U.S History Exam 1 Review

Which statement about blacks and freedom in the Revolutionary era is FALSE? a. After the Revolution, emancipation in the North was swift and all-encompassing. b. "Freedom petitions" were presented by slaves in New England beginning in the early 1770s. c. The number of runaway slaves, as measured by newspaper advertisements, rose dramatically. d. Many blacks were surprised that white America did not realize their rhetoric of revolution demanded emancipation. e. The language of liberty echoed in slave communities, North and South.

a. After the Revolution, emancipation in the North was swift and all-encompassing.

Exploring the North American interior in the 1500s, __________ was the first European to encounter the immense herds of buffalo that roamed the Great Plains. a. Francisco Vásquez de Coronado b. Hernando de Soto c. Jacques Marquette d. Juan Ponce de León e. Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo

a. Francisco Vásquez de Coronado

Why did European exploration of the New World proceed so rapidly after Columbus's discoveries? a. Gutenberg's invention of the printing press enabled the rapid dissemination of information. b. England, France, and Spain united to fund exploration, eliminating one of the problems that Columbus had faced. c. Spain was determined to protect the Native Americans against Protestant missionaries from rival European states, inspiring the government to fund numerous expeditions. d. The amount of gold that Columbus brought back to Spain was so inspiring that other countries inevitably followed suit. e. The Dutch became involved and had more money than other countries to finance expeditions, so those other countries worked together and raced against the Dutch for control.

a. Gutenberg's invention of the printing press enabled the rapid dissemination of information.

What geographic error did Columbus make? a. He grossly underestimated the size of the earth. b. He thought the earth was not round, but flat. c. He was certain that India was east of the Americas. d. He expected the weather in India to be the same as in the North Atlantic. e. He confused the Atlantic Ocean with the Indian Ocean.

a. He grossly underestimated the size of the earth.

Which one of the following statements is true of the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlán? a. It had a complex system of canals, bridges, and dams, with the Great Temple at the center. b. It was located in the dense jungle of the Yucatan Peninsula. c. Its defeat was due to its leader surrendering too soon to Hernán Cortés, who was in fact outnumbered and outgunned. d. Technologically and architecturally, it was so far behind European capitals that its defeat was certain. e. It had the New World's first mass transit system.

a. It had a complex system of canals, bridges, and dams, with the Great Temple at the center.

Which one of the following statements about Spanish America is true? a. Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture—part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African. b. Mestizos enjoyed much political freedom and held most of the high government positions. c. Spaniards outnumbered the Indian inhabitants after fifty years of settlement. d. The Catholic Church played only a minor role in Spanish America. e. Spanish America was very rural and had few urban centers.

a. Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture—part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African.

In establishing New Amsterdam, the Dutch effectively declared their independence from this European nation: a. Spain b. Holland c. France d. England e. Canada

a. Spain

The Spanish set up outposts from Florida to South Carolina in part because: a. Spanish missionaries hoped to convert local Native Americans to Christianity. b. English colonists from Virginia were attacking Spanish settlements. c. they sought to prevent the escape of African slaves to English colonies located north and east of the Savannah River. d. the discovery of gold mines in central Florida meant that other powers were likely to encroach on Spanish territories. e. they needed to protect St. Augustine, which became the capital of New Spain in 1542.

a. Spanish missionaries hoped to convert local Native Americans to Christianity

Which of the following is true of slavery? a. The English word "slavery" derives from "Slav," reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century. b. Christians never were enslaved. c. The Roman Empire outlawed it, but it revived, thanks to Columbus. d. It was nonexistent in Africa until the arrival of European slave traders. e. In every culture in which it existed, it was based on the needs of large-scale agriculture.

a. The English word "slavery" derives from "Slav," reflecting the slave trade in Slavic peoples until the fifteenth century.

How did Spain justify enslaving Native Americans? a. The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization. b. Pope Alexander VI had approved Spanish slavery but banned slavery in Portuguese holdings in the New World. c. The writings of Bartolomé de Las Casas explained that the Bible approved slavery and that therefore it was acceptable. d. If England and France were to be defeated in the quest for empire, Spain needed to take a step they had avoided—imposing slavery upon the native population. e. The Spanish actually never enslaved Native Americans; the charge that they did was simply part of the Black Legend spread by the English and other enemies.

a. The Spanish believed that enslavement could liberate Native Americans from their backwardness and savagery and introduce them to Christian civilization.

