US History - 7th - Chapter 2 - Section 2 - Early Exploration
What did the Portuguese want to accomplish in their exploration?
1. A new route to China and India 2. A direct way to get West African gold
What were the 2 reasons for supporting Columbus' expedition?
1. Columbus promised to bring Christianity to any lands he found 2. If Columbus found a way to Asia, Spain would be very wealthy
What were the causes of European exploration?
1. European desire for new trade routes 2. Growing power and wealth of European nations 3. Competition for trade 4. Missionaries' desire to convert others to Christianity
How did traders get their gold back home in Europe?
1. It traveled by caravan across the desert to North Africa. 2. It the traveled across the Mediterranean by ship
What were the effects of European exploration?
1. Knowledge grows about other regions 2. Europeans and Native Americans clash 3. Enslavement of Africans 4. Rivalry in the Americas grows
What was another name for Prince Henry?
Henry the Navigator
What was the "line of demarcation"?
An imaginary line running down the middle of the Atlantic from the North Pole to the South Pole. Spain would control the lands to the west of the line. Portugal was to control the lands to the east of the line.
When did Columbus begin his journey to Asia from Palos, Spain?
August 3, 1492
Who did King John II send to southernmost part of Africa?
Bartholomeu Dias
What religion did Queen Isabella practice?
Devout Christian
How many ships did Magellan take on his expedition and where did he go?
Five ships Sailed from Spain, headed west across the Atlantic ocean and then south along the eastern coast of South America
What did Columbus do to convince his men that they had not traveled too far from home?
He altered the distances in his ship's logs
What did Columbus do when they finally arrived at land?
He claimed the land for Spain and named it "San Salvador"
What was important about Columbus' explorations?
He had found parts of the globe that were not known to the Europeans, Asians and Africans
When did Vasco da Gama reach India?
He reached the port of Calicut in 1498
What did Prince Henry do in 1420 to advance exploration?
He set up a center for exploration on the southwestern tip of Portugal He said this was where land ended and the sea began
Which route did Columbus want to take to reach Asia?
He thought you could get there by sailing West.
What did King John II of Portugal want to do?
He wanted to create a trading empire in Asia. He needed to find a sea route around Africa and trade directly with Asia and India
When did the last muslim kingdom fall in Southern Spain?
In 1492
Where did Columbus think he had claimed the new lands?
In Asia, but later explorations made it clear that he had not reached it at all
How did Magellan die?
In a fight in the Phillippines
What did Columbus call the local people?
Indians
Why was Portugal not part of the profitable trade between Asia and Europe?
It didn't have a Mediterranean sea port
Where was Vinland?
It is believed that it was North America
What was the Ocean Sea that was shown on the old maps?
It was the Western (Atlantic) and Eastern (Pacific) oceans that ran together on the map
Who convinced Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand to support the expeditions?
King Ferdinand's minister of Finance
How did Magellan's voyage end?
Magellan's crew completed the difficult journey. It lasted almost 3 years One of five original ships and 18 of the 200 men made it. They were the first to sail around the world
Did Dias reach the southernmost part of Africa?
No, a storm carried him off course and around the tip of Africa
Was America included in the maps that Columbus and the first European explorers used?
No, they didn't. They showed 3 continents - Europe, Asia and Africa - merged together as a large area of land
Did Portugal agree to the line of demarcation set by the Pope Alexander the VI?
No, they thought it favored Spain
Where the Vikings able to settle in Vinland?
No, they tried but failed.
When did Columbus find land and where did he land?
October 12, 1492 They had arrived in the Bahamas
Which Portuguese explorer sail after Da Gama and where did he end up?
Pedro Alvares Cabral reached Brazil. He claimed the land for King John II. He gave Portugal a stake in the Americas
Which European country took the lead in exploring the boundaries of the known world?
Portugal
Which country did Columbus sail for?
Portugal
How was Lisbon (the capital of Portugal) changed by the voyages to India?
Portuguese ships made annual trips to India and brought back much stuff to Portugal. Lisbon became the marketplace of Europe
Who was the leader in Portugal who was beginning a new era of exploration?
Prince Henry
Whose work did Columbus base his estimates of the size of the Earth?
Ptolemy, and ancient Greek astronomer
Who were the rulers of Spain that supported Columbus' voyage westward to Asia?
Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand
What circumnavigate mean?
Sail around the world
What did Amerigo Vespucci begin to do in 1499?
Started mapping out South America's coastline
What did Amerigo Vespucci discover?
That South America was a continent and not part of Asia.
Where did Columbus' small ships stop to make repairs and also stock up on supplies?
The Canary Islands
Where did Columbus think he had arrived?
The East Indies, the islands off the coast of Asia
Which ocean did Magellan name?
The Pacific, which means Peaceful
Which body of water is named after Magellan?
The Strait of Magellan to the Pacific
What is the Cape of Good Hope?
The area around the southernmost tip of Africa where Dias sailed
What was the Gold Coast?
The coast of West Africa - it was given this name because this area had so much gold
Who were the first men to circumnavigate?
The remaining 18 men from Magellan's crew
What was the reaction of the King and Queen of Spain to Columbus' achievement?
They decided to fund future voyages of Columbus They gave him title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea
Did people of 1400's believe that the world was flat or round?
They educated people thought it was round
Did Columbus claim new lands for Spain?
Yes he did and he also established new settlements
Did the Portuguese reach India?
Yes, much later in 1497
Who was Christopher Columbus?
an Italian explorer born in Genoa in 1451
Who did Prince Henry invite to the center for exploration?
astronomers, mathematicians and geographers to share their knowledge with the Portuguese shipbuilders and sailors
How long had Columbus and his men been at sea before they sailors began to worry?
After a month at sea
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Agreement between Spain and Portugal to move the Line of Demarcation farther to the West. It divided the entire unexplored world between Spain and Portugal
What didn't Columbus know about the maps?
1. that there was a huge landmass missing - America 2. That the oceans were much bigger
How many ships and sailors did Columbus take on his journey?
2 small ships - Nina and Pinta 1 large ship - Santa Maria 90 sailors
How far did Columbus believe that Asia was from Europe?
2,760 miles Ptolemy had underestimated the size of the Earth
How many additional voyages did Columbus make and where did he go?
3 additional voyages: 1493, 1498 and 1502 He went to Caribbean Islands of Hispaniola, Cuba and Jamaica He also sailed along the coasts of Central America and Northern South America
How long did the voyage on the Pacific last for Magellan?
4 months
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
A Portuguese mariner
What did Queen Isabella promise to Columbus?
A share of any riches gained from lands he discovered on his way to Asia
How did Magellan's crew survive the Pacific ocean voyage?
They ran out of food and ate sawdust, rats and leather to survive
Where did the Vikings travel and when?
They sailed west and reached North America They sailed several centuries before Columbus
What did Spain and Portugal agree to do since they did not agree on the Line of Demarcation?
They signed the Treaty of Tordesillas
What did the Portuguese explorers accomplish?
They traded for gold and ivory and established trading posts. They also started buying slaves
What did the Spanish want to find in 1519 and who did they hire?
They wanted to find a sea route to Asia that went through or around South America. They hired Ferdinand Magellan
What did the Spanish people focus on doing for most of the 1400's?
To get the muslims out of their country
Who was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas?
Vasco Nunez de Balboa, governor of a Spanish town in present day Panama.
Which Portuguese explorer reached India?
Vasco da Gama, with 4 ships and an Arab pilot who knew the Indian ocean well
Who was Leif Eriksson?
Viking sailor who explored a land west of Greenland, known as Vinland
What are the Caribbean Islands referred to as?
West Indies
