US History Midterm
How did the Zimmermann Telegram contribute to U.S. involvement in World War I? A) It contained a promise by Germany for aid to help Mexico regain lost territory B) It revealed Germany's intention to invade Belgium C) It revealed Germany's responsibility for the assassination in the Balkans D) It revealed Germany's disagreement with Spain over the succession of the throne
A
How did the federal government pay for the costs of World War I? A) by raising taxes and selling war bonds B) by investing money lent by Britain and France C) by confiscating the property of German Americans D) by demanding free goods and services from American businesses
A
Long-Term Causes of WWI in Europe · Nationalism · Imperialism · Militarism · Which phrase completes the box? A) Entangling Alliance System B) Social Revolution C) Drought and Famine D) Worldwide Economic Depression
A
Read the following information about a movement associated with Washington Gladden and answer the question below "The Social Gospel Movement was a religious movement of the late 19th century. The ministers of this movement encouraged people to help other people, especially the less fortunate. This movement also stressed the idea that wealth should be shared with others." Which characteristic does this movement have in common with political machines A) providing aid to immigrants B) maintaining a strict hierarchy C) taking control of local governments D) controlling the outcome of elections
A
The information below lists several major strikes in the late 19th century · Homestead Strike (1892) · Pullman Strike (1894) · Coal Mine Strike (1902) How were these major strikes similar? A) They ended in important defeats for organized labor B) They were stopped by the intervention of the U.S. Army C) They were secretly organized by the American Socialist Party D) They led to armed conflicts between workers and the Pinkertons
A
To receive a pardon under Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan, Southerners had to take an oath of loyalty to the United States. What did Southerners have to agree to under this plan? A) to never secede again B) to accept slaves were now free C) to set up schools for freedmen D) to pay damages to the North
A
What message is the cartoonist sending by portraying the monopolists as larger in size than the senators? A) The monopolists have more power to influence the government B) The monopolists represent the majority of the population C) The monopolists work harder D) The monopolists voice the concerns of the people more effectively
A
What role did Cuban-American communities in Florida play in the outbreak of the Spanish-American War? A) They contributed money to Jose Marti and other Cuban revolutionaries B) They secretly exploded the U.S.S. Maine to bring the U.S. to war C) They encouraged the government to build defensive fortifications around Tampa D) They brought Cuban methods of sugar production to Florida
A
What was the impact of the Dawes Act of 1887 on Native Americans? A) It eliminated Native American communal lands and destroyed tribal life B) It integrated the Native American population with newly arrived immigrants C) It granted full citizenship and equality for Native Americans in exchange for military service D) It strengthened the Native American culture by restoring reservation lands to tribal ownership
A
What was the main economic challenge faced by American farmers in the late 19th century? A) Agricultural overproduction led to falling prices for their crops B) The declining U.S. population led to reduced demand for food C) The arrival of European immigrants led to overcrowding on the Great Plains D) Intensive farming had reduced the prairies and Great Plains to fields of dust
A
What were the major consequences of the Civil War? A) the end of slavery and a strengthening of the power of the federal government B) recognition of the rights of states to leave the Union and to nullify federal laws C) an end to racial discrimination and establishment of social equality throughout the nation D) the abolition of slavery in all Northern states and in all federal territories north of 36 30' N
A
Which American plan helped to restore prosperity to Europe in the mid-1920s? A) Dawes Plan B) Marshall Plan C) Dollar Diplomacy D) Open-Door Policy
A
Which statement best describes the American labor movement in the late 19th century? A) Workers organized their own labor unions against harsh conditions despite public hostility B) Government officials encouraged workers to form labor unions C) Union leaders were unable to recruit members because most workers were satisfied with their conditions D) Disagreements between native-born and immigrant workers made the organization of labor unions almost impossible
A
How did most labor union members feel about the rapid influx of immigrants between 1870 and 1900? A) They worried that the costs of urban housing would go down B) They feared that immigrants might take their jobs for lower wages C) They welcomed the arrival of diverse peoples and different foods D) They hoped that the arrival of immigrants would bring more cultural activities to the United States
B
How did the Committee of Public Information prepare Americans for war during WWI? A) by overseeing wartime production B) by creating posters, newsreels, and pamphlets C) by raising money to help pay for the war effort D) by conscripting young men into the armed forces
B