John Locke's political philosophy stressed: a. a contract system between the people and the government. b. the necessity of the monarch having absolute power. c. that mercantilism was necessary for a strong nation. d. religious toleration for all. e. that strong government prevented a "war of all against all."

a. a contract system between the people and the government.

A consequence of the English Civil War of the 1640s was: a. an English belief that England was the world's guardian of liberty. b. an increase in the power of the Stuart kings. c. the establishment of Plymouth Colony. d. the signing of the Magna Carta. e. the outbreak of war between Spain and England.

a. an English belief that England was the world's guardian of liberty.

What did Junípero Serra hope to do in California? a. convert Indians to Christianity and to settled farming b. explore the Sacramento River basin to find gold c. claim the land for Spain and earn the praise of Queen Isabella d. stop the common practice of using Indians as forced laborers e. take over the Russian trading post at what is now Santa Barbara

a. convert Indians to Christianity and to settled farming

Adam Smith recorded in 1776 that the "two greatest and most important" events in the history of mankind were the: a. discovery of America and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia. b. discovery of America and the beginning of the slave trade. c. birth of mercantilism and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia. d. beginning of the slave trade and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia. e. discovery of America and the birth of mercantilism.

a. discovery of America and the Portuguese sea route around Africa to Asia.

Before the arrival of Columbus, Native North Americans: a. had elaborate trade networks. b. were entirely agricultural and rural. c. across the continent were very similar in their political and religious beliefs. d. always lived in small family units. e. lived only in coastal areas.

a. had elaborate trade networks.

When he died, this possession of Anthony Johnson's could not be willed to his son: a. his land b. his name c. his library d. his slaves e. his gold

a. his land

The Massachusetts General Court: a. reflected the Puritans' desire to govern the colony without outside interference. b. was chosen by the king. c. was chosen by the governor. d. ruled the colony from its beginnings in 1630. e. by law had to consist of a majority of Puritan judges.

a. reflected the Puritans' desire to govern the colony without outside interference.

In England, social inequality: a. was part of a hierarchical society. b. did not keep British subjects from enjoying the same degree of individual freedom. c. did not mean that there was economic inequality. d. was banned under the doctrine of coverture. e. prompted Henry VIII's break with the Catholic Church.

a. was part of a hierarchical society.

Olaudah Equiano: a. wrote the eighteenth century's most widely read account by a slave of a slave's own experiences. b. was popular with Europeans for telling them that their culture was far superior to that of Africans like himself. c. demonstrated in his writings that he perfectly fit the stereotype that blacks were savages incapable of becoming civilized. d. led several Central American slave insurrections before his death. e. was one of the few children of African-American and Native American descent ever to be the chief of his Indian tribe.

a. wrote the eighteenth century's most widely read account by a slave of a slave's own experiences.

In Virginia, the shift from poor white indentured workers to African slave labor came in the aftermath of this movement: a. Whiskey Rebellion b. Bacon's Rebellion c. Nat Turner's Rebellion d. Stono Rebellion e. The Great Awakening

b. Bacon's Rebellion

The city situated along the Mississippi River with between 10,000 and 30,000 residents in the year 1200 is today known as: a. Poverty Point. b. Cahokia. c. Pueblo Bonita. d. Iroquois. e. Tenochtitlán.

b. Cahokia.

The "Zenger Case" serves as an early example of this American freedom: a. Freedom of Religion b. Freedom of the Press c. Freedom of Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness d. Freedom to vote e. Freedom to own property

b. Freedom of the Press

What was the impact of King Philip's War (1675-1676)? a. New England's tribes united against the colonists. b. In the long run the war produced a broadening of freedom for whites in New England. c. Native Americans up and down the eastern seaboard began rebelling against colonial rule when they saw what happened to their New England counterparts. d. Massachusetts banned all Native Americans from living within its borders. e. Great Britain formed the New England Confederation to protect against Native American depredations.

b. In the long run the war produced a broadening of freedom for whites in New England.

