UTD BCOM 3310 Quiz #1

How do you structure an introduction?

--Communicate a point and common ground --Summarize what you will talk about

What is the semantic triangle?

--Consists of WORD/SYMBOL (WORD BEING COMMUNICATED), EX: dog --THOUGHT/REFERENCE (CONNOTATIVE OR THOUGHT) EX: cute, friendly --SUBJECT OR OBJECT (DENOTATIVE; THING) EX: golden retriever

How do we assign meaning to words (denotative v. connotative)? How do the majority of communication problems occur?

--Denotative Messages - objective, dictionary definition; reference to the primary association a word has --Connotative Messages - the subjective, emotional meaning; secondary meaning // language & culture

What are dos and donts of visual aids?

--Do make a clear connection between your words and the visual aid for the audience. --Do not distract the audience with your visual aid, blocking their view of you or adjusting the visual aid repeatedly while trying to speak. --Do speak to your audience—not to the whiteboard, the video, or other visual aids.

What is a self-concept?

--Objective aspects: are based on facts, such as your height, hair color, age, and occupation --Subjective aspects: are based on opinions or evaluations, such as your honesty, sense of humor, intelligence, and talent --self-esteem is how you feel about yourself; your feelings of self-worth, self-acceptance, and self-respect.

What is serial position effect (i.e., primacy and recency)?

--Primacy effect refers to the better recall of items from the beginning of list (first three or four items), --Recency effect refers to the better recall of items from the end of the list (last three or four items) than middle items of the list.

What are signposts, summaries, foreshadowing, and repetition?

--Signposts (or indicators), are key words that alert the audience to a change in topic, a tangential explanation, an example, or a conclusion //EX: hand movements can be used to allude solution, or say "In conclusion" --Internal Summaries & Foreshadowing: help the audience to keep track of where they are in the message. Helps reinforce relationship b/w points //EX: first step, second step ... Repetition: if used correctly, it can help audience to retain memory and meaning

What is the difference between the transactional model, linear model, and constructivist model?

--Transitional model: The distinction between source and receiver is blurred in conversational turn-taking, for example, where both participants play both roles simultaneously. --constructivist: focus on the negotiated meaning, or common ground, when trying to describe communication --linear model: the sender communicates to the receiver. It is a one way channel. EX: radio/tv to person

What are the differences between attitudes, beliefs, and values?

--attitude is your immediate disposition toward a concept or an object. Attitudes can change easily and frequently. //EX: I enjoyed the writing exercise in class today. --Beliefs are ideas based on our previous experiences and convictions and may not necessarily be based on logic or fact. //EX: This course is important because I may use the communication skills I am learning in my career. --Values are core concepts and ideas of what we consider good or bad, right or wrong, or what is worth the sacrifice. Our values are central to our self-image, what makes us who we are. //EX: may not wear helmet, but someone you care about gets hurt so you reconsider this choice.

What are the obstacles to communication (e.g., clichés, jargon, slang, sexist and racist language, euphemisms, and doublespeak)?

--cliché is a once-clever word or phrase that has lost its impact through overuse. //EX: The apple doesn't fall far from the tree. --Jargon: an occupation-specific language used by people in a given profession(doesn't have to be professional) //doctors talk technical about procedure --slang: use of existing or newly invented words to take the place of standard or traditional words with the intent of adding an unconventional, nonstandard, humorous, or rebellious effect //EX: yaaassss queen! Omg! Lol! --sexist & racist language: discriminate against race and/or gender --euphemisms: involves substituting an acceptable word for an offensive, controversial, or unacceptable one that conveys the same or similar meaning //EX: When referring to death, you say passed away instead of died/dead --doublespeak: deliberate use of words to disguise, obscure, or change meaning. often present in bureaucratic communication, where it can serve to cast a person or an organization in a less unfavorable light than plain language would do. //EX: "collateral damage" is often used to refer to civilian deaths.

What are the looking-glass self and the self-fulfilling prophecy?

--looking-glass self:reinforces how we look to others and how they view us, treat us, and interact with us to gain insight of our identity. --self-fulfilling prophecy: in which someone's behavior comes to match and mirror others' expectations, is not new.

What are some good strategies to combat fears of public speaking?

-Organization Is Key to Success -Focus at something in the room

What are the different types of interference/noise one can experience?

