US History 2 Final

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The "city beautiful" movement in the United States was inspired, in part, by a. the economic depression of 1893. b. the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago. c. the new technology of skyscrapers. d. both the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and the new technology of skyscrapers. e. None of these answers is correct.

b. the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago.

The nineteenth-century game of "rounders" became the modern sport of a. basketball. b. baseball. c. golf. d. football. e. soccer.

b. baseball.

The Comstock Lode primarily produced a. copper b. silver c. gold d. lead e. zinc

b. silver

The Hoover administration addressed the economic situation of American farmers with the a. Agricultural Marketing Act. b. Soil Conservation Act. c. Agricultural Adjustment Act. d. Farm Security Administration. e. Rural Electrification Administration.

a. Agricultural Marketing Act.

In 1919, all of the following figures were at the Paris Peace Conference EXCEPT a. Alexander Kerensky of Soviet Russia. b. Georges Clemenceau of France. c. David Lloyd George of Great Britain. d. Vittorio Orlando of Italy. e. Woodrow Wilson of the United States.

a. Alexander Kerensky of Soviet Russia.

Samuel Gompers was the leader of the a. American Federation of Labor. b. Molly Maguires. c. Knights of Labor. d. Congress of Industrial Organization. e. American Railway Union.

a. American Federation of Labor.

By 1900, one of the three American territories in the contiguous United States that had NOT been granted statehood was a. Arizona. b. Utah. c. Colorado. d. Nebraska. e. South Dakota.

a. Arizona.

The secretary of state of the Harding administration was a. Charles Evans Hughes. b. Charles Dawes. c. Henry Cabot Lodge. d. Henry Stimson. e. Cordell Hull.

a. Charles Evans Hughes.

In 1882, the group of immigrants to be excluded from the United States on the basis of nationality were a. Chinese. b. Japanese. c. Mexicans. d. Slavs. e. Irish.

a. Chinese.

Which American thinker is LEAST associated with study using scientific methods? a. Henry James b. Charles S. Peirce c. Charles Darwin d. John Dewey e. Edward A. Ross

a. Henry James

All of the following statements regarding the internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II are true EXCEPT that a. Japanese American children were put through a rigorous school system while at the internment camps. b. the order for internment was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1944. c. most of those interned lost all their property and possessions. d. the internment camps were essentially prisons. e. President Roosevelt was pressured by both military and political leaders to authorize the internment.

a. Japanese American children were put through a rigorous school system while at the internment camps.

Which American writer is LEAST associated with the trend toward social realism in literature in the late nineteenth century? a. Mark Twain b. Upton Sinclair c. Frank Norris d. Stephen Crane e. Theodore Dreiser

a. Mark Twain

Which tribe should NOT be included among the Plains Indians? a. Yurok b. Sioux c. Arapaho d. Pawnee e. Cheyenne

a. Yurok

In the 1980s and 1990s, the most divisive cultural issue in the United States was a. abortion rights. b. racial relations. c. prayer in schools. d. gun control. e. gay marriage.

a. abortion rights.

As a result of the service of African American soldiers in World War I, a. activism by blacks for their rights increased. b. public attitudes on race were significantly altered. c. the country saw a general improvement in race relations. d. the federal government integrated the armed forces. e. northern black factory workers were able to keep their jobs when white veterans returned.

a. activism by blacks for their rights increased.

The Washington Conference of 1921 a. attempted to prevent a global naval arms race. b. saw the Harding administration refuse to participate in it. c. sought to expand the global markets of the United States. d. ended as a diplomatic failure for the United States. e. attempted to create a world court.

a. attempted to prevent a global naval arms race.

In the late nineteenth century, fences for Plains farms were usually made from a. barbed wire. b. stones. c. wood. d. sod. e. Brick.

a. barbed wire.

In 1968, George Wallace ran for president a. based on a variety of conservative grievances. b. as a critic of the war in Vietnam. c. as a Democrat. d. until he was wounded in an assassination attempt. e. to draw attention to his opposition to segregation.

a. based on a variety of conservative grievances.

In the 1960s, the philosophy of "black power" a. called for an increased awareness of racial differences. b. helped to unite the many different black civil rights groups. c. encouraged greater racial assimilation. d. disavowed the use of violence in the civil rights movement. e. was rejected by groups such as SNCC and CORE.

a. called for an increased awareness of racial differences.

The 1916 Keating-Owen Act was the first federal law regulating a. child labor. b. industrial safety. c. tenant agriculture. d. the garment industry. e. information about contraceptives.

a. child labor.

In the nineteenth century, vaudeville theater a. consisted of a variety of stage acts. b. only employed white performers. c. had been created in the United States. d. both consisted of a variety of stage acts, and only employed white performers. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. consisted of a variety of stage acts.

The Eisenhower administration responded to Fidel Castro's coming to power in Cuba by a. ending diplomatic relations. b. blockading Cuban ports. c. establishing a military presence in Guantanamo Bay. d. ending diplomatic relations, blockading Cuban ports, and establishing a military presence in Guantanamo Bay. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. ending diplomatic relations.

The temperance movement between 1914 and 1919 a. gained momentum as a result of World War I. b. was opposed by most conservative Christians. c. saw the Women's Christian Temperance Union peak at 125,000 members. d. resulted in the unanimous passage by states of the Eighteenth Amendment. e. gained the support of most Catholic immigrants.

a. gained momentum as a result of World War I.

In the 1930s, the Congress of Industrial Organizations a. grew out of a dispute within the American Federation of Labor. b. was less militant than the American Federation of Labor. c. would not accept women or blacks as members. d. confined its organizing to the steel and coal industries. e. refused to get involved in organizing the automobile industry.

a. grew out of a dispute within the American Federation of Labor.

