US test 18, APUSH Chapter 19

Around 1900, if an ordinary American city dweller, whether immigrant or native-born, needed a favor done by a person with authority, he or she would have most likely turned to whom? a. A newspaper columnist b. An alderman or ward boss c. An ombudsman d. A member of Congress

b. An alderman or ward boss

Who of the following was the greatest benefactor of public libraries in nineteenth-century America, who in 1881 announced that he would build a library in any city that was prepared to maintain it? a. J. P. Morgan b. Andrew Carnegie c. John D. Rockefeller d. George W. Vanderbilt

b. Andrew Carnegie

Which of the following statements characterizes Theodore Roosevelt's attitude toward the muckrakers? a. Admiring them, Roosevelt urged the muckrakers on by exclaiming, "Bully!" b. Appalled, he dismissed them as muckrakers who overemphasized America's negative aspects. c. Inspired, he declared that their stories "gripped my heart until I felt I must tell of them, or burst, or turn anarchist." d. Impressed, Roosevelt commended the muckrakers for being good followers of his own progressive principles.

b. Appalled, he dismissed them as muckrakers who overemphasized America's negative aspects.

Which of the following sports was invented by YMCA instructors in the 1890s? a. Football b. Basketball c. Baseball d. Lacrosse

b. Basketball

Which of the following phenomena emerged as an important new influence on urban entertainment in the early twentieth century? a. Middle-class reformers' priorities b. Black music c. Opera houses d. Saloons

b. Black music

The first skyscraper in the United States was built in 1885 in which city? a. New York b. Chicago c. Boston d. Cleveland

b. Chicago

Which sport was the most controversial in the late 1800s? a. Professional baseball b. College football c. Women's field hockey d. Basketball

b. College football

Which of the following groups would have been unlikely to support prohibition in the late nineteenth century? a. Urban, elite women b. German immigrants c. Rural farmers d. Baptists and Methodists

b. German immigrants

Which of the following statements summarizes Booker T. Washington's approach to racial change in the United States? a. Washington advocated education for African Americans to end poverty and segregation. b. He promoted industrial education for blacks as a strategy for lessening white prejudice. c. Washington promoted black boarding schools to assimilate students into white culture. d. He advocated political organizing to challenge the structures and attitudes of racism.

b. He promoted industrial education for blacks as a strategy for lessening white prejudice.

Which of the following statements most characterizes residential patterns in the typical American city around 1900? a. Members of various ethnic groups mingled throughout the city. b. Immigrants from a particular region of a country tended to settle by ethnic group. c. Most immigrants had to settle far from the factories where they worked. d. Most immigrants were required by zoning laws to live in downtown ghettos.

b. Immigrants from a particular region of a country tended to settle by ethnic group.

Florence Kelley became a famous advocate for a. housewives and professional working women. b. prostitutes and orphans. c. female and child laborers. d. migrant farm workers.

c. female and child laborers.

Which of the following statements characterizes changes in the lives of middle-class American children in the last decades of the nineteenth century? a. A high school education became more common. b. Most moved directly from childhood into adult urban life. c. Parents placed increasing emphasis on discipline. d. Children became economic assets on whom the family relied for income.

a. A high school education became more common.

Which of the following statements describes Charles Darwin's theories as presented in his book, On the Origin of Species? a. Animals and plants adapt to better suit their environment through natural selection. b. Animals and plants can acquire transmissible traits within a single lifetime. c. Plants' and animals' adaptations were inevitably beneficial to the species. d. Human society should function on the basis of competition and survival of the fittest.

a. Animals and plants adapt to better suit their environment through natural selection.

Of the nine thousand overseas Protestant missionaries in 1915, the largest percentage of them served in a. Asia. b. Africa. c. Russia. d. Central America.

a. Asia.