How were the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 similar? A) Both permitted slavery across the North B) Both resolved disputes over whether to admit territories as new states C) Both limited the power of Congress to prohibit slavery in the territories D) Both included provisions for the return of the escaped slaves to their owners
B
Read the excerpt below from William Jennings Bryan "Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the street of every city in the country...We...answer...their demand for a gold standard by saying...You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold." Which economic policy did Bryan warn against in his speech? A) cooperatives B) the gold standard C) the "free silver" policy D) the separation of church and state
B
Read the following excerpt and answer the question below "Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled... ...that in all cases where any tribe or band of Indians has been... ...to allot the lands in said reservation in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows: To each head of a family, one-quarter of a section; To each single person over 18 years of age, one-eighth of a section; To each orphan child under 18 years of age, one-eighth of a section; and To each other single person under 18 years now living, or who may be born prior to the date of the order of the President directing an allotment of the lands embraced in any reservation, one-sixteenth of a section." Why was the Dawes Act a significant step towards assimilation of Native Americans? A) It allowed Native Americans to buy and sell land B) It granted land ownership to individual Native Americans C) It granted Native Americans the choice to accept the land or move to the city D) It provided economic assistance for Native American farmers to purchase land
B
The Venn diagram below compares two industrial revolutions Which best completes the diagram? A) Warfare Brings New Inventions B) Innovations Stimulate Economic Growth C) Foreign Competition Threatens Prosperity D) Government Subsidies Encourage Inventors
B
The cartoon below was published by Thomas Nast in the 1870s What is the view of the cartoonist about the power of Tammany Hall in New York City? A) New York City government was unaffected by Tammany Hall B) Tammany Hall maintained its power by falsifying vote counts in elections C) Immigrants were happy to vote for Tammany Hall to repay it for its services D) Many ordinary citizens felt powerful because Tammany Hall listened to them
B
The diagram below provides details about legislation during the Progressive Era Meat Inspection Act of 1906 ---> Impact ? Which phrase completes the diagram? A) Encouraged U.S. consumers to buy local beef B) Insured the safety of meat eaten by consumers C) Helped American ranchers by taxing foreign beef D) Led to public criticism of meat-packing processors
B
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by an State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude Which practices were introduced to Southern states after Reconstruction to avoid following this amendment? A) African American freedmen increased their participation in government in the nation's first experiment in biracial democracy B) Poll taxes, literacy tests, and residency requirements were passed, which affected African Americans more than other citizens C) White and black children in southern states were required to attend separate, racially segregated public schools, and to use separate play grounds D) "Jim Crow" laws imposed racial segregation in public places
B
What constitutional issue was addressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Schenck v. United States (1919)? A) freedom of religion in wartime B) the limits of free speech in wartime C) racial segregation in public schools D) whether specific ethnic groups could be lawfully interned in wartime
B
What was the main purpose of the reservation system? A) to make the new transcontinental railroad safer to operate B) to clear federal lands for settlement by railroads, ranchers, and farmers C) to provide employment for Union troops and veterans after the Civil War D) to make it easier for Indians to assimilate into mainstream American culture
B
What was the role of settlement houses in late 19th century America? A) They offered free education to former slaves in the South B) They offered English classes and other services to poor immigrants C) They provided favors for immigrants in exchange for receiving their votes in local elections D) They organized workers to achieve better conditions through strikes and collective bargaining
B
What were the economic effects of demobilization after WWI? A) New federal agencies developed during the war, remained in control of the economy even after the return of peace B) Americans suffered a mild recession as soldiers returned from war and industries shifted back to peacetime production C) The United States incurred vast wartime debts to France and Great Britain, which slowed its post war economic recovery D) Because of a lack of foreign demand for American goods, Americans fell into a serious depression lasting almost a decade
B
Which argument was used by the supporters of Prohibition? A) Several religions support the use of alcohol in their ceremonies B) Alcoholic beverages lead to poverty, crime, and the breakdown of families C) Attempting to regulate alcohol will simply encourage the growth of organized crime D) People should be able to make their own moral choices without government interference
B