In the 1920s, the "flapper" lifestyle a. had a particular impact on urban lower-middle-class and working-class single women. b. was largely reserved for upper-class women. c. was largely rejected by upper-class women. d. was simply a clothing fad. e. was applauded by most progressive suffragists.

a. had a particular impact on urban lower-middle-class and working-class single women.

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, a. half of all African Americans were members of the middle class. b. African Americans constituted three percent of the nation's college population. c. there was little-to-no economic disparity between black and white professionals. d. half of all African Americans lived in poverty as members of the "underclass." e. the percentage of black high school graduates going to college still lagged significantly behind that of white high school graduates.

a. half of all African Americans were members of the middle class.

During the late nineteenth century, child labor in the United States a. increased significantly. b. was unregulated by laws in most states. c. saw more children working in factories than in agriculture. d. both increased significantly and saw more children working in factories than in agriculture. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. increased significantly.

Regarding his view of Mikhail Gorbachev, President Ronald Reagan was a. initially skeptical, but gradually concluded that Gorbachev was a sincere reformer. b. consistently skeptical of Gorbachev. c. always of the belief that Gorbachev was a sincere reformer. d. initially optimistic, but gradually concluded he could not work with Gorbachev. e. initially skeptical, but gradually became more openly hostile to Gorbachev.

a. initially skeptical, but gradually concluded that Gorbachev was a sincere reformer.

The election of 1888 a. involved clear differences on tariff issues between the major parties. b. was one of the few elections during this era to escape charges of corruption. c. produced a clear mandate from the voters for political reform. d. was decided by Congress. e. saw the Democrats take back the White House.

a. involved clear differences on tariff issues between the major parties.

The Sand Creek Massacre of 1864 a. involved the killing of Indian women and children. b. saw the death of Chief Black Kettle. c. was carried out by George Custer. d. moved Colonel J. M. Chivington to denounce the U.S. Army. e. All these answers are correct.

a. involved the killing of Indian women and children.

During the 1980s and 1990s, American corporations sought to become more competitive by reducing a. labor costs. b. investments in technology. c. mergers. d. both labor costs and mergers. e. None of these answers is correct.

a. labor costs.

Beginning in 1898, the American war in the Philippines a. lasted for years and resulted in thousands of American deaths. b. saw close to 10,000 Filipinos die in the conflict. c. was led by General George Pershing. d. saw the United States withdraw its military and negotiate a diplomatic end to the conflict. e. went much more smoothly than the recent Spanish-American War.

a. lasted for years and resulted in thousands of American deaths.

In 1932, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation a. lent funds only to financial institutions with sufficient collateral. b. was created by Congress over President Herbert Hoover's veto. c. focused most of its spending on large urban cities in the Northeast. d. was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. e. spent most of its money trying to prop up unstable local banks.

a. lent funds only to financial institutions with sufficient collateral.

During the mid-nineteenth century, Hispanics living in California a. lost ownership of large areas of lands. b. saw an expansion in the power of californios. c. attempted to revive the Spanish mission society. d. joined with white Americans to drive out Indians. e. increasingly became part of the state's middle class.

a. lost ownership of large areas of lands.

In the American business community at the end of the nineteenth century, a. one percent of corporations controlled one-third of all manufacturing. b. almost all corporations had achieved stability through "pool" arrangements. c. federal reforms of corporations had ended the most predatory business practices. d. most states had made it illegal for one corporation to buy another one. e. rampant competitiveness and labor shortages helped to keep prices down and wages up.

a. one percent of corporations controlled one-third of all manufacturing.

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 a. permitted the "union shop." b. expanded the Wagner Act. c. permitted the "closed shop." d. prohibited states from passing "right-to-work" laws. e. was supported by President Truman.

a. permitted the "union shop."

In his foreign policy for Latin America, President Herbert Hoover a. repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. b. repeatedly ordered troops into various Central American nations. c. canceled Latin American war debts owed to the United States. d. closely followed the policies of the two previous administrations. e. declared America would henceforth only recognize democratically-elected regimes.

a. repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

Between 1890 and 1910, incomes in the United States a. rose for almost all Americans. b. declined for most unskilled workers. c. remained the same for most Americans. d. increased for white Americans, but decreased for most other ethnic groups. e. grew more unequal, while the middle class shrunk.

a. rose for almost all Americans.

In the late nineteenth century, the Tammany Hall political machine a. saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. b. was one of the few machines that did not engage in graft and corruption. c. operated out of Chicago. d. operated out of Chicago and saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. e. All these answers are correct.

a. saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison.

The Pullman strike of 1894 a. saw the president of the United States order federal troops to break the strike. b. was ultimately successful for the strikers. c. had little effect on rail transportation throughout the nation. d. ended when George Pullman dropped his demand that workers live in company housing. e. ended when Governor John Peter Altgeld called out the militia to protect employers.

a. saw the president of the United States order federal troops to break the strike.

According to the philosophy of pragmatism, society should be guided by a. scientific inquiry. b. inherited ideals. c. democratic tradition. d. moral principles. e. religious faith.

a. scientific inquiry.

Chinese tongs were a. secret societies. b. prostitutes. c. community officials. d. merchants. e. indentured servants.

a. secret societies.

By the 1890s, the largest number of immigrants to the United States came from a. southern and eastern Europe. b. Mexico and Central America. c. Great Britain and Germany. d. China and Japan. e. Ireland and Italy.

a. southern and eastern Europe.

Chester A. Arthur a. supported the Pendleton Act as part of civil service reform. b. upset reformers by supporting the political "spoils system." c. quickly replaced most of James Garfield's appointees. d. was a political novice when he assumed the presidency. e. had long been a fierce opponent of Roscoe Conkling.

a. supported the Pendleton Act as part of civil service reform.