Suburbs for the well-to-do first began to emerge on the outskirts of major American cities in which of these periods? a. Before the Civil War b. During the Reconstruction era c. In the late 1800s d. After 1900

a. Before the Civil War

To what late nineteenth-century phenomenon does the term "private city" refer? a. Businesses' role in the creation of urban environments b. The existence of an underground gay urban subculture c. The notion that urban family life functioned like a small city d. The federal government's lack of influence over urban administration

a. Businesses' role in the creation of urban environments

By 1916, which of the following religious groups had increased immensely in the United States because of immigration? a. Catholics b. Methodists c. Baptists d. Protestants

a. Catholics

The rise of nickelodeons, amusement parks, dance halls, vaudeville, and other "cheap amusements" in the late nineteenth-century cities had which of the following effects? a. Challenging traditional courtship rituals b. Reinforcing Victorian values c. Increasing tax revenues so the government could build more libraries and parks d. Undermining businesses efforts to instill workplace discipline

a. Challenging traditional courtship rituals

Which of these inventions made residents feel safer in urban areas in the late nineteenth century? a. Electric light b. Subway c. Radio d. Telegraph

a. Electric light

Which of the following statements characterizes family life in the late 1800s? a. Family size continued its steady decline because middle-class children in cities were not needed for work. b. The birthrate remained stable because of the different cultural values held by many immigrants. c. Family sizes actually increased as urban prosperity allowed parents to support more children comfortably. d. Farm daughters did more traditionally male work as young male farmers moved to large cities.

a. Family size continued its steady decline because middle-class children in cities were not needed for work.

What did the term petticoat rule mean when it was used by antisuffragists in the early twentieth century? a. If granted the right to vote, women might cancel husband's votes. b. Women would become hungry for political office if given the right to vote. c. Women were often controlling in running households. d. Women should always put their womanliness before any other ambitions.

a. If granted the right to vote, women might cancel husband's votes.

Which of the following describes the consumer culture that emerged in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth-century United States? a. Modern and innovative b. Politically progressive c. Feminist and egalitarian d. Separate but equal

a. Modern and innovative

Which of the following statements characterizes urban political reform efforts in the late 1800s and early 1900s? a. Some reform mayors modeled their reform efforts on cutting-edge European efforts in cities such as Glasgow and Dusseldorf. b. Many large American cities adopted the professional city manager system in an attempt to run more like a business. c. Urban reform politicians rejected municipally owned utilities in favor of private sector ownership. d. The efforts of urban reform politicians could not compete with those sponsored by the political machines they targeted.

a. Some reform mayors modeled their reform efforts on cutting-edge European efforts in cities such as Glasgow and Dusseldorf.

Where did almost 90 percent of African Americans live in 1900? a. The South b. The western states c. Mississippi and Alabama d. Northern cities

a. The South

David Graham Phillips established his credentials as a muckraker when he wrote a scathing analysis on which subject? a. The U.S. Senate b. Tammany Hall c. Standard Oil Company d. Child labor

a. The U.S. Senate

Which of the following made the growth of skyscrapers possible? a. The development of steel girders, plate glass, and elevators b. Government subsidies to contractors who would build them c. Architects competing for the Form Follows Function award d. The newly built system of canals that connected cities to sources for building materials

a. The development of steel girders, plate glass, and elevators

What did women like Jane Addams seek to provide to the working-class people they served through settlement houses in early twentieth century cities? a. The resources and political voice they needed to improve their lives b. Lessons on American history to help recent immigrants assimilate c. A stronger sense of "civic enterprise and moral conviction" d. Art classes and other cultural programs to expand their minds

a. The resources and political voice they needed to improve their lives

Which of the following describes metropolitan newspapers in the period after the Civil War? a. They expanded to include human-interest stories and society and sports sections. b. Newspapers lost urban readership as the influx of poor immigrants led to declining literacy rates. c. Influenced by the increasing efficiency of communication, they covered more national and international news than local events. d. Building a reputation for factual, objective news coverage, newspapers ignored national scandals.

a. They expanded to include human-interest stories and society and sports sections.

