US History hon unit 2

Which amendment guaranteed the "equal protection" of the laws to all American citizens, including formerly enslaved individuals?

14th Amendment

Fourteenth Amendment

A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.

Carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

Debt Peonage

A system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer

The statement below was by Thaddeus Stevens, a Radical Republican leader. If African-American) suffrage is excluded in the rebel states, then every one of them is sure to send a (Democratic] representation to Congress and pass a solid (Democratic] electoral vote [for President]. What reason did Stevens give in this statement for granting voting rights to African Americans?

African Americans deserved to vote after contributing their unpaid laborfor centuries.

Johnson

Confederate leaders must seek personal pardons.

8. What was an important effect of the sharecropping system and debt peonage?

Freedmen often remained in a state of economic dependence on their former masters.

Reconstruction Act

It divided the South into 5 military zones

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Sharecropping

New system where freedmen age a share of their crops to the landowner in exchange for use of the land

Radical Republicans

Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war

%. What was a positive long-term impact of Radical Reconstruction on the South?

Public education systems were established for students of all races.

Impeachment of Johnson

Radical Republicans pass Tenure of Office Act... Johnson Impeached for violating act... saved from removal by one vote

Congressional Reconstruction

Republicans split... Radical Republicans want full rights to freedmen and no southerners in Congress.

Congressional Reconstruction • Created five districts and imposed martial law on the South.States had to ratify the 14th Amendment before readmission into the Union.Confederate leaders could not hold elected office. What was an immediate effect of the changes described above, which were implemented by Congressional Reconstruction?

The balance of power in Southern state governments shifted.

Thirteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.

Republicans

The political party of President Lincoln during the war that became divided over Reconstruction policies

Fifteenth Amendment

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

What was one impact of these issues on Republicans following the Civil War?

They disagreed over whether the President or Congress should set conditions for Reconstruction.

5. What impact did Radical Republicans in Congress have on Reconstruction?

They encouraged the freedmen to exercise their new political rights.

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties

Nadir

Worst period, In relations between races

6. Which is the best contemporary definition of a "carpetbagger"?

a Northerner who came to the South after the Civil War

13th Amendment (1865)

ends slavery

14th amendment

grants all citizens due process and equal protection

African American migration

migration of African americans during the 20th century from the rural south to the industrialized north.

Civil Rights Act of 1866 passes...

overturns black codes and grants full citizenship to freedman 14th amendment grants all citizens due process and PQUU protection

Lincoln

readmit south when 10% of voters pledge allegiance, recognize end of slavery.

Reconstruction

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

Suffrage

the right to vote, or to participate in government