by and large?
Most of them were simply extensions or enlargements of New Deal programs, and a bipartisan conservative coalition in Congress successfully stopped their passage.
Authored by Paul Nitze, ________ endorsed a massive militarized version of containment that guided American foreign policy for decades.
NSC-68
Which of the following reorganized the American defense and intelligence establishment in 1947, creating the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Department of Defense, National Security Council, and Central Intelligence Agency?
National Security Act
In response to Truman's actions and policies up to that point, the 1946 congressional elections resulted in
Republican control of Congress.
An impact of the Korean War was that Truman authorized increased assistance for French troops fighting a Communist independence movement in a French colony in ________, beginning U.S. military involvement there.
Southeast Asia
Which of the following statements is true in regard to Israel's founding in 1948?
The United States became the first country to recognize the Jewish state.
Why was the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) significant to American foreign policy?
The commitment to NATO as a mutual defense alliance against the Soviet Union marked an end to isolationism in the United States.
What was the stance of the Dixiecrats in the 1948 campaign?
They supported states' rights and racial segregation.
A number of historians today believe the cold war was an unavoidable consequence of ideological differences between the United States and the Soviet Union.
True
At the end of the Second World War, Korea was divided along the 38th parallel.
True
Harry Truman was famously short-tempered and outspoken.
True
Henry Wallace ran for president in 1948 as the Progressive party candidate.
True
In the civil war that broke out in Greece after the Second World War, the United States assisted the British-supported government and announced what came to be known as the Truman Doctrine.
True
In the ideological contest against the United States, Communists highlighted examples of racism to win influence among newly emerging African nations.
True
Israel's creation in 1948 was followed immediately by a war with its Arab neighbors.
True
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act was also known as the GI Bill of Rights.
True
The year 1949 saw both the Communists' winning control of China and the Soviets' development of an atomic bomb.
True
Truman banned racial discrimination in the federal government and segregation in the military.
True
When Truman removed wartime restrictions on prices and wages, there were strikes and other labor disputes in the steel, coal, and railroad industries.
True
Whittaker Chambers accused Alger Hiss of supplying secret U.S. documents to the Soviets.
True
Which of the following statements accurately describes the political climate as the 1948 election approached?
Truman had not yet successfully cast away the widespread impression that he was not up to the role of president, and most political analysts assumed he would lose the next election.
The 1948 election is probably best remembered for
Truman's upset victory.
What were among the main U.S. foreign policy concerns following the Second World War and why?
With the elimination of German Nazism, the United States and the Soviet Union no longer seemed to share a united goal; the power vacuums in Europe and Asia due to the defeat of the Germans and Japanese left the Americans and Soviets competing for global influence.
What was the international response when North Korea attacked South Korea?
Working with Truman, the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors.
UN forces reaching the Yalu River brought about
a massive Chinese intervention.
At the 1948 Democratic convention, Minneapolis mayor and liberal Hubert Humphrey urged his party to
adopt a strong civil rights plank.
Drawing on the assumptions of the "domino theory," Truman believed the Soviet and Communist activities in Greece would
allow for the fall of the other nations in eastern Mediterranean, followed by those in Western Europe, if unchecked.
To what did Winston Churchill compare the boundary between Soviet-occupied Eastern Europe and Western Europe?
an iron curtain
On the domestic front, President Truman soon made clear his intention to
enlarge the New Deal.
Senator McCarthy was very effective in
exploiting public fears.
Why did Truman fire General MacArthur?
for insubordination
One of Truman's strengths as he assumed the presidency was his
genuine demeanor and ability to arise above his limitations.
Which of the following was a major economic problem that President Truman faced immediately after the war?
high rates of inflation
Which of the following appears to have led to the cold war in retrospect?
ideological competition between democratic capitalism and totalitarian communism and their opposing views of what the postwar world should become
Truman's response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 was to
launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin.
The Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 inspired Truman to
order the development of a hydrogen bomb.
One major reason that the Second World War inspired postwar changes in race relations in the United States was the
racist nature of opponents of the United States, such as the Nazis, during the war.
Truman viewed the results of the 1948 election as a mandate for
social welfare programs.
When confronted with strikes in the coal and railroad industries in 1946, President Truman's response was to
temporarily seize those industries.
In his Wheeling speech, Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed to have a list of Communists in
the State Department.
The conventional view of cold war history holds whom or what MOST responsible for beginning this conflict?
the efforts of the Soviets, led by Josef Stalin, to dominate the globe
In 1947, President Truman took actions to banish Communists from ________ by issuing an executive order known as the Loyalty Order.
the federal government
The Yalta pledges of democratic elections in Eastern Europe were
violated by the Soviet Union.