-Psychological noise: is what happens when your thoughts occupy your attention while you are hearing, or reading, a message -Noise interferes -Others: hunger, tired

How do you construct a specific purpose?

-Staying Organized -Plan Your Search for Information -Ethics, Content Selection, and Avoiding Plagiarism -Searching for Information on the Internet -Compiling Your Information

What is the five-finger model of public speaking? Be able to identify examples of each finger.

1. Attention Statement: The attention statement is the way you focus the audience's attention on you and your speech. 2. Introduction: Your introduction introduces you and your topic, and should establish a relationship with your audience and state your topic clearly. 3. Body: In the body, or main content area of your speech, you will naturally turn to one of the organizational patterns. 4. Conclusion: You conclusion should provide the audience with a sense of closure by summarizing the main points and relating the points to the overall topic. 5. Residual Message: The residual message is an idea or thought that stays with your audience well after the speech.

What are the different types of resumes (table 9.5)?

1. Reverse Chronological //Reverse chronological résumés (also called reverse time order) focus on work history. --Adv.: Demonstrates a consistent work history --Dis.: It may be difficult to highlight skills and experience. 2. Functional //Functional résumés (also called competency-based résumés) focus on skills. --Adv.: Demonstrates skills that can clearly link to job functions or duties --Dis.: It is often associated with people who have gaps in their employment history. 3. Combination //A combination résumé lists your skills and experience first, then employment history and education. --Adv.: Highlights the skills you have that are relevant to the job and provides a reverse chronological work history --Dis.: Some employers prefer a reverse chronological order. 4. Targeted //A targeted résumé is a custom document that specifically highlights the experience and skills that are relevant to the job. --Adv.: Points out to the reader how your qualifications and experience clearly match the job duties --Dis.: Custom documents take additional time, preparation, analysis of the job announcement, and may not fit the established guidelines. 5. Scannable //A scannable résumé is specifically formatted to be read by a scanner and converted to digital information. --Adv.: Increasingly used to facilitate search and retrieval, and to reduce physical storage costs --Dis.: Scanners may not read the résumé correctly.

1. What are the eight essential components of communication? What do they look like in real life?

1. Source: imagines, creates, and sends the message --EX: speaking to an audience 2. Message: stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the receiver or audience 3. Channel: is the way in which a message or messages travel between source and receiver --EX: face-to-face conversations, email, blog, letter 4. Receiver: receives the message from the source 5. Feedback: respond to the source, intentionally/ unintentionally or verbal/nonverbal 6. Environment: the atmosphere, physical and psychological, where you send and receive messages --EX: include the tables, chairs, lighting, and sound equipment; formal/casual event 7. Context: communication interaction involves the setting, scene, and expectations of the individuals involved --EX: at school student has different relations with other students and teachers based on school environment and verbal & nonverbal cues 8. Interference: anything that blocks or changes the source's intended meaning of the message

What are the different types of general speech purposes?

1. Speech to inform. Increase the audience's knowledge, teach about a topic or issue, and share your expertise. 2.Speech to demonstrate. Show the audience how to use, operate, or do something. 3.Speech to persuade. Influence the audience by presenting arguments intended to change attitudes, beliefs, or values. 4.Speech to entertain. Amuse the audience by engaging them in a relatively light-hearted speech that may have a serious point or goal. 5.Ceremonial speech. Perform a ritual function, such as give a toast at a wedding reception or a eulogy at a funeral.

What are the major types of interview questions?

1. Tell me about yourself. 2. Have you ever done this type of work before? 3. Why should we hire you? 4. What are your greatest strengths? Weaknesses? 5. Give me an example of a time when you worked under pressure. 6. Tell me about a time you encountered (X) type of problem at work. How did you solve the problem? 7. Why did you leave your last job? 8. How has your education and/or experience prepared you for this job? 9. Why do you want to work here? 10. What are your long-range goals? Where do you see yourself three years from now? 11. Do you have any questions?

What are the three main factors to consider when picking a topic?

1.Appeal 2.Appropriateness 3.Ability

What does a good thesis statement look like?

1.be a declarative statement; 2.be a complete sentence; 3.use specific language, not vague generalities; 4.be a single idea; 5.reflect consideration of the audience.