"The Starving Time" referred to the winter of 1609 in a. Massachusetts Bay b. Jamestown c. Roanoke d. Santa Fe e. Plymouth Colony

b. Jamestown

In approximately 7000 BCE, agriculture developed in the Americas in: a. the Mississippi Valley. b. Mexico and Peru. c. the Yucatan Peninsula. d. Chesapeake Bay. e. Brazil.

b. Mexico and Peru.

Which one of the following is true of religion in seventeenth-century Europe? a. Religious uniformity had nothing to do with ideas about public order. b. Religious uniformity was thought to be essential to public order. c. Wars were fought over the right of an individual to religious freedom. d. The churches condemned dissenters, but the governments protected them. e. Few nations had established churches.

b. Religious uniformity was thought to be essential to public order.

In establishing New Amsterdam, the Dutch effectively declared their independence from this European nation: a. Holland b. Spain c. England d. Amsterdam e. Portugal

b. Spain

According to Bartolomé de Las Casas: a. Spain needed to institute a more humane system of Native American slavery in order to avoid offending Pope Paul III. b. Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World. c. despite his opposition to slavery, he needed to keep his slaves so that he would have time to devote to working for abolition and emancipation. d. slavery needed to be eliminated entirely from the Earth. e. converting Native Americans to anything but Catholicism would lead to their death.

b. Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World.

The first English Navigation Act, adopted during the rule of Oliver Cromwell: a. required the Royal Navy to use only Protestant navigators on its ships. b. aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch. c. freed England's North American colonies from economic regulations (in order to stimulate prosperity). d. added New Netherland to the British empire. e. authorized several mapmaking expeditions to the New World.

b. aimed to wrest control of world trade from the Dutch

In their relations with Native Americans, the Dutch: a. sought to imitate the Spanish. b. concentrated more on economics than religious conversion. c. tried to drive Native Americans into the Puritan colony. d. avoided warfare at all costs. e. called them members of a deceitful race.

b. concentrated more on economics than religious conversion.

The Pueblo Indian uprising of 1680: a. followed their leader Popé's arrest for engaging in sexual relations with a non-Native American woman. b. helped lead to the most complete victory for Native Americans over Europeans. c. was based entirely on economic factors. d. was the work of one Native American tribe. e. began a long tradition of cooperation between New Mexico's tribes.

b. helped lead to the most complete victory for Native Americans over Europeans.

As colonization began, the European idea of freedom: a. was enjoyed by a large portion of the population. b. included the idea of abandoning sin to embrace the teachings of Jesus Christ. c. included a few narrowly defined rights and privileges. d. would be completely unrecognizable to those alive today. e. embraced the view that Indians deserved liberty, too.

b. included the idea of abandoning sin to embrace the teachings of Jesus Christ.

In Europe on the eve of colonization, one conception of freedom, called "Christian liberty," a. was a set of ideas today known as "religious toleration." b. mingled ideas of freedom with servitude to Jesus Christ—concepts that were seen as mutually reinforcing. c. found expression in countries dominated by Catholics but not in primarily Protestant ones. d. argued that all Christians should have equal political rights. e. referred to the policy of trying to overthrow any non-Christian regime around the world.

b. mingled ideas of freedom with servitude to Jesus Christ—concepts that were seen as mutually reinforcing.

In the Chesapeake region, slavery: a. was geographically restricted to the Tidewater area until transportation improved in the nineteenth century. b. rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680. c. was the labor system preferred by planters as early as the 1620s. d. allowed planters to make vast profits from cotton and rice as well as from tobacco. e. was so widely practiced that nearly three-fifths of white households in 1770 included a slave owner.

b. rapidly became the dominant labor system after 1680.

The repartimiento system established by the Spanish in the mid-1500s: a. officially designated Indians in New Spain as slaves of European colonists. b. recognized Indians as free but required them to perform a fixed amount of labor. c. gave voting rights in local assemblies to mestizos but not to peninsulares. d. required all Indians to convert to Catholicism or face execution. e. set up a system of local courts of law that proved essential to Spanish rule in Peru.

b. recognized Indians as free but required them to perform a fixed amount of labor.