The typical American middle-class household in 1900 consisted of husband, wife, and how many additional family members? a. Three children b. Five children c. Several children and extended family members d. Two children

a. Three children

The Women's Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU) was the first national movement to a. identify and fight against domestic violence. b. demand a constitutional amendment to ban alcohol. c. be led by a woman. d. call for woman suffrage.

a. identify and fight against domestic violence.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton's speech to Congress in 1892 on the "solitude of self" referred to the a. importance of women's autonomy in modern society. b. growing practice of meditation and relaxation. c. loneliness many experienced when they moved to large urban cities. d. Christian practice of extended prayer and fasting to grow closer to God.

a. importance of women's autonomy in modern society.

The urban revivalism of Billy Sunday represented a. the fundamentalism movement. b. the continuing appeal of Calvinist theology in American culture. c. a strong example of the Social Gospel. d. a Catholic challenge to Protestantism.

a. the fundamentalism movement.

Why was Margaret Sanger's newspaper column "What Every Girl Should Know" significant? a. The column educated girls and women about the dangers of prostitution. b. It contributed to launching a national birth control movement. c. Sanger linked the practice of "treating" with sexually transmitted diseases. d. It publicized the notion that women as well as men could attend college.

b. It contributed to launching a national birth control movement.

Which of the following describes the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in the late nineteenth century? a. The organization confined itself exclusively to work on the liquor question. b. It supported woman suffrage as a tool that could challenge the liquor interest. c. The group used temperance as a front for its real feminist agenda and platform. d. Led by Susan B. Anthony, the group protested outside saloons with babies in arm.

b. It supported woman suffrage as a tool that could challenge the liquor interest.

Which of the following describes the urban political machines of the late nineteenth century? a. They mediated between municipal governments and state and federal governments. b. Machines acted as social service agencies, providing assistance in times of trouble. c. Political machines were an obstacle to the creation of urban infrastructure. d. They protected American city-dwellers from powerful economic interests.

b. Machines acted as social service agencies, providing assistance in times of trouble.

Which of these statements describes the newly rising American middle class around 1900? a. They preferred to live in luxurious high-rise apartments in the city. b. Many preferred to live in the suburbs because of the safety and space it afforded them. c. They imitated the rich by constructing scaled-down villas in the country. d. They remained near the ethnic neighborhoods where they had grown up.

b. Many preferred to live in the suburbs because of the safety and space it afforded them.

Which of the following figures was a major proponent of commercial domesticity in the nineteenth century? a. Horatio Alger b. P. T. Barnum c. Rutherford B. Hayes d. Thomas Edison

b. P. T. Barnum

The settlement houses that emerged in early twentieth-century cities established which new occupational field? a. Midwifery b. Social Work c. Early Childhood Education d. Political bureaucrat

b. Social Work

Which of the following authors rejected romanticism and Victorian sentimentality in their works? a. Andrew Carnegie b. Stephen Crane c. George Bellows d. Harriet Beecher Stowe

b. Stephen Crane

Which of the following is true of religion in the city at the turn of the twentieth century? a. Protestantism was easily accepted by city dwellers. b. The Catholic Church incorporated ethnic differences in urban areas. c. Immigrant Catholics abandoned ethnic customs for the sake of religious unity. d. Protestant churches eschewed evangelism.

b. The Catholic Church incorporated ethnic differences in urban areas.

During the 1890s, what caused voters to start turning away from urban political machines and start embracing urban political reformers? a. A decrease in the number of immigrants b. The economic depression c. A series of political assassinations d. The rampant spread of urban organized crime

b. The economic depression

What was the primary complaint against trolleys in American cities in the late 1800s? a. The expensive ticket prices b. Their frequent accidents c. Their high construction costs d. They served only elite neighborhoods

b. Their frequent accidents

How did the large department stores of the nineteenth century attract middle-class women patrons? a. The stores posted burly security guards at all the doors. b. They offered tearooms and attentive service. c. The stores banned men from entering without their mothers or wives. d. They proclaimed that children and women were their primary audience.

b. They offered tearooms and attentive service.