What are the differences between an APA Reference Page and an MLA Works Cited page?

APA: 1. references 2.common place for citation: social sciences 3. uses a title page prior to paper 4.authors names are listed last name, first initial 5. in-text citations should have author, year, & page number 6. headings & subheadings are used to organize the paper mla: 1. work cited 2.common place for citation: humanities 3.authors names are listed last name, first name 4.in-text citations should have author & page number 5. no headings & subheadings

How do you use lecturns/podiums?

Formal occasion/demonstration

What are appropriate facial gestures and eye contact?

Good stance: Shoulder width apart. Movement to powerpoint. Don't twist the legs. There is a personal style element to this. Body position and movement: Rocking/ swaying Pee stance Moving too much Staying rooted in one place Hiding behind podium Gestures Think about the size of your gestures and your habits (good and bad) Avoid: No gestures at all (hands behind back) Hands in pocket Tugging on clothing or hair Making noises with hands (slapping podium)

How should you answer "tell me about yourself" in an interview?

Guidelines 1. 90 seconds, tops. 2.WIIFM, focus on what will interest the interviewer the most (tailor response to the job or organization) 3.Good goal is to talk about what you are currently doing, what you've done in the past, and how you see yourself in the future (as it applies to this company)...currently student at UTD majoring in xyz. My past classes or internship or job prepared me in xyz ways/skills...I hope to build upon this knowledge base by working at your company because... 4."Well, I'm currently an account executive at Smith, where I handle our top performing client. Before that, I worked at an agency where I was on three different major national healthcare brands. And while I really enjoyed the work that I did, I'd love the chance to dig in much deeper with one specific healthcare company, which is why I'm so excited about this opportunity with Metro Health Center."

What are the differences between an APA and MLA in-text citation? Can you tell the difference?

In-text citations: MLA: "...no significant results" (Johnson 34). APA: "...no significant results" (Johnson, 2003, p. 34).

What should a good introduction do and include?

Include attention statements.

How can interpretation, point of view, and/or bias impact your presentation? How can you present a neutral speech?

It can cause a bias in your speech and may mention how you feel rather than what is going on. To present a neutral speech, you have to focus on what happened and why.

What are ethos, logos, and pathos?

Pathos - tone, emphasis, engagement Logos - clarity, conciseness, arrangement Ethos - credibility, expectation, reference This comes from Aristotle (Greek philosopher) Ethos- your perception of a speaker's credibility, intelligence, and motives. Pathos- appealing to someone's emotions Logos- appealing to your audience based on fact and data. 3 main ingredients of persuasion a) Ethos: the nature of the communicator b) Pathos: emotional state of the audience c) Logos: message arguments Ethos (character)- your perception of a speaker's credibility, intelligence, and motives. Ethos is not something that a speaker has and it is detected. It is something that an audience member perceives. Since perceptions can vary, one's ethos can vary from listener to listener. It can also vary for the same listener given a different situation or with the passage of time. Ethos consists of perceptions of the speaker's trustworthiness, competence, open-mindedness, and dynamism (achieving the right balance of enthusiasm and self-control)—each of which are impacted by the context/situation in which the speaker is speaking. (on next slide Pathos (Experience)- appealing to someone's emotions Logos (word)- appealing to your audience based on fact and data. 3 main ingredients of persuasion a) Ethos: the nature of the communicator b) Pathos: emotional state of the audience c) Logos: message arguments

What are the criteria for preparing visual aids?

Presentational aids- visual or audiovisual materials that help clarify, support, and /or strengthen the verbal content of a speech. -When used properly, they can strengthen your thesis and help your audience better understand your main points. -They can help audience members visualize some of the topics you are discussing. However, when you don't incorporate them properly, they can be distracting and actually take away from your message. Promoting clarity- many people are visual learners, meaning they retain and understand information more when they are presented with it visually, or can create a picture of it in their heads. Therefore, visual aids can be a great way to help your audience understand your topic/arguments. Explain how the visual graph of how people use smartphones helps us visualize the differences between the reasons better than if we just stated them within a speech. Assisting Retention- more likely to remember things to see, than things you hear. For example, we are better able to remember faces than people's names. Therefore, including visuals in your speech will help people remember what said. This might be especially important in a job pitch when you are trying to acquire a potential client. Providing Emphasis- using a visual aid to clarify something suggests that the topic is important, something you want your audience to remember. Remember: graphics, pictures, and/or videos are always more memorable and effective than simply listing words on a PowerPoint. Provide Support- visuals such as graphs, charts, and pictures can help support your ideas within your speech. You should use them to add another layer of support that is much more effective than simply verbally citing information, plus they tend to have more of an overall impact. Just make sure you use aids from reputable sources and never forget to cite where you received your information. Your book gives many examples of different types of graphs/charts you could use. Emotional Involvement- images often encourage people to face the reality of your topic/argument. Therefore, even if they did not experience something themselves (such as war, poverty, or devastation) they are able to experience some sort of understanding when presented with pictures of what others have gone through.