In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed a. that the end of the "frontier" also marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life. b. the United States should expand its northern and southern borders into Canada and Mexico to create new frontier land. c. the western wars between whites and Indians were a national disgrace. d. most of the frontier land was of little practical use for Americans. e. the frontier had repressed individualism, nationalism, and democracy in America

a. that the end of the "frontier" also marked the end of one of the most important democratizing forces in American life.

In the late nineteenth century, the needs of the American steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following EXCEPT a. the automobile industry. b. steam engine technology. c. freighters on the Great Lakes. d. the railroad industry. e. the oil industry.

a. the automobile industry.

Criticisms within the United States regarding American colonialism included all the following major arguments EXCEPT that a. the financial costs of administering colonies would require burdensome taxes. b. imperialism was immoral and contrary to the nation's commitment to human freedom. c. foreign obligations and entangling alliances would threaten American liberties. d. the nation's population would be "polluted" by "inferior" races. e. imperialism would mean a flood of cheap laborers and unwelcome competition.

a. the financial costs of administering colonies would require burdensome taxes.

Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot, voter ballots were printed and distributed by a. the political parties. b. the federal government. c. private contractors. d. state governments. e. philanthropic organizations.

a. the political parties.

In the South during the last twenty years of the nineteenth century, a. the southern share of national manufacturing doubled. b. southerners became more dependent on agriculture than ever. c. per capita income fell sharply. d. most industrial growth came from coal mining. e. the average income reached 80 percent of that in the North.

a. the southern share of national manufacturing doubled.

Orville and Wilbur Wright's first successful airplane flight in 1903 a. took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. b. lasted just over one minute. c. did not in fact take off by itself. d. took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and did not in fact take off by itself. e. All these answers are correct.

a. took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

The government of Syngman Rhee in Korea after World War II a. was pro-Western. b. had a powerful military. c. was supported by the Soviet Union. d. was backed by communists in China. e. was remarkably democratic.

a. was pro-Western.

After Reconstruction, political power under southern "Redeemers" a. was very often restricted and conservative. b. typically relied on raising taxes for its funding. c. increased state services for the poor. d. ignored the interests of industrialists. e. helped consolidate the "Solid South" for the Republican Party.

a. was very often restricted and conservative.

The Women's Christian Temperance Union a. was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history. b. called for an end to saloons, not for a full prohibition on alcoholic beverages. c. was later replaced by the Anti-Saloon League. d. was headed by a male president. e. was founded during the Progressive Era.

a. was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history.

The principal force behind the creation of great public buildings in the late nineteenth century was a. wealthy residents. b. community service organizations. c. state governments. d. the federal government. e. ethnic political machines.

a. wealthy residents.

During the Reagan presidency, "neoconservatives" a. were a small but disproportionately influential group of intellectuals. b. made up the majority of supporters of Reagan. c. were largely concerned with the government's progressive tax structure. d. were unable to effectively unite with other Reagan supporters. e. believed the Vietnam War had illustrated the limits of American intervention.

a. were a small but disproportionately influential group of intellectuals.

The Farmers' Alliances a. were far more widespread than the Grange movement. b. were created to replace Grange associations. c. had more effective and better-managed cooperatives than the Grange movement. d. sought a closer working relationship with banks than had the Grange movement. e. shunned the political system, emphasizing instead education and organization.

a. were far more widespread than the Grange movement.

In 1919, the racial climate in the United States a. worsened in both the North and South. b. worsened in the South but not in the North. c. improved in both the North and South. d. improved in the North but not in the South. e. generally stayed the same as it had been before the war.

a. worsened in both the North and South.

Which of the following is true of organized American labor during World War II? a. No major union went on strike. b. "Wildcat" strikes were the most common. c. Unions accepted a freeze on wages until the war ended. d. Many states passed laws expanding the influence of unions. e. Opposition to strikes was led by the influential United Mine Workers.

b. "Wildcat" strikes were the most common.

In the late 1980s, challenges to communist rule were LEAST successful in a. Poland. b. China. c. Romania. d. Czechoslovakia. e. Hungary.

b. China.

During the 1920s, all of the following immigrant groups were increasing their presence in the labor force in the West and Southwest EXCEPT the a. Filipinos. b. Chinese. c. Japanese. d. Mexicans. e. Issei.

b. Chinese.

During the 1870s and 1880s, most of the immigrants to the United States came from a. Italy and the Slavic countries. b. England, Ireland, and northern Europe. c. Poland, Hungary, and Russia. d. Japan and China. e. Mexico.

b. England, Ireland, and northern Europe.

During the Progressive Era, important vehicles for social reform included a. the American Federation of Labor. b. New York's Tammany Hall. c. the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. d. both New York's Tammany Hall and the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. e. None of these answers is correct.

b. New York's Tammany Hall.

After the conflict between Russia and Japan in 1904-1905, a. relations between Japan and the Roosevelt administration steadily improved. b. President Roosevelt sent a fleet of ships around the world, including to Japan, as a show of force. c. the Japanese military presence in the Pacific declined. d. the Russian government collapsed. e. President Roosevelt negotiated a secret free trade agreement with Russia.

b. President Roosevelt sent a fleet of ships around the world, including to Japan, as a show of force.

Which of the following is true of the 1999 conflict in Kosovo? a. Most of the United States' western European allies opposed any intervention in the conflict. b. The Serbian leader agreed to a cease-fire after little more than a week of bombing. c. The U.S. committed more ground troops to the conflict than it did for the first Iraq War. d. President Clinton showed little interest in working through international bodies like NATO or the UN to deal with the conflict. e. The U.S. bombed the separatist groups in Kosovo to try to force them to reunite with Serbia.

b. The Serbian leader agreed to a cease-fire after little more than a week of bombing.