By 1900, which of the following was the primary means of urban mass transit in the United States? a. Subway b. Trolley car c. Elevated railroad d. Cable car

b. Trolley car

Which of the following phenomena spurred changes in Americans' understanding of masculinity in the late nineteenth century? a. Baseball b. Urban life and work c. The "new woman" d. Exclusive male city clubs

b. Urban life and work

William Randolph Hearst's and Joseph Pulitzer's sensationalist style of reporting was known as which of the following? a. Scandal sheet copy b. Yellow journalism c. Paparazzi coverage d. Human interest writing

b. Yellow journalism

By the early 1900s, many business leaders encouraged their male workers to participate in sports to a. exhaust workers' competitive instincts. b. adjust to the demands of the industrial clock. c. counter the influences of domesticity. d. maintain their contacts with working-class culture.

b. adjust to the demands of the industrial clock.

Before the Civil War, most manufacturing operations sprang up in a. northeastern cities. b. countryside locations. c. seaports. d. railroad hubs.

b. countryside locations.

The National Association of Colored Women was effective in its efforts to improve the life of African Americans because it a. gave lectures throughout the country. b. focused its attention on community issues such as public health. c. rejected the traditional role of women in domesticity. d. enabled African Americans to be educated in white schools.

b. focused its attention on community issues such as public health.

Iowans created the American Protective Organization in 1887 to a. protect Midwestern women from urban sex trafficking. b. oppose the influence of Catholics in the United States. c. prevent African Americans from moving into their state. d. protect black Iowans from the revived Ku Klux Klan.

b. oppose the influence of Catholics in the United States.

The Comstock Act took effect in 1873 and a. legalized the use of contraceptive devices made of vulcanized rubber. b. prohibited the circulation of any information about sex and birth control. c. criminalized any activity that resulted in the creation of pornographic material. d. reversed the earlier law that banned obscene materials from the U.S. mail.

b. prohibited the circulation of any information about sex and birth control.

The City Beautiful movement is associated with which of the following activities? a. Efforts to clean up the mud rivers created by spring rains in many cities b. Attempts to clean up the tremendous air pollution that hung in the air of many cities c. Attempts to build more and better urban park spaces, including playgrounds and gardens d. Efforts by municipal commissioners to preserve green space in rapidly expanding industrial cities

c. Attempts to build more and better urban park spaces, including playgrounds and gardens

Realism and modernism had which of the following characteristics in common? a. They embraced feminism and women artists. b. Both were religiously and spiritually expressive. c. Both forms emphasized virility and masculinity. d. They were closely allied with reform movements.

c. Both forms emphasized virility and masculinity.

Which of the following describes the tenements that were typical of many urban areas in the early twentieth century? a. Government-subsidized housing for the poor b. Modern and sleek no-frills apartments that housed poor families c. Buildings that housed many families in cramped, airless apartments d. Light-manufacturing factories prevalent in many urban warehouse districts

c. Buildings that housed many families in cramped, airless apartments

How did the early twentieth century campaign against urban prostitution affect women working as prostitutes at that time? a. New laws made it easier for prostitutes to find more respectable work. b. New obstacles to interstate transport limited most prostitutes' mobility. c. By closing brothels, new laws worsened many prostitutes' working conditions. d. The campaign reduced the number of men seeking prostitutes' services in cities.

c. By closing brothels, new laws worsened many prostitutes' working conditions.

Which of these concepts followed directly from the philosophy of Social Darwinism? a. Modernism b. Domesticity c. Eugenics laws d. The Social Gospel

c. Eugenics laws

Which of the following statements characterizes urban leisure in post-Civil War America? a. Few urban Americans had any extra money to spend on leisure activities. b. Families and churches were still the settings of most leisure activities. c. Leisure became a commercial commodity enjoyed outside the home. d. Most urban Americans worked such long hours that they had little time for leisure activities.

c. Leisure became a commercial commodity enjoyed outside the home.

Around the turn of the century, African Americans moving to cities in the North experienced which of the following? a. Substantially less racism than did African Americans in the South b. More opportunities to become skilled workers than they had two decades earlier c. More discrimination than even the most downtrodden European immigrants d. Plentiful job opportunities and access to integrated housing.

c. More discrimination than even the most downtrodden European immigrants

Which of the following describes the emerging profession of social work at the turn of the nineteenth century? a. Social workers were motivated by their strong religious beliefs. b. Until the mid-twentieth century, most American social workers were male. c. Most social workers at this time viewed themselves as advocates of social justice. d. Social work was one profession women could pursue without a college degree.

c. Most social workers at this time viewed themselves as advocates of social justice.

