USMLE Step 2 Obgyn

Q007. Embryo:; what results in the formation of a double uterus?; technical name of this?

"A007. Inferior part of the Mullerian ducts do not fuse; ""Uterus didelphys"""

Q006. Embryo:; what results following the absence of the uterus?

A006. Paramesonepheric (Mullerian)ducts degenerate

Q008. Embryo:; what results in the absence of the vagina?

A008. Vaginal plate does not develop

Q009. Embryo:; what results in vaginal atresia?

A009. Vaginal plate does not canalize

Q010. Embryo:; what does the labia minora develop from?

A010. Urogenital folds

Q011. Embryo:; what does the labia majora develop from?

A011. Labioscrotal swelling

Q012. Embryo:; what does the clitoris develop from?

A012. Genital tubercle

Q013. Embryo:; what does the fallopian tube develop from?

A013. Mullerian ducts

Q014. Embryo:; what (2) structures does the vagina originate from?

A014. Urogenital sinus; Mullerian ducts

Q015. what are the innominate bones composed of?; (3)

A015. Ileum,; Ischium,; Pubis

Q016. what separates the false pelvis from the true pelvis?

A016. Linea terminalis

Q017. which pelvis does the fetus pass during labor?

A017. True pelvis

Q018. what plane separates the false pelvis from the true pelvis?

A018. Pelvic Inlet

Q019. at what plane does the arrest of fetal descent occur?

A019. Plane of Least diameter

Q020. what is the value of the obstetric conjugate?

A020. 10.0 - 11.0

Q021. what is the value of the transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet?

A021. 13.5

Q022. what is the value of the Bispinous diameter of the pelvic midplane?

A022. 10

Q023. what is the transverse diameter of the Greatest Diameter?

A023. 12.5

Q024. what is the most common pelvic type?

A024. Gynecoid

Q025. what is found in the labia majora but not the labia minora?

A025. Hair follicles

Q026. Name type of epithelium:; Bartholin ducts

A026. Transitional

Q027. Name type of epithelium:; Skene duct

A027. Transitional

Q028. Name type of epithelium:; Urethra

A028. Transitional

Q029. Name type of epithelium:; Endocervical canal

A029. Columnar

Q030. what is the name of the part of the uterus where the fallopian tubes enter?

A030. Cornu

Q031. what are the (2) main anatomic divisions of the uterus?

A031. Corpus,; Cervix

Q032. what (2) arteries supply the uterus?

A032. Uterine artery,; Ovarian artery

Q033. where do the uterine veins enter the venous system?

A033. Internal iliac veins

Q034. what portion of the fallopian tube boarders the ovary?

A034. Infundibulum

Q035. what ligament supports the ovary?

A035. Broad ligament

Q036. before puberty, what is the ratio of the body of the uterus and the cervix length?

A036. 0.0423611111111111

Q037. what is the portion of the broad ligament b/t the ovaries and fallopian tube?

A037. Mesosalpinx

Q038. what ligaments prevent uterine prolaspe?

A038. Uterosacral ligaments

Q039. when do Oogonia stop developing?

A039. just before birth

Q040. how are trisomy pregnancies detected?

A040. Chorionic villus sampling

Q041. Genetics Dx:; microcephaly, distinctive facial features

A041. Cri-du-chat

Q042. what occurs with failure of testicular development in a XY zygote?

A042. patient develops as a female with uterus, tubes, vagina, and vulva (no ovaries)

Q043. what is the most common cause of mental retardation?

A043. Fragile X syndrome

Q044. what amount of folic acid should be taken by a pregnant woman who already has a child with a neural tube defect?

A044. 4 mg

Q045. when is the developing brain most susceptable to teratogens?

A045. 3 - 16 weeks

Q046. when is the developing neural tube most susceptable to teratogens?

A046. 2 - 4 weeks

Q047. when is the developing heart most susceptible to teratogens?

A047. 3 - 6 weeks

Q048. Cause of Teratogenic effect:; intrauterine growth retardation, fetal hypotension, pulmonary hypoplasia

A048. ACEi

Q049. Cause of Teratogenic effect:; skeletal defects, cleft palate

A049. Antiepileptics

Q050. Cause of Teratogenic effect:; CNS and ear defects, cleft lip/palate, cardiac and great velles defects; (2)

A050. Cyclophosphamide; Accutane

Q051. Cause of Teratogenic effect:; nasal hypoplasia, vertebral abnormalities, CNS malformations

A051. Warfarin

Q052. Cause of Teratogenic effect:; limb reduction, VSD, GI atresia

A052. Thalidomide

Q053. Cause of Teratogenic effect:; vaginal and cervical cancer, genital tract abnormalities

A053. DES; (Diethylstilbestrol)

Q054. Cause of Teratogenic effect:; staining of primary teeth

A054. Tetracycline

Q055. what mouth problem increases with pregnancy?