In the 1962 Cuban missile crisis, the a. Cubans attempted to install defensive nuclear weapons. b. United States ordered a naval and air blockade around Cuba. c. United States made an air attack on Cuban missile sites. d. Soviet Union launched a missile at an American naval destroyer. e. Soviet Union attempted to invade Cuba.

b. United States ordered a naval and air blockade around Cuba.

"Dollar Diplomacy" is associated primarily with the administration of a. William McKinley. b. William Howard Taft. c. Theodore Roosevelt. d. Woodrow Wilson. e. Warren Harding.

b. William Howard Taft.

In 1919, American labor unrest saw a. the public generally support unions. b. a general strike in Seattle that brought the city to a standstill. c. a major steel strike resolved in favor of the workers. d. Governor Calvin Coolidge attract national acclaim for his support of labor. e. All these answers are correct.

b. a general strike in Seattle that brought the city to a standstill.

The 1920 census of the United States revealed that a. the western frontier had ended b. a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas c. for the first time since 1790, American women outnumbered men d. the majority of the nation's population had arrived as immigrants since 1880 e. California was now the most populous state

b. a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas

In the late nineteenth century, the writer Henry George argued in favor of a. taxing only the richest Americans. b. a single land tax to replace all other taxes. c. government efforts to increase land values. d. heavier taxes on the raw materials of industry. e. abolishing all taxes.

b. a single land tax to replace all other taxes.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were a. not members of the Communist Party. b. accused of passing American secrets to its enemies. c. convicted and sentenced to life in prison. d. both accused of passing American secrets to its enemies, and convicted and sentenced to life in prison. e. None of these answers is correct.

b. accused of passing American secrets to its enemies.

Early during the feminist movement, the National Organization of Women focused its efforts on a. changing the traditional concepts of women in the home. b. addressing the needs of women in the workplace. c. abortion rights. d. helping poor and minority women. e. passing the Equal Rights Amendment.

b. addressing the needs of women in the workplace.

The Chinese Boxer Rebellion of 1900 was directed at a. the Chinese government. b. all foreigners in China. c. Americans in China. d. Japanese in China. e. the growing Chinese communist movement.

b. all foreigners in China.

In 1894, Jacob Coxey and his supporters a. demanded that Congress establish a program of unemployment insurance. b. called for a public works program for the unemployed. c. organized a march on Washington as part of plans to overthrow the government. d. were arrested by police, with many later deported as anarchists. e. demanded that Congress nationalize the railroads.

b. called for a public works program for the unemployed.

Arguments used by Social Darwinists in the United States to justify expansionism a. included the belief that weak nations should be left room to develop. b. contended that all nations were engaged in a constant struggle to survive. c. were created and first promoted by Charles Darwin himself. d. differed sharply from arguments used for domestic economic affairs. e. suggested that harmony among "races" depended on open markets and free trade.

b. contended that all nations were engaged in a constant struggle to survive.

To John D. Rockefeller, the great "curse" of business in the late nineteenth century was a. government regulation. b. cutthroat competition. c. the income tax. d. the corporate tax. e. the chronic labor shortage.

b. cutthroat competition.

In 1899, supporters of the annexation of the Philippines argued the United States had set a precedent for taking land while treating its inhabitants as dependents with the case of the a. North's occupation of the South following the Civil War. b. federal government's treatment of American Indians. c. nation's claiming of Florida from Spain in 1819. d. United States' taking of Hawaii in 1898. e. United States' claiming of California and Texas after the Mexican War.

b. federal government's treatment of American Indians.

During the late nineteenth century, all of the following innovations occurred in consumer goods EXCEPT the a. emergence of ready-made clothing b. formation of credit card companies c. ability to refrigerate foods artificially d. opening of large department stores e. development and mass production of tin cans

b. formation of credit card companies

In the late nineteenth century, which of the following was NOT a major western industry that relied on the East for markets and capital? a. mining b. fur trading c. ranching d. commercial farming e. both fur trading and ranching

b. fur trading

In 1979, President Jimmy Carter a. fired all members of his cabinet. b. gave a national address in which he criticized the spirit of the nation. c. went to Camp David for a month in the midst of an OPEC oil crisis. d. fired all members of his cabinet and gave a national address in which he criticized the spirit of the nation. e. All these answers are correct.

b. gave a national address in which he criticized the spirit of the nation.

During the late nineteenth century, college education for American women a. did not exist b. had expanded significantly c. offered no coeducational opportunities d. allowed women to be schooled only by male faculty e. had no real effect on the marrying age of nineteenth-century women

b. had expanded significantly

In 1935, Senator Huey Long a. advocated a "flat tax" plan. b. had proposed a national wealth-sharing plan that involved heavily taxing the wealthiest Americans. c. had as much popular support as Franklin Roosevelt, according to opinion polls. d. declared he would seek the Democratic nomination for president in 1936. e. advocated a $200 monthly pension for all Americans over the age of 60.

b. had proposed a national wealth-sharing plan that involved heavily taxing the wealthiest Americans.

In the late nineteenth century, Daniel De Leon a. created the ideas of laissez-faire capitalism. b. led the Socialist Labor Party in the United States. c. argued that large corporations were ultimately of benefit to American workers. d. led the American Federation of Labor. e. became a strong advocate of Taylorism.

b. led the Socialist Labor Party in the United States.

Throughout the late 1960s, a. deferments for the military draft increased. b. opposition in the United States to the Vietnam War intensified. c. no American refused induction; instead, thousands fled to Canada and Sweden. d. both deferments for the military draft increased, and opposition in the United States to the Vietnam War intensified. e. None of these answers is correct.

b. opposition in the United States to the Vietnam War intensified.