British possessions in the West Indies: a. all fell into the hands of the French, either through conquest or treaty, as a result of the American Revolution. b. remained loyal to the crown during the American Revolution because their leaders feared slave uprisings. c. were divided during the American Revolution: some islands sent regiments to the Continental army, while others proudly fought for the king. d. issued their own declarations of independence in the late 1770s. e. were handed over to the new United States in the Treaty of Paris.

b. remained loyal to the crown during the American Revolution because their leaders feared slave uprisings.

At Anne Hutchinson's trial: a. her argument on her own behalf swayed the jury. b. she violated Puritan doctrine by claiming that God spoke to her directly rather than through ministers or the Bible. c. she was acquitted, but was so displeased with her treatment that she left the colony for Rhode Island. d. Governor John Winthrop was critical of her but admitted that she was an impressive antagonist. e. Roger Williams served as her attorney.

b. she violated Puritan doctrine by claiming that God spoke to her directly rather than through ministers or the Bible.

The transatlantic flow of people and goods such as corn, potatoes, horses, and sugarcane is called: a. globalization. b. the Columbian Exchange. c. the Great Circuit. d. the Atlantic system. e. trade.

b. the Columbian Exchange.

Pueblo Indians lived in what is now: a. the eastern United States. b. the southwestern United States. c. Mexico. d. the northeastern United States. e. Central America.

b. the southwestern United States.

Captain Jacob Leisler, the head of the rebel militia that took control of New York in 1689: a. was a close ally of Sir Edmund Andros, who was trying to regain control of the Dominion of New England. b. was overthrown and killed in so grisly a manner that the rivalry between his friends and foes polarized New York politics for years. c. was knighted for his role in supporting the Glorious Revolution. d. sought to impose Catholic rule but was defeated by a Protestant militia in a short but bloody civil war. e. slaughtered so many Native Americans that wars between whites and the remaining tribes kept New York in an uproar for the next two decades.

b. was overthrown and killed in so grisly a manner that the rivalry between his friends and foes polarized New York politics for years.

The first French explorations of the New World: a. brought great riches to France. b. were intended to locate the Northwest Passage. c. led to successful colonies in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. d. were in response to an intense rivalry with the Netherlands. e. created no permanent settlements until the eighteenth century.

b. were intended to locate the Northwest Passage.

Native American religious ceremonies: a. had nothing to do with farming or hunting. b. were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things. c. were designed to show that supernatural forces must control man. d. were the same in every community. e. did not exist until arriving Europeans insisted on knowing about Native American customs.

b. were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things.

Fleesing this country in order to escape persecution, the first Jews arrived in New Amsterdam in 1654. a. Belgium b. Burmuda c. Brazil d. Russia e. England

c. Brazil

What role did religion play in Columbus's explorations? a. None whatsoever. b. Columbus was determined to convert Native Americans to Christianity. c. Catholics in Spain and Italy supported his expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade. d. Columbus benefited from Ferdinand and Isabella's efforts to promote tolerance in Spain. e. Spain wanted Columbus to find a refuge for the Jews the king was driving out of the country.

c. Catholics in Spain and Italy supported his expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade.

Which of the following is true of Spain's explorations of the New World? a. Individual conquistadores always traveled alone. b. Members of the Spanish parties suffered greatly from disease. c. Florida was the first region in the present-day United States that Spain colonized. d. Spain sought to forestall Portuguese incursions into the New World. e. Spain's explorations had no impact on the size of the Native American population.

c. Florida was the first region in the present-day United States that Spain colonized.

In a landmark case, John Peter Zenger was sued when he used his newspaper to accuse New York's political leaders of corruption. Zenger was found "Not Guilty" because: a. He was Jewish b. He was a Protestant c. His accusations were true d. His own father was the judge e. The jury was bribed

c. His accusations were true

How did the new Massachusetts charter of 1691 change that colony's government? a. Puritans were required to permit religious tolerance of all Christian denominations. b. It eliminated town government, which had been the heart of Puritan control of the commonwealth. c. It made Massachusetts a royal colony rather than under the control of Puritan "saints." d. It required all judges to be Anglican, greatly reducing Puritan influence over the three branches of government. e. It moved the seat of government to Salem, which contributed greatly to the problems involving witchcraft.

c. It made Massachusetts a royal colony rather than under the control of Puritan "saints."

