US History WW2 Review

Blitzkrieg

"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939

Kristallnacht

"Night of Broken Glass" -the night of November 9, 1938, on which Nazi troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues throughout Germany

Sitzkrieg

"Phony War" with Hitler in 1939-1940 where Hitler prepared for his attack

Atlantic Charter

(FDR) 1941, met on a boat, FDR and Chuchill meeting that stated that condemned aggression, affirmed national self-determination, and endorsed the principles of collective security and disarmament.

Executive Order 9066

2/19/42; 112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes & businesses, 600K more renounced citizenship; demonstrated fear of Japanese invasion

Pearl Harbor

7:50-10:00 AM, December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii destroyed 18 U.S. ships and 200 aircraft. American losses were 3000, Japanese losses less than 100. In response, the U.S. declared war on Japan and Germany, entering World War II.

Battle of the Bulge

A 1944-1945 battle in which Allied forces turned back the last major German offensive of World War II.

Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Anti-Semitism

A mindset that people of Jewish heritage were inferior to other races

St. Louis

A passenger ship which carried over 900 Jewish refugees from Germany in 1939. They asked permission to dock in Canada but were refused. Many of the passengers later died in concentration camps.

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.

S.S.

A special police force in Nazi Germany founded as a personal bodyguard for Adolf Hitler in 1925, from the German word "Schutzstaffel, meaning protection squad.

Appeasement

Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict

Neutrality Acts

Acts to keep US neutral

Battle of Okinawa

April, 1945. 100,000 Japanese died.

Fat Man

Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki.

Little Boy, Hiroshima

August 6th, 1945

Fat Man, Nagasaki

August 9th, 1945

Winston Churchill

British Leader

The United Nations

Brought nations together to police the world.

Pearl Harbor

December 7th, 1941

Genocide

Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group

War Production Board

During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers

Hirohito

Emperor of Japan

The Yalta Conference

FDR, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin met at Yalta, on the Black Sea, in Feb. 1945 to plan the future of Europe after WWII. Started talks about the United Nations.

Battle of Iwo Jima

Feb-March 1945. 20,000 Japanese died, only 200 or so were captured by Americans.

Invasion of Poland

Forced Britain and France to enter war

Occupation of Japan

General MacArthur oversaw...

Erwin Rommel

German Tank Commander called the desert fox.

Adolf hitler

German leader

Lend Lease

Giving British supplies for land/military bases

Cash and Carry

Giving British supplies for money

Battle of Bataan

It was a fight to gain control of the Philippines which the Japanese won, and it resulted in the atrocious Bataan Death March

Benito Mussolini

Italian Leader

JACL

Japanese American Citizens League-group of Japanese-Americans who worked to get restitution for the losses they experienced during WWII internment camps

Hideki Tojo

Japanese military leader Militarism

D-Day

June 6th, 1944

Issei

Legal Japanese citizen

V.E. Day

May 8th, 1945

Little Boy

Name of the bomb that exploded over Hiroshima.

Satellite Nations

Nations that surrounded the USSR and were controlled by Stalin.

Code Talkers

Navajo Native Americans

Wolf Packs

Nicknames for groups of German u-boats.

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Oct. 23-Oct 26, 1944 U.S. Victory. Japanese fleet was severely weekend.

Tokyo Bay

On the U.S.S. Missouri Hirohito surrenders. September 2, 1945.

Potsdam Conference

Second meeting between the U.S. now Truman, Stalin and Churchill. Stalin doubled-back on negotiations and this lead to the cold war.

Britain and France declare war on Germany.

Sept. 3rd, 1939

Hirohito surrenders

September 2nd, 1945

Joseph Stalin

Soviet leader

Francisco Franco

Spanish leader fascist

Kamikaze

Suicidal Japanese pilots.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Supreme commander at D-day head man in Europe

Isolationism

The belief to stay out of foreign affairs

Aryans

True Germans

Battle of Midway

U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 4, 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.

Battle of the Atlantic

U.S. vs. German U boats

Douglas MacArthur

US overseer of Japan

Chester Nimitz

US pacific leader

Battle of Stalingrad

Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union.

Operation Torch

begun Nov 1942, American forces landed in Morocco and Algeria, and pressing eastward trapped the German and Italian armies being driven westward by the British, forcing German and Italian troops to surrender, despite Hitler's orders to fight to the death.

Concentration Camp

prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately.

Doolittle Raid

response to Pearl Harbor

Nuremburg War Trials

series of trials in 1945 and 1946 in which an international military tribunal convicted former Nazi leaders on war crimes.

Nuremburg Laws

1935 laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood

Nonaggression Pact

1939-Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland

Munich Agreement

Agreement between Chamberlain and Hitler that Germany would not conquer any more land, and if did, would declare war

Nisei

American-born children of Japanese immigrants; second generation Japanese Americans.

Harry S. Truman

President after FDR

FDR

President during WW2