In 1894, the Immigration Restriction League a. sought a ban on all immigration to the United States for fifteen years. b. proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter. c. sought a ban on immigrants from Europe, but not Asia. d. called for the establishment of a tax on all immigrants. e. pushed strongly for the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act.

b. proposed screening immigrants to allow only the "desirable" ones to enter.

Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West shows a. showed the realities of life on the frontier. b. proved to be popular in Europe as well as the United States. c. did not include representations of Indians. d. ignored the fact that Cody had never actually lived in the West himself. e. often competed against those of sharpshooter Annie Oakley.

b. proved to be popular in Europe as well as the United States.

In 1945, when the United States Senate considered the proposed United Nations, it a. initially rejected American membership. b. quickly ratified the agreement by a large majority. c. refused to vote on the charter for nearly a year. d. made major changes to its charter. e. put the question to a national referendum.

b. quickly ratified the agreement by a large majority.

In 2001, regarding an international treaty signed in Kyoto, Japan, to reduce emissions in the atmosphere, President George W. Bush a. wanted stronger controls on greenhouse emissions than the treaty provided for. b. refused to participate in the agreement. c. sent the treaty to Congress but was defeated by Republican opposition. d. reluctantly agreed to abide by the treaty. e. wholeheartedly endorsed the treaty.

b. refused to participate in the agreement.

The 1961 Vienna summit between the United States and the Soviet Union a. was canceled in the aftermath of the Bay of Pigs. b. saw Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev make a veiled threat of war. c. saw President John Kennedy agree not to invade Cuba. d. saw President Kennedy criticize the construction of the Berlin Wall. e. saw the United States and the Soviet Union sign a nuclear test ban treaty.

b. saw Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev make a veiled threat of war.

The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established a. the Federal Reserve Board in Washington. b. the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. c. the Securities and Exchange Commission. d. both the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Securities and Exchange Commission. e. None of these answers is correct.

b. the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

The Abraham Lincoln Brigade is associated with a. the radical right. b. the Spanish Civil War. c. veterans of World War I. d. the "bonus marchers." e. the Civilian Conservation Corps.

b. the Spanish Civil War.

In 1890 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, a. Plains Indians mounted their last major attack on white Americans. b. the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred up to 200 Indians. c. the Sioux attempted to leave the reservation for Canada. d. the U.S. Seventh Cavalry suffered no casualties. e. All these answers are correct.

b. the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred up to 200 Indians.

In 1957, the effort to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, required a. President Dwight Eisenhower to remove the governor of Arkansas from office. b. the presence of federal troops to enforce court orders. c. the replacement of many of the school's teachers. d. the arrest of hundreds of whites protesting at the school. e. the Supreme Court to issue another decision, Brown II.

b. the presence of federal troops to enforce court orders.

President Gerald Ford's foreign policy actions included a. replacing Henry Kissinger as secretary of state. b. the signing of an arms control agreement with the Soviet Union. c. shifting away from the Nixon policies of engaging China in diplomacy. d. helping Israel obtain control of a large portion of the Sinai from Egypt. e. attempting to secure the release of American hostages in Iran.

b. the signing of an arms control agreement with the Soviet Union.

The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad in part because a. they had no other employment prospects. b. they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept. c. their skill demanded higher wages. d. most were forced into working for the railroads. e. their more well-established unions won the railroad contracts.

b. they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept.

In April 1945, American and British forces halted their advance on Germany at the Elbe River a. because their supply lines had become overextended. b. to wait for the Russian army to arrive. c. due to fierce German resistance. d. at the announcement that President Franklin Roosevelt had died. e. because all bridges over the river had been destroyed.

b. to wait for the Russian army to arrive.

During World War I, airplanes were used for all of the following EXCEPT a. bombing the enemy. b. transporting troops. c. attacking other aircraft. d. reconnaissance. e. "dogfights."

b. transporting troops.

In the 1920s, "welfare capitalism" a. encouraged employees to form single-industry labor unions. b. was a paternalistic approach used by corporate leaders on their workers. c. gave workers a measure of control over their industry. d. required corporations to provide some relief for unemployed workers. e. forced workers to donate much of their salaries to the less fortunate.

b. was a paternalistic approach used by corporate leaders on their workers.

By the mid-1840s, the American West a. contained few migrants from the United States. b. was extensively populated. c. had seen the elimination of nearly all Indian tribes. d. closely resembled its popular image. e. was still an empty, desolate land.

b. was extensively populated.

Over the course of World War II, inflation in the United States a. remained low before 1941. b. was not as serious a problem as it had been during World War I. c. was largely uncontrolled by the federal government. d. was at its highest in the last year of the war. e. was less a concern than fears of deflation.

b. was not as serious a problem as it had been during World War I.

At the turn of the twentieth century, motion pictures a. had been invented by D. W. Griffith. b. were the first true mass entertainment medium. c. operated under strict morality codes. d. both were the first true mass entertainment medium, and operated under strict morality codes. e. All these answers are correct.

b. were the first true mass entertainment medium.

When Joseph McCarthy first leveled charges of communist infiltration in the government, he was a a. member of the State Department. b. private citizen. c. first-term Republican senator. d. member of the Defense Department. e. Democratic member of the House.

c. first-term Republican senator.

During the 1920s, when $1,800 was considered the minimum annual income for a decent standard of living, the average annual income of a worker was approximately a. $700. b. $1,100. c. $1,500. d. $1,900. e. $2,400.

c. $1,500.

The first American to be launched into space, in 1961, was a. Yuri Gagarin. b. John Glenn. c. Alan Shepard. d. Edwin Aldrin. e. Neil Armstrong.

c. Alan Shepard.

