US History Chapter 5
What was the purpose of the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902?
To irrigate and develop Western lands for business and habitation
What was progressivism?
a set of responses to the problems caused by economic expansion and industrialization
Journalists who exposed corruption and terrible social corruption were called
muckrakers
What did progressives think needed to play a more active role in solving society's problems?
the government
What three political reforms did progressives push for in state legislatures to make elected officials more responsive to voters?
the initiative, the referendum and the recall
What was one effect progressivism had on the American public's opinion of government?
Americans expected government to regulate the economy and deal with social issues directly.
In the coal strike of 1902, the United Mine Workers agreed to accept ______________________, a settlement negotiated by an outside party, but the mine owners refused.
Arbitration
What were Roosevelt's views on environmental issues?
He believed that natural resources must be conserved.
Taft set up the Bureau of Mines to monitor the activities of mining companies, protect waterpower sites from private development, and
Expand the national forests
Progressives were pleased with William Howard Taft for pushing through the Payne-Aldrich Tariff.
False
The most conspicuous limit to progressivism came in its failure to address economic reform issues.
False
Woodrow Wilson entered politics as a firm conservative.
False
Woodrow Wilson wanted the Federal Trade Commission to break up big business.
False
In order to provide security for bank customers and oversight of U.S. banks, Wilson supported the creation of the __________.
Federal Reserve
How did Roosevelt try to ensure that trusts were both fair to the public and allowed to operate efficiently?
He created the Department of Commerce and Labor to investigate their practices.
How did Woodrow Wilson gain a solid reputation as a progressive?
He enacted many progressive reforms as governor of New Jersey.
How did Governor La Follette reform the political party system in Wisconsin?
He helped pass a law requiring direct selection of political candidates through a primary.
During the 1902 Coal Strike, how did Roosevelt end the dispute between the union and coal mine owners?
He invited both groups to work together in arbitration.
How did Wilson attempt to prompt American businesses to become more efficient and competitive in the global market?
He lowered the tariff on imported goods by 30 percent.
How did President Roosevelt deal with what he saw as the creation of a monopoly by JP Morgan's Northern Securities?
He ordered the attorney general to file a lawsuit, which eventually reached the Supreme Court.
What was one of the greatest failures of progressivism as a social and political movement?
It failed to address racial, ethnic and religious discrimination in the country
What was the progressive stance toward municipal government?
It needed to be run more efficiently using business principles
What was the significance of Taft signing the Payne-Aldrich Tariff into law?
Many progressives felt betrayed and turned against him
Wisconsin became a model of political reform under the leadership of...
Robert M. La Follette.
How did Taft's handling of US Steel differ from the policies of Theodore Roosevelt?
Roosevelt encouraged regulation of trusts; Taft sought to destroy them
One principle of progressivism was its strong belief that
Scientific principles could alleviate social problems
Theodore Roosevelt's progressive policies became known as _____.
The Square Deal
What event prompted Congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act in 1906?
The publication and popularity of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle
By intervening in the labor dispute surrounding the coal strike of 1902, Roosevelt took the first step toward establishing the federal government as an honest broker between powerful groups in society.
True
By the end of the Progressive Era, Americans expected the government, particularly the federal government, to play a more active role in regulating the economy and solving social problems.
True
In international affairs, Theodore Roosevelt was a Social Darwinist.
True
In the election of 1912, Woodrow Wilson called his program the New Freedom.
True
Theodore Roosevelt believed that most trusts benefited the economy and breaking them up would do more harm than good.
True
William Howard Taft brought many more antitrust cases during his term than Theodore Roosevelt did during his presidency.
True
What law reduced the average tariff on imported goods to about 30 percent of the value of the goods?
Underwood-simmons act
Who was Roosevelt's desired successor to the presidency during the 1908 election?
William Howard Taft
How did Roosevelt and Wilson differ in their beliefs about how government should handle monopolies?
Wilson believed monopolies should be destroyed while Roosevelt favored regulation.
The Keating-Owen Act was passed in order to regulate
child labor
Progressives joined union leaders to pressure states for workers' __________ laws that would establish insurance funds for injured workers.
compensation
In what area did Taft's contributions equal or surpass Roosevelt's?
conservation
To counter Senate corruption, Progressives called for the __________ election of senators by all state voters rather than election by the state legislatures.
direct
Theodore Roosevelt warned William Howard Taft that tariff reform would
divide the Republican party
Progressives supported proposals to reform city government, including a commission plan that put city departments under an __________ commissioner's control.
expert
To restore public confidence in the banking system, Wilson supported the establishment of a
federal reserve system
Wilson believed that the result of Roosevelt's policies toward trusts _____
gave the government too much power over the economy.
What was the primary goal of the Prohibition Movement?
laws banning the manufacture, sale and consummation of alcohol
Jacob Riis's book How the Other Half Lives was an example of what Theodore Roosevelt called...
muckraking
One provision of the Clayton Antitrust Act banned
price discrimination
The Adamson Act established an eight-hour workday for
railroad workers
Which progressive government reform allowed voters to vote directly on proposed laws?
referendum
One reason Progressives believed people could improve society was because they had a strong faith in __________ and technology.
science
Theodore Roosevelt supported the Republican nomination from William Howard Taft in the 1908 election after Taft has served as his
secretary of war
The Board of Governors of the regional banks had the power to _____.
set national interest rates and regulate the circulation of currency.
One important provision in the Underwood Tariff Act of 1913 that affected individuals directly was _____.
the institution of an income tax on individual earnings
What two ideas did progressives propose to help properly manage principle government?
to appoint commissions with expert leaders and hire a city manager to oversee the city's operations
Wilson supported the creation of the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, in order to prevent companies from engaging in _____.
unfair trade practices that limited competition
Alice Paul was arrested after picketing the White House, an example of her attempts to...
use protests to force suffrage
How were women eventually granted the right to vote?
with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the constitution
On August 26, 1920, after three-fourths of the states had voted to ratify it, the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteeing __________ the right to vote went into effect.
women
What was the primary concern of female progressives?
women suffrage
