US History Unit 2: American Beginnings: 1607-1732
Small Plantation colonies, means + meaning of names
Tobacco Colonies Virginia (virgin Queen), Maryland (Mary -Catholic), North Carolina (King Charles
(Virginia Settlement) 3 problems with Jamestown
1) Bad land 2)No leader 3)No plan
First seeds of English colonization
1) Jamestown, 1607 south -> Virginia 2) Plymouth, 1620 north -> Massachusetts
(Virginia Settlement) 3 Eventual successes
1) Resource: perfect commodity (tobacco) 2) English people living there 3) Crowns support + interest
(Virginia Settlement) Starving Time
1609-1610, result of 3 problems, ended by John Smith's leadership+plan (martial law)
Royal Colonies
Colonies owned by the King- by 1776 all will become royal colonies
(Virginia Settlement) Indentured Servants
Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for 5-7 years Wave of labor in reaction to tobacco. Popular because mercantilism outlawed vagrancy in England
Proprietary Colonies
Colony owned by a single person- majority of the colonies: the Carolinas, the Jerseys, Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire, New York, and Pennsylvania
New England
Commerce, shipbuilding, small farming Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire
Middle Colonies (New Netherlands)
Commerce, shipbuilding, small farming (same as New England) New York, New Jersey (Duke of Jersey), Pennsylvania (William Penn), Delaware
(Massachusetts Settlement) Pequot War
Conflict between Indians + Puritans, Puritans win right to land while Indians move further west
(Massachusetts Settlement) Plymouth
First colony of New England, absorbed into Massachusetts
(Virginia Settlement) House of Burgesses
First example of self-government in America
(Virginia Settlement) Jamestown, Virginia
First successful English colony
"small gifts of status"
Granted to white indentured servants so that they may feel superior to black slaves; foundation of racism
joint-stock company
Group of shareholders who own a colony- Virginia and Massachusetts
(People) John Winthrop
Head of General Court and Puritan leader of Massachusetts
Carolina Charter
1663, British charter to a group English noblemen granting them the land of Carolina, as a reward for their faithful support of King Charles. Attracts settlers from within America.
(Massachusetts Settlement) Rhode Island
1st break away colony from Massachusetts, started by Roger Williams
(Massachusetts Settlement) The Mayflower Compact
2nd Example of self-government, in order to not make the same mistakes as Virginia: laid out a plan + a leader
(Massachusetts Settlement) Connecticut
2nd break away colony
(Massachusetts Settlement) General Court
3rd form of self-government, form of government in the Massachusetts settlement
The Middle Colonies
4 Proprietary colonies taken from New Netherlands (Dutch): New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania
(Massachusetts Settlement) Fundamental Orders
4th form of Self government (Connecticut)
(Massachusetts Settlement) The Great Migration (1629-1640)
A wave of reforming Puritans gave up on England and migrated to America
(Massachusetts Settlement) "City on a Hill"
Ambition of Massachusetts to be a model religious community (Calvinist) and have a model form of government
Mercantilism
An economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests. Goal to export more than is imported. Contest between English, French, Dutch Responsibilities of the colonies: 1) Produce raw materials 2) Provide a market for England
3 Types of English colonies
Joint Stock Companies, Proprietary Colonies, Royal Colonies
(Virginia Settlement) The Virginia Company
Joint stock company
(Virginia Settlement) Royal charter
King or Queen gives permission to group to settle in America, beginning of every colony
(People) William Bradford
Leader of the Pilgrims of Plymouth
New Netherland
Making money from the colonies as a shipper, taken by England by a show of force and diplomacy. Result: 4 new proprietary colonies: New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania
Europe -> Africa Africa -> America America -> Europe
Manufactured goods, guns + rum Slaves Sugar, Cotton, Tobacco
(People) William Penn
Owns Pennsylvania-a refuge for Quakers
(Virginia Settlement) Tobacco
Perfect commodity, saves Jamestown by making it profitable. Requires big farm, better than gold because of its addictive property, not expensive so very marketable
(People) The Quakers
Persecuted in England for not defending country because of their religious believes
Slavery in America
Product of Mercantilism
(Massachusetts Settlement) Massachusetts
Product of The Great Migration
(People) Lord Baltimore
Proprietor of Maryland
(People) Roger Williams
Puritan who calls out General Court on the hypocrisy of not truly being model Christians, as a model Christian would be a follower of the primitive version (earliest form-during the Roman Empire-includes ideas such as no slavery and respecting all Christianity). Broke away from Massachusetts because of religious beliefs, founding Rhode Island
Georgia Charter
Purposes: 1) Buffer (utilitarian-serves the state/self-serving) 2) Refuge for debtors (altruistic-serving the community/selfless)
Maryland
Refuge for Catholics, proprietor: Lord Baltimore
(Massachusetts Settlement) Break Away Colonies
Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire
Large Plantation colonies
Rice, indigo, cotton South Carolina, Georgia
New England Character
Self restraint, self reliant, and sober. Successful business people. Self righteous, intolerant, obsessed with property rights, hypocritical (Indian rights and slavery)
(People) Pilgrims and Puritans
Similarities: 1) all Protestant followers of John Calvin 2)Opponents to the Anglican church 3) Opposed to the English gov-the Stewards who are thought of as closeted Catholics Separation: Pilgrims were the first to leave England, Puritans arrived during The Great Migration
West Indies
Sugar Islands Barbados, Jamaica
(People) Anne Hutchinson
Very similar views to Roger Williams, called out hypocrisy of "City upon a hill," goes to Rhode Island