Which Indian chief was murdered during the Civil War after white soldiers tricked him into surrendering? a. Cochise b. Wovoka c. Mangas Colorados d. Sitting Bull e. Geronimo

c. Mangas Colorados

The most prominent exponent of black nationalism following World War I was a. Claude McKay. b. Booker T. Washington. c. Marcus Garvey. d. W. E. B. Du Bois. e. Malcolm X.

c. Marcus Garvey.

In 2002, President George W. Bush described an "axis of evil" made up of Iraq, Iran, and a. Syria. b. Libya. c. North Korea. d. Lebanon. e. Somalia.

c. North Korea.

The Environmental Protection Agency was created in 1970 when ________ signed the National Environmental Protection Act into law. a. John F. Kennedy b. Lyndon Johnson c. Richard Nixon d. Gerald Ford e. Jimmy Carter

c. Richard Nixon

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 a. resulted in the deportation of half of the Chinese in the United States. b. was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. c. banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens. d. was only applied in California. e. had little effect on the size of the Chinese population in America.

c. banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens.

After World War I, the new Ku Klux Klan a. was largely centered in the South. b. focused primarily on intimidating African Americans. c. became primarily concerned about Catholics, Jews, and foreigners. d. officially renounced the use of violence. e. was a males-only organization.

c. became primarily concerned about Catholics, Jews, and foreigners.

After the elections of 1914, President Woodrow Wilson a. held steady to his existing course of action. b. moved away from progressivism. c. began another round of progressive legislation. d. encouraged the United States to enter the war in Europe. e. refused to nominate any progressives to the Supreme Court.

c. began another round of progressive legislation.

Compared with the first generation, second-generation immigrants were more likely to a. hold on to their old ethnic habits b. lose faith in the United States due to the hardships they experienced c. break from their traditional culture d. resist external social pressures to assimilate e. return to the Old World for good

c. break from their traditional culture

The Pullman strike of 1894 began when George Pullman, owner of the company a. ordered rail workers to move into company-owned housing. b. referred to workers as his "children." c. cut wages by twenty-five percent due to a slumping economy. d. refused to implement an eight-hour work day. e. began hiring African American workers in his factories.

c. cut wages by twenty-five percent due to a slumping economy.

In the late nineteenth century, many immigrants to the United States a. were already experienced as urban-dwelling, industrial workers. b. found the transition to their new country to be fairly easy. c. formed close-knit ethnic communities within cities. d. totally cut their links to their native countries. e. read English-language newspapers and frequented chain stores.

c. formed close-knit ethnic communities within cities.

In the early twentieth century, efforts to improve environmental problems in American cities a. were nonexistent b. focused on the wealthy and ignored the urban poor c. included a new federal environmental regulatory agency d. led many cities to ban horses from their streets e. did not yet include the construction of sewage disposal systems

c. included a new federal environmental regulatory agency

The American artistic movement known as the "Ashcan school" a. portrayed an idealized image of rural life. b. was strongly influenced by Old World masters. c. included the painter Edward Hopper. d. was most identified with the work of John Singer Sargent. e. rejected expressionism and abstraction as artistic fads.

c. included the painter Edward Hopper.

Tenement buildings in urban America were a. first constructed in Chicago in the 1880s. b. intended to be occupied as single-family dwellings. c. initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor. d. subsidized by city governments. e. considered luxury housing by most urban residents.

c. initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor.

In his books, Horatio Alger a. offered true accounts of poor Americans who had become wealthy. b. took critical issue with the ideas of Social Darwinism. c. inspired readers with stories of Americans rising from "rags-to-riches." d. criticized child labor in American industry. e. argued that wealth and privilege were ultimately hollow achievements.

c. inspired readers with stories of Americans rising from "rags-to-riches."

During the first year of the National Recovery Administration, a. industry saw prices decline. b. industrial production rose. c. large producers consistently dominated the code-writing process. d. both of these occurred: industry saw prices decline, and industrial production rose. e. All these answers are correct.

c. large producers consistently dominated the code-writing process.

All the following statements regarding Al Smith are true EXCEPT that he a. was a progressive Democratic governor. b. was unable to unite his divided party. c. lost the 1924 nomination to William McAdoo. d. was an Irish Catholic. e. won the 1928 Democratic nomination.

c. lost the 1924 nomination to William McAdoo.

In the late nineteenth century, suburbs on the edges of American cities were largely populated by a. very poor people b. the working class c. moderately well-to-do people d. people from all income backgrounds e. very wealthy people

c. moderately well-to-do people

Women in nineteenth-century western mining towns a. were nearly all single when they first arrived. b. had few economic opportunities outside of prostitution. c. often found work doing domestic tasks. d. generally worked as miners. e. often greatly outnumbered the men.

c. often found work doing domestic tasks.

In 1949, the Truman administration made progress in civil rights by a. making lynching a federal crime. b. abolishing the poll tax. c. ordering an end to discrimination in the hiring of government employees. d. establishing the Fair Employment Practices Commission. e. ordering the desegregation of public transportation.

c. ordering an end to discrimination in the hiring of government employees.

Advocates of the "New South" a. opposed using northern capital b. discouraged white women from working outside of the home c. promoted southern industry and railroad development d. challenged the assumptions of white supremacy e. in fact advocated a return to the plantation system of the antebellum South

c. promoted southern industry and railroad development

Until its repeal in 1885, the Labor Contract Law a. discouraged immigration from non-European countries. b. prevented the formation of labor unions. c. put many new immigrants in debt to American businessmen. d. was an attempt to reform American business practices. e. mandated that each worker sign an individual contract with a company.

c. put many new immigrants in debt to American businessmen.

In his writings during the late 1800s, the popular author Hamlin Garland a. romanticized agrarian life in the West. b. criticized western farmers for failing to develop a stable industry. c. reflected the growing disillusionment of western farmers. d. argued the Plains should be abandoned by Americans. e. suggested the trials of rural life refined and enlarged the human spirit.

c. reflected the growing disillusionment of western farmers.