How did working-class women gain access to the fine department stores in the United States in the late nineteenth century? a. Working-class domestics accompanied their female employers into the stores. b. They could enter the stores only if they dressed and acted like middle-class women. c. Working-class women gained access as clerks, cashiers, and store messengers. d. Vagrancy laws made it impossible for non-elite people to enter the stores.

c. Working-class women gained access as clerks, cashiers, and store messengers.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of 1911 led to which of the following outcomes? a. A final break between progressive reformers and New York City's Tammany Hall political machine b. The New York State Factory Commission to blame worker negligence for producing unsafe working conditions c. New York State's passage of the most advanced labor code in the country at that time d. The jailing of the company's owner for arson after seeking to collect on his insurance

c. New York State's passage of the most advanced labor code in the country at that time

Which of these late-nineteenth-century U.S. Supreme Court rulings settled the question of African Americans' access to regular first-class seats on American railroad cars until the 1950s? a. Wabash v. Illinois b. Montana Railway Co. v. Warren c. Plessy v. Ferguson d. Allen v. Hanks

c. Plessy v. Ferguson

How did baseball become America's most popular game? a. The game had been popular with Americans soldiers since the Revolutionary War. b. Baseball teams often allowed women to play. c. Professional teams were started in dozens of cities as part of the National League. d. It was the only distinctively American game before the 1860s.

c. Professional teams were started in dozens of cities as part of the National League.

Which of the following statements describes the anti-black race riots that occurred in cities in the early twentieth century? a. Black on white crimes were the primary trigger of race riots. b. Race riots occurred almost exclusively in the South. c. Race riots foreshadowed a worsening of urban racial tensions. d. The violent events often caused much damage but few, if any, deaths.

c. Race riots foreshadowed a worsening of urban racial tensions.

In the late nineteenth century, many native-born, prosperous American Jews embraced a. Orthodox Judaism. b. nativism. c. Reform Judaism. d. atheism.

c. Reform Judaism.

Which of the following is the correct chronological order of the literary movements in the United States during the late 1800s and early 1900s? a. Naturalism, romanticism, realism, modernism b. Modernism, realism, romanticism, naturalism c. Romanticism, realism, naturalism, modernism d. Realism, romanticism, modernism, naturalism

c. Romanticism, realism, naturalism, modernism

Which of the following is correctly matched? a. Lacey Act—celebrated the austere beauty of the California desert b. Audubon Society—oversaw many of the nation's national parks c. Sierra Club—founded by John Muir to preserve the environment d. U.S. Forest Service—advocated broader protection for wild birds

c. Sierra Club—founded by John Muir to preserve the environment

Which of the following was true for middle-class families in the late nineteenth century? a. Legal abortion and birth control aided in the move toward smaller families. b. Remaining unmarried by age twenty was very infrequent and widely stigmatized. c. Smaller family sizes allowed parents to focus their resources and increase their social mobility. d. Husbands and wives both worked in the home, thereby strengthening family ties.

c. Smaller family sizes allowed parents to focus their resources and increase their social mobility.

What accounted for the relocation of manufacturing operations into urban areas after the Civil War? a. Railroad expansion b. Tax incentives c. Steam power d. Electricity

c. Steam power

Which invention transformed urban and suburban communications in the United States after 1876? a. Elevator b. Walkie-talkie c. Telephone d. Telegraph

c. Telephone

In which of the following athletic activities were elite women in their twenties likely to participate? a. Football b. Baseball c. Tennis d. Lacrosse

c. Tennis

Why did the rate of college attendance quadruple between the 1880s and the 1920s? a. State universities began to adopt classical curricula. b. Private colleges began to emphasize practical pursuits. c. The public university system expanded. d. Increasing numbers of women attended college.

c. The public university system expanded.