In 1517, the German priest __________ began the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses, which accused the Catholic Church of worldliness and corruption. a. Martin Buber b. Ulrich Zwingli c. Martin Luther d. Reinhold Niebuhr e. Johannes Gutenberg

c. Martin Luther

Europeans tended to think which one of the following about Native Americans and their cultures? a. All Native Americans were gentle and friendly. b. Native Americans worshiped the same God that Europeans did, although they called him by different names. c. Native Americans failed to make use of the land, so it was acceptable for Europeans to take it and use it. d. Because Native American men engaged in masculine pursuits such as hunting and fishing, Indian gender divisions were acceptable. e. Native American cultures were actually superior to those of Europeans.

c. Native Americans failed to make use of the land, so it was acceptable for Europeans to take it and use it.

The Albany Plan of Union was supported by: a. All of the original 13 colonies b. Kentucky and Virginia c. None of the colonies d. New York and Massachusetts e. New York alone

c. None of the colonies

The Black Legend described: a. the Aztecs' view of Cortés. b. English pirates along the African coast. c. Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer. d. Portugal as a vast trading empire. e. Indians as savages.

c. Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer.

How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans? a. It didn't; Native Americans were already hunting beaver and buffalo for their skins. b. Native Americans benefited economically but were able to avoid getting caught in European conflicts and rivalries. c. The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society. d. The English and French quests for beaver pelts prompted a surge in the Native American population. e. It forced Native Americans to learn new trapping techniques that were far superior to their old ways.

c. The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society.

Why was slavery less prevalent in the northern colonies? a. Northern whites were not as racist as southern whites. b. It was too expensive to transport slaves to the North. c. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves. d. More reformers lived in the North. e. The northern colonies used Indian labor instead.

c. The small farms of the northern colonies did not need slaves.

As slave society consolidated in the Chesapeake region, what happened to free blacks? a. Their population grew rapidly through natural reproduction. b. They retained the same rights because they were free. c. They lost many of their rights. d. They bought increasing numbers of plantations. e. The British government ordered the colonies to treat them better.

c. They lost many of their rights.

In the seventeenth century, New England's economy: a. boasted a significant manufacturing component that employed close to one-third of all men. b. suffered because most early settlers were poor and could not gain access to land. c. centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber. d. grew at a very slow rate because few settlers moved to the region. e. relied heavily on indentured servants in the labor force.

c. centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber.

French Canada: a. was a very democratic colony. b. was founded by Jesuit priests who were working as fur traders as a way to meet and convert Native Americans. c. consisted mainly of male colonists. d. had, by 1700, twice as many colonists as all the English North American colonies combined. e. gave the French a world monopoly on fur production.

c. consisted mainly of male colonists.

The ritual sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs: a. occurred one at a time and therefore were minimal. b. prompted most Aztecs to oppose their leaders, who opposed the sacrifices. c. disgusted Europeans despite their own practices of publicly executing criminals and burning witches at the stake. d. were always held at an arena in Tenochtitlán that resembled the Roman Colosseum. e. cost the Spanish several hundred men before Cortés conquered the Aztecs.

c. disgusted Europeans despite their own practices of publicly executing criminals and burning witches at the stake.

Tobacco plantations in the Chesapeake region: a. were so profitable that by the mid-eighteenth century their owners became the wealthiest people in British North America. b. did not have any slaves on small farms. c. helped make the Chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism. d. were far less successful than tobacco plantations that developed in the lower southern colonies. e. were known throughout the world as models of how slaves should be treated.

c. helped make the Chesapeake colonies models of mercantilism.

Henry Hudson: a. set sail into the bay that bears his name as a representative of the British empire. b. was searching for the Pacific Coast. c. hoped to find the Northwest Passage to Asia. d. set up a Dutch colony based on the idea of consent of the governed. e. was the architect of the Dutch overseas empire.

c. hoped to find the Northwest Passage to Asia.