The 1946 elections a. revealed growing public support for President Harry Truman's domestic agenda. b. saw the Democrats retain control of the House, but lose the Senate. c. saw Republicans win control of both houses of Congress. d. saw President Truman chastise Republican critics with the slogan "Had Enough?" e. saw Republicans argue that Truman aimed to roll back the New Deal.

c. saw Republicans win control of both houses of Congress.

In 1998, the federal budget a. set a record for deficit spending. b. was one-third smaller than it had been six years earlier. c. saw its first surplus in thirty years. d. had paid off the national debt. e. had cut military spending in half from its Cold War peak.

c. saw its first surplus in thirty years.

The elections of 1876 saw a. the Supreme Court decided the presidential election b. a Democrat become president for the first time since the Civil War c. the candidate with the most popular votes fail to get elected d. Ulysses Grant make an unsuccessful bid for an unprecedented third term e. the governor of New York become president

c. the candidate with the most popular votes fail to get elected

In the 1970s, the Nixon administration believed the world's most volatile region to be a. the Middle East. b. Eastern Europe. c. the so-called Third World. d. China. e. sub-Saharan Africa.

c. the so-called Third World.

President Herbert Hoover responded to the onset of the Great Depression by a. proposing a series of economic reform programs. b. shutting down the bank system until confidence in it could be restored. c. urging a program of voluntary cooperation from business leaders. d. calling for a tax increase to prevent a federal deficit. e. calling for a system of social security to alleviate individual suffering.

c. urging a program of voluntary cooperation from business leaders.

Franklin Roosevelt's victory over Herbert Hoover in 1932 a. saw Roosevelt carry every state. b. was disputed in several states. c. was a convincing mandate. d. was decided only in the final days of the election. e. All these answers are correct.

c. was a convincing mandate.

The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 a. was an alliance between France and the United States against Germany. b. was to be enforced with multinational trade embargoes. c. was signed with wide international acclaim. d. stated that an attack on one nation was an attack on all nations. e. was an alliance between France and the United States against Japan.

c. was signed with wide international acclaim.

The Selective Service Act in the United States a. was enacted during the last months of World War I. b. gave the government, for the first time, the authority to draft citizens for military duty. c. was supported by President Woodrow Wilson. d. drafted far fewer men than those who volunteered for military duty. e. brought nearly 300,000 men into the army.

c. was supported by President Woodrow Wilson.

American casualties in World War I a. numbered approximately 350,000. b. numbered approximately 60,000. c. were as likely to be from disease as from combat. d. were very low in all battles that U.S. troops participated in. e. were comparable in number to those of the European powers.

c. were as likely to be from disease as from combat.

The term "terrorism" was first used in a. Palestine during the 1940s. b. Germany in the 1870s. c. Ireland in the 1960s. d. France in the 1790s. e. America in the 1860s.

d. France in the 1790s.

The country that lost the greatest number of lives in World War I was a. Russia. b. Great Britain. c. France. d. Germany. e. Italy.

d. Germany.

All of the following statements regarding the HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers are true EXCEPT that a. Chambers was a former communist agent. b. classified documents allegedly stolen by Hiss were kept hidden by Chambers in a pumpkin. c. the case cast suspicion on a generation of liberal Democrats. d. Hiss was convicted of espionage. e. Hiss served several years in prison.

d. Hiss was convicted of espionage.

In the late nineteenth century, as veterans of the Civil War retired, a. the federal government created a pension system for all retired Americans. b. they were paid pensions by individual states, but not by the federal government. c. the federal government gave pensions to both Union and Confederate veterans. d. a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions. e. they were forced to do without military pensions of any kind.

d. a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions.

At the turn of the twentieth century, progressive activists a. believed that organizations stunted individual growth and stifled creativity. b. asserted that it was the right of individuals to act as they chose. c. held a strong commitment to improving racial justice. d. believed in the importance of social cohesion. e. believed that people's character was hardwired at birth.

d. believed in the importance of social cohesion.

President Theodore Roosevelt defined "civilized" and "uncivilized" nations on the basis of a. race. b. literary achievements. c. economic development. d. both race and economic development. e. All these answers are correct.

d. both race and economic development.

In 1973, Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned because a. of his involvement in the Watergate break-in. b. of his involvement in the Watergate cover-up. c. of his refusal to testify against Richard Nixon. d. evidence surfaced that he had accepted bribes. e. None of these answers is correct.

d. evidence surfaced that he had accepted bribes.

During the 1920s, most American industrial workers experienced all of the following EXCEPT a. a rise in wages. b. income levels at the "minimum comfort level." c. little control over their economic fate. d. few opportunities to join a company union. e. employers trying to keep their labor costs low.

d. few opportunities to join a company union.

In the 1890s, Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League sought to a. encourage immigrants to become greater consumers. b. improve the safety and quality of consumer products. c. protect family businesses from the competition of corporate retailers. d. force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers. e. All these answers are correct.

d. force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers.

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 a. was limited to servicemen who had been wounded in combat. b. mainly provided counseling for emotionally troubled veterans. c. helped to reduce government spending. d. gave economic and education subsidies to veterans. e. explicitly discriminated against African Americans.

d. gave economic and education subsidies to veterans.

During the 1930s, regarding radio, a. the largest proportion of programming was devoted to news. b. most programs were increasingly prerecorded. c. around half of all American homes owned a radio. d. listening was often a community experience. e. radio sets were basically unusable in rural areas without electricity.

d. listening was often a community experience.