What spurred many big cities' pursuit of state-of-the-art sewage and drainage systems at the end of the nineteenth century? a. Cities smelled so bad they were nearly uninhabitable. b. The federal government offered tax incentives. c. They sought to improve public health. d. Urban land became too valuable to use for privies.

c. They sought to improve public health.

Why was the United Daughters of the Confederacy founded in 1894? a. To fight for the liberties of all people in the United States, regardless of race or gender b. To study the historical factors that lead to the Civil War in the South c. To promote the "Lost Cause" of the South in the Civil War d. To change the beliefs and customs of the South

c. To promote the "Lost Cause" of the South in the Civil War

Why did Galveston, Texas adopt a commission system in 1900, that later became a nationwide model for efficient government? a. To end the rampant homelessness and hunger b. To encourage industrial development in the city c. To rebuild after a hurricane killed roughly 6,000 people d. To curb the influence of corporate interests in the government

c. To rebuild after a hurricane killed roughly 6,000 people

To what phenomenon did the book title The Shame of the Cities specifically refer? a. Racial violence in urban slums b. Conspicuous consumption among the rich c. Urban political corruption d. Prostitution in big cities

c. Urban political corruption

What made young women vulnerable in the new system of dating and "treating" that emerged in early twentieth-century cities? a. Their low marriage prospects b. Sexualized dancing and music c. Women's low wages d. A high percentage of bachelors

c. Women's low wages

In the late nineteenth century, Social Darwinists, such as William Graham Sumner, believed that a. businesses should be regulated. b. "inferior" people should be discouraged from reproducing. c. millionaires were the fittest Americans. d. government should guide social processes.

c. millionaires were the fittest Americans.

The Heterodoxy Club, founded in Greenwich Village in 1912, was open to any woman who pledged a. her belief in the centrality of heterosexuality. b. support for domesticity and separate spheres. c. not to be orthodox in her opinions. d. work assiduously for women's rights.

c. not to be orthodox in her opinions.

As the United States industrialized, the outdoors lost its association with danger and hard work and became newly associated with a. pollution. b. sexuality. c. renewal. d. religion.

c. renewal.

In the late nineteenth century, George Washington Plunkitt was a. a major political boss who operated in the city of Chicago. b. a humorous character created by a newspaper columnist to satirize ward politics. c. the Tammany ward boss who courted all ethnic groups to win their support. d. the first important African American politician elected in the city of Baltimore.

c. the Tammany ward boss who courted all ethnic groups to win their support.

Who was Joseph Pulitzer and what made him significant? a. An investigative reporter who exposed the unhealthy conditions of the meatpacking industry b. A circus showman who claimed that "He who is without a newspaper is cut off from his species" c. The artist whose comic strip, "The Yellow Kid," gave its name to yellow journalism d. A St. Louis newspaper publisher who built his sales base with sensational investigations

d. A St. Louis newspaper publisher who built his sales base with sensational investigations

What spurred the U.S. Congress to pass the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906? a. A horrific yellow fever epidemic in Memphis, Tennessee, that killed 12 percent of its people b. The publication of Leona Prall Groetzinger's expose titled "The City's Perils" c. High infant mortality rates that resulted from the widespread problem of adulterated milk d. A public uproar caused by Upton Sinclair's realist novel The Jungle

d. A public uproar caused by Upton Sinclair's realist novel The Jungle

Which of the following Hull House volunteers became the first American woman to hold a U.S. cabinet post? a. Jane Addams b. Florence Kelley c. Ellen Gates Starr d. Frances Perkins

d. Frances Perkins

Why was Margaret Sanger indicted for her newspaper column "What Every Girl Should Know" in the 1910s? a. The column discussed white slavery and prostitution openly. b. It suggested that New York's homosexual community was not immoral. c. Sanger advocated mixed-race marriages. d. Her discussion of birth control violated obscenity laws.

d. Her discussion of birth control violated obscenity laws.

In the late nineteenth century, the American Catholic hierarchy was dominated by a. Hispanic Americans. b. Polish Americans. c. German Americans. d. Irish Americans.

d. Irish Americans.