Which event led to the outbreak of WWI in Europe? A) the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany B) the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand C) submarine attacks on merchant shipping in the Atlantic D) a dispute with the Soviet Union over the future of Eastern Europe
B
Which group of Americans fought under French command during WWI but did not have combat roles in the U.S. Army? A) women volunteers B) African Americans C) Hispanic Americans D) conscientious objectors
B
Which of these is an example of a Jim Crow law? A) Enslaved persons who escape to the North must be returned to their owner B) People of different races cannot be permitted to use the same public facilities C) People whose grandfathers were able to vote area also automatically entitled to vote D) African Americans cannot travel from their own towns to other places without a special pass
B
Which statement describes a reason for greater support of suffrage and less discrimination against women in the 1920s? A) Women generally obtained higher college degrees than men B) Women had effectively filled the jobs of men during the war C) Women acknowledged the importance of traditional gender roles D) Women had created a separate political party to address unfair laws
B
Which statement describes how the 13th Amendment affected African Americans? A) It made racial discrimination illegal B) It made involuntary servitude illegal C) It outlined the characteristics of citizenship D) It permitted male citizens to join the military
B
Who benefited from the use of standardized time and time zones when they were introduced? A) telephone and telegraph operators B) railroad companies and train travelers C) manufacturers who dealt in interstate trade D) factory owners whose workers had set schedules
B
Why did the United States Senate fail to ratify the Treaty of Versailles in 1919? A) Many Senators opposed the severe sanctions that the treaty placed on Germany B) Many Senators feared the League of Nations would involve the U.S. in foreign wars C) Many Senators felt the League of Nations would interfere with American plans in the Philippines D) Many Senators predicted that membership in the new League of Nations would be too expensive
B
Why was Hawaii important to America during imperialism? A) It was a tropical paradise B) It was an important source of sugarcane C) It was rich in minerals, timber, and oil D) It was the site of a critical refueling station
B
Why was the conviction of Sacco and Vanzetti in 1921 socially divisive? A) Many hoped Sacco and Vanzetti would become leaders of an anarchist revolution B) Many saw their conviction as the result of prejudice against immigrants C) Many thought Sacco and Vanzetti should be deported without a trial D) Many believed that Sacco and Vanzetti had acted in self-defense
B
Attacks on American cargo ships by German submarines led to the development of which of the following? A) cost plus system B) liberty ships C) convoy system D) victory garden
C
How did U.S. tariffs affect the economy during the 1920s? A) U.S. companies fought tariffs because they believed in open markets B) Foreign countries could not afford to buy U.S. exports or repay U.S. loans C) Prices for U.S. goods were kept high, so fewer people could afford to buy them D) Factories increased production to keep up with the demand for U.S. exports
C
How did the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1927 promote international peace? A) Nations pledged to create a League of Nations B) France and Britain excused Germany from paying reparations C) Fifteen nations agreed to give up war as an instrument of policy D) The five naval powers agreed to limit the number of their warships
C
How did the Radical Republican program for Reconstruction differ from President Lincoln's "Ten-Percent Plan"? A) Radical Republicans wanted to pardon former Confederate leaders B) Radical Republicans wanted freedmen to migrate to Canada C) Radical Republicans imposed a civil rights act and military occupation D) Radical Republicans denied that freedmen should be given equal rights
C
How did the implementation of trench warfare affect the course of WWI? A) It allowed the Allies to cut enemy supply lines B) It allowed greater mobility along the frontlines C) It led to a stalemate that prolonged the conflict D) It gave the Allies a greater communication advantage
C
In 1861, which event was the catalyst for secession of the first seven southern states? A) passage of a higher protective tariff B) issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation C) the election of Abraham Lincoln as President D) the shipment of Union supplies to Fort Sumter
C
Read the information and answer the question below. The Sherman Antitrust Act authorized the Federal Government to institute proceedings against trust in order to dissolve them Source: NARA Which phrase explains the goal of this congressional action that was taken in 1890? A) protecting natural resources from overconsumption B) assisting labor unions in improving workplace conditions C) enabling smaller companies to compete in the marketplace D) consolidating important companies to maintain national security
C
The excerpt below is from a treaty signed by the United States in 1922. "Article IV The total capital ship replacement tonnage of each of the Contracting Powers shall not exceed in standard displacement, for the U.S. 525,000 tons; for the British 525,000 tons; for France 175,000 tons; for Italy 175,000 tons; for Japan 315,000 tons." What was the primary object of this treaty? A) to maintain freedom of the seas B) to promote open trade between different regions of the world C) to limit the destructiveness of war by limiting the number or warships D) to help the British police their vast empire without foreign interference