What are the major difference between an APA reference page entry and other styles? Can you identify one?

Reference citations: MLA: Johnson, Thomas. Studies in College. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003. Print. APA: Johnson, T. (2003). Studies in college. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

How do you evaluate a source?

Run the CRAAP test on all your sources/information Currency - Does the date of publication meet your needs? Do you need current information or history? When was it published? For websites, when was the last revision/update? Does your topic require the most current information? 1993 newspaper article on dating will not be helpful to your speech on how to land a significant other. 1912 article the day after the Titanic sunk would be helpful Relevance (Audience) - How well does it relate to your topic? Who is the intended audience? Does this satisfy your information need? Is it appropriate for your class or audience? Authority - Who is the author? What are the author's credentials or affiliations? Are they qualified to write on this topic? e.g. Author of "Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus" got PhD by correspondense. Gray received an unaccredited PhD degree by correspondence in 1982 from Columbia Pacific University (CPU), Accuracy (Validity) - Where does the information come from? Is the information supported by evidence? Does the author cite their sources? Wouldn't go to buzzfeed for financial information Purpose (POV/Bias) - Is the purpose to inform, sell, entertain or persuade the reader? Is the information fact, opinion or propaganda? Can you identify any bias? Does the information promote a particular viewpoint or seem to have an agenda?

What are the different types of interviews?

SCREENING ¨Phone ¨Online ¨Job fairs ¨Texting ¨Messaging through a platform like LinkedIn HIRING/PLACING ¨One-on-one ¨Panel ¨Group ¨Lunch/dinner interview ¨Sequential ¨Stress ¨Online

What are the steps of a conclusion?

Summarize key points

What's the difference between an informative and persuasive speech?

The purpose of an informative speech is to share ideas with the audience, increase their understanding, change their perceptions, or help them gain new skills. An informative speech incorporates the speaker's point of view but not attitude or interpretation.

What is a residual message?

a message or thought that stays with your audience well after the communication is finished, is an important part of your message. Ask yourself of the following: 1. What do I want my listeners or readers to remember? 2. What information do I want to have the audience retain or act upon? What do I want the audience to do?

Why should you know how the audience feels about your topic?

communication is a two-way process; even if you are the only one speaking, the audience is an essential part of your speech. Put yourself in their place and imagine how to make your topic relevant for them. What information will they actually use once your speech is over?

How do you use vocalics effectively?

it depends on context of place and situation.

How do you answer questions appropriately at the end of a presentation?

looking for trends across a specific type of nonverbal communication can be an effective strategy. Focus on one behavior you exhibit on your videotape, like pacing, body movements across the stage, hand gestures as you are making a point, or eye contact with the audience.

What is the speaker's triangle?

move as you transition, step forward as you make a significant point, aim for balance, and avoid standing in the light

What are the three different types of messages and their functions?

o Primary messages refer to the intentional content, both verbal and nonverbal. o Secondary messages refer to the unintentional content, both verbal and nonverbal. Your audience will form impressions of your intentional messages, both negative and positive, over which you have no control. Perceptions of physical attractiveness, age, gender, or ethnicity or even simple mannerisms and patterns of speech may unintentionally influence the message. o Auxiliary messages refer to the intentional and unintentional ways a primary message is communicated. This may include vocal inflection, gestures and posture, or rate of speech that influence the interpretation or perception of your message.