Both the Aztec and Inca empires were: a. rural and poor. b. small in population, but sophisticated in infrastructure. c. large, wealthy, and sophisticated. d. large in geographic size, but sparsely populated. e. rural, with few impressive buildings.

c. large, wealthy, and sophisticated.

New France was characterized by: a. severe conflict between French settlers and the Indians. b. a well-defined line between Indian society and French society. c. more peaceful European-Indian relations than existed in New Spain. d. a Protestant missionary zeal to convert the Indians. e. its lack of devastating epidemics.

c. more peaceful European-Indian relations than existed in New Spain.

Which major event first led the British government to seek ways to make the colonies bear part of the cost of the empire? a. the Declaration of Independence b. King Philip's War c. the Seven Years' War d. the Boston Tea Party e. the appointment of William Pitt as British prime minister

c. the Seven Years' War

In 1746 William Tennent established the College of New Jersey for this purpose: a. to educate his own children b. to educate women c. to educate ministers d. to educate Native Americans e. to educate Catholic children

c. to educate ministers

North American crops and products: a. played only a small role in the British empire. b. were consumed entirely overseas. c. were part of a commercial trade network that knitted together a far-flung empire. d. compared unfavorably with those throughout the rest of the empire. e. led to numerous complaints to the parliamentary consumer advocate.

c. were part of a commercial trade network that knitted together a far-flung empire.

This Greek mathematician, geographer, and astronomer was the first person to accurately calculate the circumference of the Earth. a. Amerigo Vespucci b. Ptolemy c. Martin Waldseemuller d. Eratosthenes e. Aristotle

d. Eratosthenes

In what way was Puritan church membership a restrictive status? a. Only those who could prove they had received formal education could be members, because the ability to read and discuss sermons was so highly valued. b. Although all adult male property owners elected colonial officials, only men who were full church members could vote in local elections. c. Only property owners could be full members of the church. d. Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace. e. Full membership required that one's parents and grandparents had been church members.

d. Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace.

The language (with mixed African roots) spoken by African-American slaves on the rice plantations of South Carolina and Georgia during the eighteenth century was known as: a. Ashanti. b. Yoruba. c. Creole. d. Gullah. e. Ibo.

d. Gullah.

In 1519, who became the first European explorer to encounter the Aztec empire? a. Vasco da Gama. b. Ferdinand Magellan. c. John Cabot. d. Hernán Cortés. e. Francisco Pizzaro.

d. Hernán Cortés.

Which of the following was NOT a technique that Spanish conquistadores used to conquer Native American empires? a. Kidnapping a leader and holding him for ransom. b. Dividing and conquering them by taking advantage of old rivalries. c. Relying upon the spread of diseases, even though they may not have been introduced intentionally. d. Negotiating treaties. e. Using their superior military technology.

d. Negotiating treaties.

The Jesuit religious order was particularly influential in: a. New Netherland. b. Brazil. c. England. d. New France. e. Cuba.

d. New France.

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded: a. Montreal. b. New York. c. Champlain. d. Quebec. e. Albany.

d. Quebec.

Which one of the following is true of religion in seventeenth-century Europe? a. Few nations had established churches. b. The churches condemned dissenters, but the governments protected them. c. Wars were fought over the right of an individual to religious freedom. d. Religious uniformity was thought to be essential to public order. e. Religious uniformity had nothing to do with ideas about public order.

d. Religious uniformity was thought to be essential to public order.

Of colonists in British North America, which group was the wealthiest? a. Philadelphia merchants b. Boston political elite c. Virginia tobacco farmers d. South Carolina rice planters e. New York merchants

d. South Carolina rice planters

Which of the following statements is true about the early history of Jamestown? a. John Smith took the credit, but he had nothing to do with Jamestown's success. b. The supplies from England were excellent, but the colonists wasted them. c. The first settlers were farmers and laborers who were so eager to make money that they refused to work and could not be controlled. d. The death rate was extraordinarily high. e. The colony's problems were due largely to its leadership: the same people remained in charge for the first two decades and refused to change their methods.

d. The death rate was extraordinarily high.