A055. Gingival Disease

Q056. how does glucose cross the placenta?

A056. faciliated diffusion

Q057. how do amino acids cross the placenta?

A057. active transport

Q058. how does pregnancy effect appetite?; gastric motility?

A058. apetite Increases; motility Decreases

Q059. how does pregnancy affect GB emptying?

A059. emptying is delayed

Q060. how does pregnancy affect liver enzymes?

A060. Increase

"Q061. when does ""morning sickness"" begin?"

A061. 4 - 8 weeks

Q062. what causes Ptyalism?

A062. inability for patient to swallow normal amounts of saliva

Q063. what causes the decreased GI motility during pregnancy?

A063. increased Progesterone

Q064. how many additional calories is allowed daily with pregnancy?

A064. 300

Q065. transit time in the stomach and small intestines increases by what percent in the second and third trimesters?

A065. 15 - 30%

Q066. during pregnancy how does the tone of the gastroesophageal sphinctor change?

A066. it Decreases; (GERD increases)

Q067. Definition:; pregnancy-related vascular swelling of the gums

A067. Epulis

Q068. what pulmonary measurement is decreased throughout pregnancy?

A068. Carbon dioxide pressure

Q069. what pulmonary measurement is decreased in late pregnancy?

A069. Functional Reserve Capacity; (FRC)

Q070. what is the maternal acid-base balance in pregnancy?

A070. mild Respiratory Alkalosis

Q071. the Tidal volume in pregnancy increases by what percent?

A071. 30 - 40%

Q072. in a normal singleton pregnancy what is the percent increase of maternal blood volume?

A072. 0.45

Q073. in what position is maternal BP the highest?

A073. Seated

Q074. what is the BP change in the lateral recumbent position of the inferior arm of a pregnant mother?

A074. BP in inferior arm is higher then superior arm

Q075. pregnancy-assoc systolic ejection murmurs are heard best where?

A075. over left upper sternal boarder

Q076. compensation for the occlusion of the inferior vena cava by the pregnant uterus is accomplished by shunting blood through what?

A076. Paravertebral collateral circulation

Q077. what causes inferior vena cava syndrome?

A077. compression by the gravid uterine corpus

Q078. what causes the decrease in peripheral vascular resistance during pregnancy?

A078. increased Progesterone

Q079. plasma volume begins to increase at the sixth week of pregnancy and reaches its maximum at what time?

A079. 30 - 34 weeks

Q080. what hematologic parameter is decreased in pregnancy?

A080. Hematocrit

Q081. what lab value related to iron is increased in pregnancy?

A081. Total Iron-binding capacity

Q082. what CV risk increases with pregnancy?

A082. thromboembolism

Q083. what does lack of maternal iron ingestion during pregnancy result in?

A083. Maternal Anemia

Q084. what renal functions increase during pregnancy?; (3)

A084. GFR,; Renal Plasma Flow,; Renin

Q085. during pregnancy, what is the effect of progesterone on the ureters?

A085. there is more dilation of the right versus the left

Q086. what (3) urinary labs decrease in pregnancy?

A086. Creatinine,; Uric Acid,; Blood Urea Nitrogen

Q087. Definition:; change in facial pigmentation during preganacy

A087. Chloasma

Q088. what causes blurred vision during pregnancy?

A088. swelling of the lens

Q089. what percent of total CO is channeled to the uterus during pregnancy?

A089. 0.2

Q090. what is the main metabolic change that occurs with pregnancy?

A090. Hyperglycemia

"Q091. what causes the ""hemorrhoids"" that develop late in pregnancy?"

A091. elevated pelvic venous pressure

Q092. what is the thyroid change in pregnancy?

A092. none...Euthyroid

Q093. what is Diastasis recti?

A093. Midline separation of the rectus muscles

Q094. how does the CO2 gradient b/t fetus and mother change in the later half of pregnancy?

A094. Increases

Q095. how much does the BUN fall in the first trimester?

A095. 0.25

Q096. what is the urinary protein loss in pregnancy?

A096. 100 - 300 mg/24 hrs

Q097. how long after the delivery will the hair loss assoc with pregnancy return?

A097. 6 - 12 months

Q098. when does breast enlargement occur with pregnancy?

A098. first trimester

Q099. the vision changes in pregnancy assoc. with increased thickness of the cornea regresses within what time?

A099. 6 - 8 weeks postpartum

Q100. why is supplemental vitamin K given to newborns?

A100. b/c of their fetal liver immaturity in the immediate newborn

Q002. what portion of the embryo gives rise to the reproductive system?

A002. Urogenital ridges

Q003. what portion of the ovary contains the developing follicles?

A003. cortex

Q004. what is the first indication of the sex in the embryo?

A004. formation of the tunica albuginea

Q005. the primordial germ cells can be identified during the 4th week of development where?

A005. Yolk sac

Q001. what is the genital system developed from?

A001. mesoderm