Which of the following muckrakers is correctly matched with his or her reform area? a. Ida Tarbell—the plight of the poor b. Jacob Riis—the meatpacking industry c. David Graham Phillips—an exposé of Standard Oil d. Lincoln Steffens—the corruption of America's urban governments

d. Lincoln Steffens—the corruption of America's urban governments

Which of the following statements describes immigrants' accommodation to city life in the United States around 1900? a. They discarded their ethnic customs and traditional holidays as quickly as possible to blend in with native-born Americans. b. Each family looked out solely for its own interests, abandoning older community-oriented patterns. c. Irish and German immigrants frequently joined temperance societies to become sober American workers. d. Many relied on native-language newspapers, the conviviality of saloons, and the assistance of mutual-aid societies.

d. Many relied on native-language newspapers, the conviviality of saloons, and the assistance of mutual-aid societies.

Which of the following authors is correctly matched with one of his works? a. Stephen Crane—"To Build a Fire" b. Theodore Dreiser—Letters from the Earth c. Jack London—Maggie: A Girl of the Streets d. Mark Twain—A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court

d. Mark Twain—A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court

To what did the Tammany ward boss George Washington Plunkitt refer when he talked about "honest graft"? a. Paying taxes on briberies b. Bribing politicians for good purposes c. Confessing past bribes d. Profiting from insider status

d. Profiting from insider status

In 1880s, the Women's Christian Temperance Movement (WCTU) controversially threw its support behind the a. Republican Party. b. Democratic Party. c. Greenback Labor Party. d. Prohibition Party.

d. Prohibition Party.

The growth of the YMCA in late-nineteenth-century American cities resulted from which of the following factors? a. People newly arrived in cities needed an outlet for entertainment. b. There was a greater need to train athletes for professional sports careers. c. There was an epidemic of obesity across the United States in the nineteenth century. d. The YMCA prompted "muscular Christianity" for white-collar workers.

d. The YMCA prompted "muscular Christianity" for white-collar workers.

Which of the following statements characterizes gay culture in early twentieth-century New York? a. Due to high levels of stigma and discrimination, there were too few gay people to form a culture. b. New York's gay underground was dangerous due to the frequency of police raids and arrests. c. New York's gay subculture was quiet, invisible, and careful not to challenge Victorian ideals. d. The city's exuberant gay subculture provoked harassment but officials tolerated its existence.

d. The city's exuberant gay subculture provoked harassment but officials tolerated its existence.

Which of the following was a reason American businesses embraced baseball in the late nineteenth century? a. It reminded urban Americans of their rural past. b. The game taught a new generation about the bloody days of the Civil War. c. It provided urbanites with a respected symbol of authority--the umpire. d. The game was a wholesome way to promote discipline and teamwork.

d. The game was a wholesome way to promote discipline and teamwork.

The Gibson Girl of the 1890s personified which of the following female images? a. Prostitutes in urban brothels who were patronized by middle-class men b. Young working-class women who worked as servants for the middle-class c. College-educated career women who preferred to remain single d. The middle-class "new woman"--public spirited and athletic

d. The middle-class "new woman"--public spirited and athletic

Why was the New York legislation dealing with safety in factories and wages-and-hour laws for women and children was enacted? a. Anthracite Coal Strike b. Danbury Hatters Boycott c. Niagara Movement d. Triangle Shirtwaist fire

d. Triangle Shirtwaist fire

Which level of government generally saw the most corruption in the late 1800s? a. Rural b. Federal c. State d. Urban

d. Urban

Which region of the United States had responded to the women's voting rights movement by 1900? a. Northeast b. Lower South c. Midwest d. West

d. West

Between 1880 and 1920, higher education for women was a. banned in most of the South. b. unheard of in most parts of the country. c. almost universal among the middle class. d. mostly at single-sex institutions in the Northeast and South.

d. mostly at single-sex institutions in the Northeast and South.

Protestant churches that espoused the Social Gospel a. extended the principles of the Gospel of Wealth to religion. b. warned that society outside the church was contrary to God's plan. c. urged congregations to focus on each other's personal salvation as "Social Christians." d. taught that Christians should fight for social justice and the public welfare.

d. taught that Christians should fight for social justice and the public welfare.