C
The excerpt from below is from President Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address. "With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations." In this excerpt, what view does Lincoln express about future Reconstruction? A) The damage done to the Union by the South can never be fully repaired B) The South must be severely punished for having threatened the Union C) The South should be welcomed back to the Union with justice and kindness D) Confederates should be banned from public life for their role in causing the Civil War
C
What did African-American writers, artists, and musicians hope to achieve during the Harlem Renaissance? A) to display their ability as conscientious workers in the workplace B) to show that the pursuit of material success could produce great tragedy C) to demonstrate that African Americans could produce great works of literature and art D) to reveal that conditions for African Americans in the South were almost as bad as the North
C
What was a benefit of the laissez faire policies practiced during the Second Industrial Revolution? A) Business owners helped pay for many of the expenses of government B) Businesses avoided corruption by following their own codes of ethics C) Many American industries, such as railroads, steel and oil, achieved rapid growth D) Businesses were motivated to provide good pay and fair working conditions to their employees
C
What was significant about the Scopes Trial? A) There was little interest in educational issues in the 1920s B) The federal government required all states to teach evolution in their schools C) Fundamentalists in rural areas opposed the teaching of evolution in public schools D) The practice of racial segregation was affirmed in public schools throughout the South
C
Which amendment did Southern States violate when they imposed restrictive laws on African Americans. This amendment also guaranteed "equal protection" of the laws to all American citizens. A) 1st Amendment B) 13th Amendment C) 14th Amendment D) 15th Amendment
C
Which is the best contemporary definition of a "scalawag"? A) a Northern abolitionist who supported the Freedmen's Bureau B) a Northerner who came to the South after the Civil War C) a white Southerner who supported Reconstruction D) a freedman entitled to vote
C
Which of the following statements best represents Abraham Lincoln's objectives in the American Civil War? A) He set out to fight a war of abolition and free the slaves in the Southern states B) He wanted to invade the South to take over the plantations in order to boost the economy of the North and supply textile mills with cheap cotton C) He wanted to preserve the Union D) He realized that an alliance between France, Britain, and the Confederacy would be a major threat that could take over the entire U.S.
C
Which problem did American factory workers face in the late 19th century? A) Factory owners required all workers to join unions B) Workers often lacked a means of transportation to their factories C) Factory workers in many industries faced periodic unemployment D) Factory owners demanded that their workers obtain more education
C
Who was responsible for the growth of the Florida East Coast in the late 19th century? A) Andrew Carnegie B) Sarah Goode C) Henry Flagler D) Thomas Edison
C
According to the quotation, what is Theodore Roosevelt's attitude toward American imperialism? "Is America a weakling, to shrink from the work of the great world powers? No! The young giant of the West stands on a continent and clasps the crest of an ocean in either hand. Our nation, glorious in youth and strength, looks into the future with eager eyes and rejoices as a strong man to run a race." A) He believes imperialism is immoral B) He supports it, but suggests that America proceed cautiously C) He feels America is too young a nation to establish colonies overseas D) He thinks America should be aggressive in establishing itself as a world power
D
How did Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois differ on civil rights for African Americans? A) Booker T. demanded immediate equality, while DuBois thought it was better to wait B) Booker T. favored the use of violence in the struggle for civil rights, while DuBois opposed it C) Booker T. thought the "Talented Tenth" would lead the struggle for civil rights, while DuBois emphasized vocational training D) Booker T. urged submission to Southern segregation in exchange for some benefits, while DuBois felt African Americans should agitate for complete equality
D
How did the Selective Service Act prepare Americans for war during WWI? A) by overseeing wartime production B) by creating posters, newsreels, and pamphlets C) by raising money to help pay for the war effort D) by conscripting young men into the armed forces
D
How did the experiences of Chinese immigrants differ from those of the "New Immigrants" from Southern and Eastern Europe? A) They often took the least desirable and lowest paying jobs B) They frequently faced prejudice and discrimination from nativists C) They were unable to use all of the same skills that they possessed at home D) They could not own property, testify in some state courts, or become citizens
D