Why did Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh fail in their attempts to colonize the New World? a. They tried to mingle Protestants and Catholics, who were unable to get along. b. They tried to set up colonies on the coast of Florida, and the Spanish fought off their attempts. c. They were more interested in agriculture than in trade, and they chose areas without good farmland. d. The government provided insufficient financial support. e. Native Americans attacked the settlers, driving them from the land.

d. The government provided insufficient financial support.

Who was Phillis Wheatley? a. a slave who helped dozens of other slaves escape to freedom behind British lines b. a woman who, disguised as a man, died while fighting during the Yorktown campaign c. a pamphleteer whose ringing protests reminded Bostonians that women, too, cared about liberty d. a poet who wrote about how African-Americans felt about freedom e. a fund-raiser for the Ladies' Association, whose efforts fed nearly starving men at Valley Forge

d. a poet who wrote about how African-Americans felt about freedom

"Coverture" refers to: a. a woman's responsibility to wear a scarf covering her head when in public. b. knowing your place in society, especially at church when sitting in the pews. c. a tax one pays on one's property that is assessed quarterly. d. a woman surrendering her legal identity when she marries. e. a binding legal agreement between an indentured servant and his or her master.

d. a woman surrendering her legal identity when she marries.

Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as: a. dangerous to the individual but good for the community. b. good, because Massachusetts Bay leaders welcomed debate over religion. c. vital, because they had been discouraged from enjoying these back in England. d. dangerous to social harmony and community stability. e. important, but they banned neighbors from reporting on one another, because that would breed division that could harm the community.

d. dangerous to social harmony and community stability.

When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island: a. he felt that too much democracy would be bad because it might interfere with religious freedom. b. he required voters there to be members of a Puritan church. c. the king refused to give it a charter, and it remained a renegade colony until Williams died. d. he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay. e. the colony became a haven for Protestants of all kinds, but it banned Jews.

d. he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay.

Many different ethnic groups became intertwined families as a result of a. commerce b. religion c. politics d. intermarriage e. travel

d. intermarriage

The development of rice plantations in South Carolina: a. occurred only after the colony's planters unsuccessfully sought to cultivate tobacco, sugarcane, and indigo. b. required such large capital investments that Carolina's planters never became as wealthy as those in the Chesapeake region. c. would have proven impossible without the importation of thousands of European indentured servants to serve as a labor force. d. led to a black majority in that colony by the 1730s. e. is considered by most historians to be the most important cause of the Yamasee War.

d. led to a black majority in that colony by the 1730s.

The German migration to the English colonies: a. was unusual because few Germans left their part of Europe during the American colonial era. b. consisted mainly of single young males, as with their counterparts who migrated from England. c. was mainly to Maryland, because most of the German immigrants were Catholic. d. led to the formation of many farming communities. e. led to the separation of church and state.

d. led to the formation of many farming communities.

William Bradford, an English Quaker, established New York's first a. library b. bank c. school d. newspaper e. church

d. newspaper

Anne Hutchinson: a. was no threat to the Puritan establishment because women were so clearly considered inferior. b. angered Puritan authorities by supporting the claims of Roger Williams. c. engaged in Antinomianism, a sexual practice that the Puritans considered threatening to traditional gender relations. d. opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace. e. would have been left alone if she had not also run for a seat in the General Court.

d. opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace.

The economy of the Carolina colony: a. was based on plantation agriculture from the beginning. b. immediately proved profitable because of its reliance upon rice. c. was exactly the same as that of Barbados. d. originally centered on cattle-raising and trade. e. had nothing to do with slavery.

d. originally centered on cattle-raising and trade.

Europeans—particularly the English, French, and Dutch—generally claimed North American Indian land as their own based on: a. the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494. b. the biblical story of Noah's division of the world among his sons. c. financial transactions between Indian peoples and themselves. d. their view that Indians did not use the land properly. e. various papal decrees that privileged the claims of European Christians over those of Indian "heathens."

d. their view that Indians did not use the land properly.