How do you avoid plagiarism? How do you incorporate quotes and paraphrasing into your presentations (what to do v. what not to do)?

quote where you got information

3 stages of perception

selection, organization, interpretation

What are the major requirements for a CMC template resume? HINT: The book differs in its resume advice from what we discuss in class. This is true for listing references and objective statements. If questions about these items are on the test, you will be asked about what we discussed in lecture, not the book content.

¨Contact info ¨Education ¨Work Experience ¨Volunteer Experience or Leadership or Clubs ¨Other information ¤Technical Skills ¤Languages ¤Eligibility Statement

1. How do you answer behavioral or situational interview questions? Understand STAR and PARL

¨S for SITUATION: The interviewer wants you to present a recent challenge and situation in which you found yourself. ¨T for TASK: What did you have to achieve or resolve? The interviewer will be looking to see what you were trying to achieve from the situation. ¨A for ACTION: What did you do? The interviewer will be looking for information on what you did, why you did it and what were the alternatives. ¨R for RESULT: What was the outcome of your actions? What did you achieve through your actions and did you meet your objectives. What did you learn from this experience? P for PROBLEM: or situation ("What happened") A for ACTIONS: you took ("What did you do") R for RESULTS: or outcomes ("What was the result") L for LEARNING: or KNOWLEDGE you gained ("What did you learn? How have you grown as a person?")

What are the organizing principles for a speech? Be able to identify time through elimination from table 12.6. Will not test on ceremonial through oral interpretation)

¨Words used sparingly ¨Use keywords to prompt recall ¨Might want to write out ¤Transitions ¤Quotations ¤Statistics ¨Placed on notecards for speech

In what situations should you send a thank you note or follow up?

¨Write a thank you note and send it ¨Write to someone who has helped you in your career, given you advice, or provided you with some other information/help ¨General outline: Thank them. Say why you're thanking them. Give a specific of why it meant something. Thank them again.

How do you cite in a speech?

¨You use direct quotations ¨You use arguable information that is not your opinion ¨You use information that is not common knowledge ¨The opinions and assertions of others ¨Any information you did not generate yourself //EX:¨According to Joe Smith of The New York Times, "Lil' Wayne is a no-talent hack riding the coattails of more successful rappers" (35). //EX:¨Some critics even believe that Justin Beiber is not a real artist; he is merely a YouTube sensation taken too far (Johnson 22//EX:¨According to Joe Smith of The New York Times, "Lil' Wayne is a no-talent hack riding the coattails of more successful rappers" (35). //EX:¨Some critics even believe that Justin Beiber is not a real artist; he is merely a YouTube sensation taken too far (Johnson 22).).

What are the different categories of informative speeches? (focus on the main four)

¨an explanation, ¨a report, ¨a description, or ¨a demonstration of how to do something.

What's the 6 x 6 rule?

•6 words per line & •6 lines per slide

What are the different types of transitions? (Focus on the main ones shown on the slides)

•Signposts: A signpost alerts the audience that you are moving from one topic to the next. Signposts or signal words draw attention to themselves and focus the audience's attention. //EX: Stop and consider, we can now address, next I'd like to explain, turning from/to, another, this reminds me of, I would like to emphasize •Internal Preview: An internal preview is a brief statement referring to a point you are going to make. It can forecast or foreshadow a main point coming in your speech. //EX: If we look ahead to, next we'll examine, now we can focus our attention on, first we'll look at, then we'll examine •Internal Summaries: An internal summary briefly covers information or alludes to information introduced previously. It can remind an audience of a previous point and reinforce information covered in your speech. //EX: As I have said, as we have seen, as mentioned earlier, in any event, in other words, in short, on the whole, therefore, to summarize, as a result, as I've noted previously, in conclusion •Rhetorical Questions:Highlights movement and assists flow17 of our sons and daughters have already died in gang-related crime. How many will it take before we act? Encourages listeners' involvement Stimulates thought without verbal response Setting goals is easy, but achieving them isn't. How are you sabotaging yourself? Helps listeners focus by engaging emotions e.g. at a political rally: What have they ever done to help us?

Identify examples of the five types of context.

○Intrapersonal-oneself EX: I have written myself slide notes that I wouldn't share with anyone. ○Interpersonal- 2 people EX: I have told you in person ○Group-few people EX: I talk to 3-8 people about my template color choices ○Public- one person speaks to group of people EX: I'm showing the class my slides and talking ○Mass- one person sends single message to group of people