(US U.5) Depression / New Deal

By 1934 Senator Huey Long of Louisiana began criticizing the New Deal from the left and calling for

A massive redistribution of wealth.

Farmers on the Great Plains began to lose their crops during the Depression because

A terrible drought dried the soil.

The New Deal helped establish a new voting coalition for President Roosevelt and the Democratic Party by

Addressing the needs of groups such as women, African Americans, and laborers.

Public Works Administration

Awarded contracts to construction companies to build highways, dams, schools, and other facilities

The stock market crash weakened the nation's banks because

Banks had invested their deposits in the stock market.

When the Senate voted down a bill that promised the immediate payment of the $1,000 bonus to each veteran of World War I, some veterans

Camped in vacant buildings in Washington, D.C.

National Recovery Administration

Caused industrial production to fall and was declared unconstitutional in 1935

The Social Security Act established the principle that the federal government should be responsible for

Citizens who through no fault of their own, were unable to work.

Offered unemployed young men work planting trees, fighting forest fire, and building reservoirs

Civilian Conservation Corps

Overproduction

Companies make more goods than people can buy, causing a decrease in sales

President Roosevelt's desire to change the political balance on the Supreme Court led to the _______, which proved to be Roosevelt's first serious political mistake.

Court-packing plan

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Covered the money that people save in banks against loss

At the time of the stock market crash, the government did not insure bank deposits, so

Customers lost their savings if a bank collapsed.

President Roosevelt triggered a new economic downturn in 1937 by

Decreasing government spending.

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation marked the first time the federal government established a n agency to stimulate the _________ during peacetime.

Economy

The Depression improved steadily during President Hoover's administration. (True or False)

False

The New Deal coalition was made up of President Roosevelt's supporters in Congress, as well as the Supreme Court justices who upheld New Deal programs and agencies. (True or False)

False

The Fair Labor Standards Act abolished child labor, limited the workweek to 44 hours for most workers, and

First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt

Which figure in the Roosevelt administration was most active in bringing African Americans and women into the New Deal Coalition?

First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt

The Agricultural Adjustment Act that Roosevelt asked Congress to pass was based on the idea that prices for farm goods were low because farmers grew too much _________.

Food

Works Progress Administration

Funded the construction of roadways, buildings, and parks

In terms of its main goal of ending the Depression, the New Deal was only a limited success but it

Gave many Americans a sense of security and stability.

Deficit Spending

Government practice of borrowing money to pay for programs and not balancing the budget.

Wagner Act

Guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and bargain collectively

Civil Works Administration

Hired workers directly, including thousands of women, to build or improve airports, roads, and playgrounds.

The Federal Emergency __________ Administration attempted to help unemployed Americans by channeling money into state and local agencies. (Relief)Roosevelt created the New Deal policy package by

Hiring advisers with different philosophies and experimenting with new ideas.

The period between March 9 and June 16, 1933 when Congress passed 15 major acts to meet the economic crisis of the Depression, was called the

Hundred Days

President Herbert Hoover did not want the government to create as many new jobs as millions of unemployed people needed because it would require

Increased government spending.

President Franklin Roosevelt entered office with no clear agenda or strong political ideology, but his administration favored government

Intervention in the economy

The Emergency Banking Relief Act helped solve the banking crisis by

Issuing licenses to banks that federal examiners found financially sound.

President Roosevelt's "court-packing plan" was a serious mistake because

It appeared to interfere with the Constitution's separation of powers.

Social Security Act

Law providing modest payments to older Americans and the unemployed

Douglas MacArthur

Led the troops that dispersed the Bonus Army

In 1932 President Hoover asked Congress to set up the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to allow the government to

Make loans to businesses

Speculation

Making investments in hope that prices will go up, yielding a quick windfall

Okies

Migrants from the Great Plains heading west in search of better lives.

Guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and to bargain collectively.

National Labor Relations Act

Thousands of World War I veterans came to Washington, D.C., in 1932 to lobby Congress to

Pass legislation giving veterans their promised bonuses early.

Glass-Steagall Banking Act

Prohibited commercial banks from speculating on the stock market.

President Herbert Hoover hoped that increasing government funding for public works projects would

Provide jobs lost in the private sector.

As creditors foreclosed on nearly one million farms between 1930 and 1934, some farmers destroyed their crops in a desperate attempt to

Raise prices by reducing supply.

Though Hoover was reluctant to sign it, Congress passed the Emergency _______________ Act, which called for $1.5 Billion for public works and $300 million in loans for the states for direct relief.

Relief and Construction

Emergency Relief and Construction Act

Reluctantly signed by President Hoover to supply relief funds to states.

Securities Act of 1933

Required companies that sell stocks and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors.

After the Federal _________ Board refused to put more money into circulation, President Hoover set up the Nation Credit Corporation to create a pool of money for troubled banks.

Reserve

To fight the Depression the first thing President Roosevelt set out to do was

Restore confidence in the nation's banking system

To regulate the stock market, Congress created

Securities and Exchange Commission

The Fair Labor Standards Act abolished child labor, limited the workweek to 44 hours for most workers, and

Set the first federal minimum wage.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Set up in 1932 to allow the government to make loans to businesses

After the New Deal had been in effect for two years, the U.S. economy

Showed only slight improvement.

During the Depression, charities set up ____________ to give poor people meals.

Soup kitchens

______________invested in stocks , betting that the market would continue to climb so they could make a quick profit.

Speculators

margin call

Stockbroker's demand for immediate repayment of a loan used to buy stock

What did the bold series of programs and reforms that President Franklin Roosevelt launched in 1935 came to be called?

The Second New Deal

Which sentence best describes the results of the First New Deal?

The United States regained confidence in banks, the stock market, and the future.

In Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States, the Supreme Court struck down

The authority of the NRA.

President Roosevelt launched the bold new programs that came to be known as the Second New Deal primarily because

The first New Deal programs had not generated an economic recovery.

Bonus Army

The group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington in 1932 was called the _________.

The Depression had deep roots in the economy of the 1920s, including overproduction, high tariffs, missteps by the Federal Reserve, and

The uneven distribution of income

What effect did Dust Bowl refugees have on California?

They caused the number of available jobs to shrink even more.

"Okies" were usually farmers who sold their land and used the profits to travel to California and begin new lives. (True or False)

True

African American voters turned away from the Republican Party in 1936 to support Roosevelt's reelection. (True or False)

True

Blaming the president for their plight, newly homeless people established shantytowns they called Hooverville's. (True or False)

True

During the early 1930s, dust storms blackened the skies of the Great Plains for hundreds of miles. (True or False)

True

President Roosevelt's programs succeeded in creating a safety net for average Americans, in the form of safeguards and relief programs that protected them against economic disaster. (True or False)

True

Roosevelt reined in spending in his second term, slowing the economy. (True or False)

True

The dust Bowl occurred primarily because plowed land was left uncultivated and there was a terrible drought. (True or False)

True

As a result of the stock market crash, some banks suffered more losses than they could absorb and

Were forced to close

bank run

When many depositors decide to withdraw their money at one time

Buying on margin was a method of buying stocks

With mostly borrowed money

In an attempt to comfort the American people, President Roosevelt's New Deal aimed to increase jobs and strengthen the ___________.

economy

President Roosevelt and his advisers did not want to simply give money to the unemployed, so they established a series of government agencies and would organize _________ programs for the unemployed.

work