The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century: a. had engaged in settled village life only briefly before the Spanish arrived. b. had been almost completely isolated from any other people before the Spanish arrived. c. used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production. d. were called mound builders for the burial mounds they created. e. created a vast empire that included control of the Incas.

d. were called mound builders for the burial mounds they created.

This plan was put forward in 1754 during the early stage of the French and Indian War and called for an intercolonial union to manage Indian affairs and the defense of the colonies: a. Bacon's Rebellion b. King Philip's War c. Declaration of Independence d. Charter of Virginia e. Albany Plan of Union

e. Albany Plan of Union

Which one of the following was true of French relations with Native Americans? a. The French appropriated significant amounts of land for fur trading. b. The French were proud that they were considered tougher on Indians than their English and Spanish counterparts. c. The French sent nuns to try to Christianize the natives, because they understood that gender relations were different among Native Americans than they were among whites. d. Native Americans resented that the French had no need for their help in the fur trade. e. Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans, but gave them far more independence than did Spanish missionaries.

e. Jesuit missionaries tried to convert Native Americans, but gave them far more independence than did Spanish missionaries

Puritans followed the religious ideas of the French-born theologian: a. Martin Guerre. b. Jacques Baptiste. c. Charles LeGrand. d. Ulrich Zwingli. e. John Calvin.

e. John Calvin.

Which of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland? a. The colony's elected assembly enjoyed greater rights of self-government than any English colonial legislative body. b. The Dutch commitment to liberty prompted the colony to ban slavery there. c. Religious intolerance led the Dutch to ban all Jewish peoples from the colony. d. Of all of the colonies in the New World, New Netherland required the longest period of service from indentured servants. e. Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands.

e. Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands.

Established in 1584 by Walter Raleigh, this was the first English colony in North America. a. Massachusetts Bay b. Boston c. New Amsterdam d. Jamestown e. Roanoke

e. Roanoke

The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was: a. Tucson. b. Albuquerque. c. El Paso. d. San Diego. e. Santa Fe.

e. Santa Fe.

The successful planting of this on both sides of the James River led to the "Great Uprising" in 1622. a. Sugar b. Molasses c. Rice d. Cotton e. Tobacco

e. Tobacco

Which of the following fits the description of a person most likely to have been accused of witchcraft in seventeenth-century New England? a. a married woman who normally was subservient to her husband and the community, which made her behavior seem all the more bizarre b. a married woman who had just lost a child c. a widow who presumably was too lonely or too dependent on the community to be taken seriously, but who had to be tried and convicted to keep others from thinking similarly d. a single young woman whose attractiveness meant that some saw her as a threat to Puritan values e. a woman beyond childbearing age who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband

e. a woman beyond childbearing age who was outspoken, economically independent, or estranged from her husband

The Spanish justified their claim to land in the New World through all of the following EXCEPT: a. believing that their culture was superior to that of the Indians. b. violence. c. a missionary zeal. d. a decree from the Pope. e. defeating the English fleet in 1588.

e. defeating the English fleet in 1588.

In 1492, the Native American population: a. was at least 100 million. b. lived exclusively in villages of no more than 1,000 individuals. c. declined catastrophically due to exposure to the Black Plague. d. lived mostly in what is today the United States. e. lived mostly in Central and South America.

e. lived mostly in Central and South America.

Bartolomé de Las Casas argued that Indians: a. could be enslaved because they lacked true religion. b. were more akin to beasts than humans. c. should overthrow their cruel Spanish masters and reestablish the Inca and Aztec empires. d. were treated well by the Spanish. e. should enjoy "all guarantees of liberty and justice" as subjects of Spain.

e. should enjoy "all guarantees of liberty and justice" as subjects of Spain.

Which commodity drove the African slave trade in Brazil and the West Indies during the seventeenth century? a. tobacco b. indigo c. silver d. cotton e. sugar

e. sugar

North American crops and products: a. played only a small role in the British empire. b. compared unfavorably with those throughout the rest of the empire. c. led to numerous complaints to the parliamentary consumer advocate. d. were consumed entirely overseas. e. were part of a commercial trade network that knitted together a far-flung empire.

e. were part of a commercial trade network that knitted together a far-flung empire.