How did the spread of railroads after the Civil War contribute to the Second Industrial Revolution? A) Railroads led urban workers to migrate to rural farms B) Railroads stimulated steamship travel along America's inland rivers C) Railroads caused cotton and rice production to move to the Pacific Northwest D) Railroads encouraged the growth of cities and the creation of a national market
D
How were American consumers affected by the economic boom during the Roaring 20s? A) They paid more in taxes to support increased public services B) They benefited from massive federal public works programs C) They gained greater production with stronger enforcement of government regulations D) They acquired more consumer goods, including household appliances, radios and cars
D
The information below identifies examples of the work of the muckrakers · Upton Sinclair exposed the unhealthy practices of Chicago's meat-packing plants · Ida Tarbell revealed the dishonest business tactics of Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company · Jacob Riis wrote How the Other Half Lives, showing the conditions of the residents of New York City tenements What was the impact of these muckraking activities during the early 1900s? A) Society changed in response to their promotion of Social Darwinism B) Voters agreed to let the owners of Big Business create more profitable monopolies C) Reports of these works in publications abroad led to a sudden decrease in immigration D) Public reaction to their books led to new laws addressing the abuses of industrialization
D
The picture below shows the British ship Lusitania What impact did the sinking of this ship have? A) It kept Americans from helping Belgian children B) It meant that millions of British citizens would starve C) It encouraged Irish subjects to remain loyal to Britain D) It helped turn American public opinion against Germany
D
What effect did George Pullman's sleeping car have on transportation? A) It alleviated crowded conditions on railway lines B) It reduced the rates charged by railroad companies C) It allowed trains to travel faster while using less fuel D) It made long trips on trains more comfortable for travelers
D
What was a positive impact of political machines in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? A) They bribed local officials in order to win public bids B) They instructed new citizens in how they should vote C) They made fortunes by overcharging through corrupt city contracts D) They provided essential services to immigrants, such as finding housing
D
What was an important effect of the sharecropping system and debt peonage? A) Freedmen achieved social and political equality in the South B) Freedmen played an important role in local and state governments C) Freedmen achieved economic independence from their former masters D) Freedmen often remained in a state of economic dependence on their former masters
D
What was one reason why government leaders generally opposed strikes by labor unions in the 19th century? A) They felt that most industrial workers were well treated B) They didn't think that enough industrial workers were unionized C) They feared that striking workers would overthrow the government D) They believed that business owners had the right to set conditions for their own employees
D
What was the reason for the Palmer Raids in late 1919 and early 1920? A) Communists had infiltrated the U.S. State Department B) A pair of Italian anarchists had killed a guard while robbing a bank C) Congress had just limited immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe D) The U.S. Attorney General wanted to arrest anarchists making bomb threats
D
Which contribution did Elijah McCoy (1844-1929) make to the American economy? A) invention of alternating current B) invention of the rotary blade lawn mowers C) invention of a new traffic signal D) invention of oil-drip cups to lubricate locomotive engines
D
Which contribution did Madam J. Walker (1867-1919) make to the American economy? A) invention of the first electric motor B) invention of the first automatic dishwasher C) invention of a fold away bed to be tucked into a desk D) invention of new cosmetic products and special shampoos
D
Which immigration was most reduced by new legislation in the 1920s? A) immigration from Latin America B) immigration from China and Japan C) immigration from Great Britain and Ireland D) immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe
D
Which international conference led to an agreement limiting the number of ships in the navies of each of the Great Powers? A) Yalta Conference B) Kellogg-Briand Pact C) Paris Peace Conference D) Washington Naval Conference
D
Which issue divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction Era? A) whether slavery should be abolished B) whether to allow the circulation of Confederate money C) how much to raise tariffs on manufactured goods from abroad D) what conditions to impose on Southern States for readmission into the Union
D
Which of the following choices best describes this diagram? Cattle ---> Slaughterhouse ---> Meat Packing Plants ---> ACE Meat Industries A) holding company B) horizontal integration C) trust company D) vertical integration
D
Which piece of legislation state that no citizen may be denied the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude"? A) 2nd Amendment B) 8th Amendment C) 10th Amendment D) 15th Amendment
D
Why did Chinese immigrants come to the United States in the early 1860s? A) to escape industrialization in China B) to escape religious persecution C) to work in factories in Chicago D) to work on the transcontinental railroad
D