In 1939, after the Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact with Nazi Germany, the American Communist Party a. reduced its criticism of the United States. b. formed an American Nazi Party. c. broke from the Soviet Union. d. lost a significant portion of its membership. e. Disbanded.

d. lost a significant portion of its membership.

The Sabotage Act and the Sedition Act of 1918 a. eliminated jury trials for anyone charged under these laws. b. were most frequently directed at German Americans. c. were created after the Supreme Court invalidated the Espionage Act of 1917. d. made illegal any public expression opposing the war. e. were rarely if ever enforced by the Wilson administration.

d. made illegal any public expression opposing the war.

Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel, The Jungle, encouraged the federal government to regulate the a. railroad industry. b. steel industry. c. housing industry. d. meatpacking industry. e. oil industry.

d. meatpacking industry.

In the 1840s and 1850s, in the Far West, the response by white Americans to the Chinese a. moved from initial hostility to gradual acceptance. b. was one of consistent acceptance. c. was one of consistent hostility. d. moved from initial acceptance to gradual hostility. e. depended mainly on whether the white American was pro-slavery or antislavery.

d. moved from initial acceptance to gradual hostility.

In the 1902 strike by the United Mine Workers, President Theodore Roosevelt a. sided with the miners. b. sided with the mine owners. c. ordered in federal troops to keep the peace. d. ordered federal arbitration. e. ordered in federal troops to break the strike.

d. ordered federal arbitration.

During the Harding administration, the United States a. eventually joined the League of Nations. b. threatened to blockade Japan if it did not stop its military aggression. c. largely retired from international diplomacy. d. proposed a dramatic reduction in the fleets of the United States, Britain, and Japan. e. forgave the international debts of the former European allies.

d. proposed a dramatic reduction in the fleets of the United States, Britain, and Japan.

In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt's "quarantine" speech a. saw the president call for further isolation from the nation's enemies. b. warned Japan it faced a U.S. embargo if it continued to be aggressive. c. saw Roosevelt challenge England and France to limit the aggression of Germany. d. received a decidedly hostile response by the American people. e. was given in response to the Japanese sinking of the Panay.

d. received a decidedly hostile response by the American people.

In the late nineteenth century, the most striking feature of the American party system was its a. ideological divisions. b. general activism. c. lack of corruption. d. remarkable stability. e. multiple parties.

d. remarkable stability.

In the 1890s, Jacob Riis a. favored stopping immigration as a way to improve urban American cities. b. crusaded to expose political corruption in major American cities. c. documented the stories of wealthy Americans who came from humble origins. d. reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements. e. pushed for the creation of mass transit systems and outlying suburbs in America's cities.

d. reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements.

Throughout the 1920s, the federal government a. isolated itself from the business community. b. supported the right of workers to organize as unions. c. experienced a budget decrease, yet an increase in debt. d. saw leaders of business take prominent positions in the federal government. e. saw an increase in the budget and the national debt.

d. saw leaders of business take prominent positions in the federal government.

All the following statements regarding the use of DDT are true EXCEPT that a. the pesticide likely saved the lives of thousands of soldiers during World War II. b. the pesticide was recognized to be extremely toxic to insects. c. after its introduction, it quickly gained a positive reputation for its effectiveness. d. scientists during WWII knew the pesticide had a long-term toxic effect on humans and animals. e. it was first used on a large scale in Italy in 1943-1944, during a typhus outbreak.

d. scientists during WWII knew the pesticide had a long-term toxic effect on humans and animals.

During the Progressive Era, W. E. B. Du Bois asserted all of the following EXCEPT that a. Booker T. Washington's ideas were unnecessarily limiting to blacks. b. talented blacks should accept nothing less than a full university education. c. blacks should fight for immediate civil rights. d. seeking legal challenges to civil injustice through white-dominated courts was a pointless exercise. e. blacks should aspire to the professions.

d. seeking legal challenges to civil injustice through white-dominated courts was a pointless exercise.

In the 1968 presidential campaign, Richard Nixon called for a. an end to the Cold War with the Soviet Union. b. an immediate withdrawal of American military forces in Vietnam. c. a new commitment to effective social reform. d. stability and national law and order. e. the diplomatic recognition of China.

d. stability and national law and order.

In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking a. the legality of segregation. b. restrictions on black education. c. the loss of black voting rights. d. the crime of lynching. e. the arguments of Booker T. Washington.

d. the crime of lynching.

In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to a. the rapid growth of urban America. b. the potential voting power of large immigrant communities. c. disillusionment with heavy-handed and powerful city governments. d. the rapid growth of urban America and the potential voting power of large immigrant communities. e. the potential voting power of large immigrant communities and disillusionment with powerful city governments.

d. the rapid growth of urban America and the potential voting power of large immigrant communities.

The diplomatic efforts of President Woodrow Wilson toward Latin America a. were decidedly non-expansionist. b. curtailed the use of the military as a tool of diplomacy. c. became known as the "good neighbor" policy. d. were similar to those of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. e. were the product of considerable interest and experience in international affairs.

d. were similar to those of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft.

During World War II, organized labor in the United States a. lost membership as wages rose across most industries. b. frequently used the threats of strikes to obtain higher wages. c. agreed to freeze union membership and wages until the war was over. d. won automatic union memberships for new defense-plant workers. e. won a significant victory with the passage of the Smith-Connally Act.

d. won automatic union memberships for new defense-plant workers.

The first significant public awareness of computers in the United States came during the a. 1961 Mercury space flight. b. 1957 launch of Sputnik. c. 1958 launch of the first American satellite. d. 1950 U.S. Bureau of the Census tabulations. e. 1952 election tabulations.

e. 1952 election tabulations.

By 1900, the transportation systems of American cities included a. elevated railroads. b. subways. c. electric trolleys and cable cars. d. suspension bridges. e. All these answers are correct.