valvular heart disease S.L.

Micro Quiz 1, Question 3 The nurse is assessing a patient with suspected aortic valve stenosis. Which subjective findings would the nurse expect?

Chest pain Shortness of breath Dizziness upon standing (also called syncope) All these are commonly reported symptoms of aortic valve stenosis.

Lesson Assessment, Question 8 The nurse is caring for a patient after valve replacement surgery. The patient reports chest pain 6/10 and mild dyspnea. The nurse notes oxygen saturation 92% on 2L via NC, HR 68 bpm, BP 86/42 mmHg, and respirations 16 per minute. Which action is most important for the nurse to take?

Give IV normal saline bolus The patient is hypotensive, and should be given a fluid bolus to prevent further complications

Micro Quiz 3, Question 2 The nurse is caring for a patient with mitral valve stenosis. Which snack is most appropriate?

Grilled chicken pita wraps Pita bread and grilled chicken are low in sodium and would be the best option for a patient with mitral valve stenosis.

Lesson Assessment, Question 4 A nurse is assessing an older adult patient with mitral valve stenosis and a history of unstable angina. Which therapy would the nurse anticipate as a conservative therapy for this patient?

Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty PBTV is considered a conservative treatment. It involves threading a balloon-tipped catheter from the femoral artery to the stenotic valve so that the balloon may be inflated in an attempt to separate valve leaflets

Lesson Assessment, Question 2 The nurse is caring for a patient with diagnosed aortic regurgitation. Which patient history finding would the nurse note as a possible cause?

Untreated strep pharyngitis Mitral valve disease is often associated with rheumatic heart disease, which can be attributed to untreated strep infections.

Micro Quiz 2, Question 3 A patient with mitral valve stenosis has not responded well to drug therapy and the health care team is considering valve replacement. Which statement to the patient best describes the differences between a biologic and mechanical valve?

"Biologic valves cause less patient bleeding than mechanical valves do." Unlike mechanical valves, biologic valves do not require anticoagulant therapy because of their low thrombogenic properties.

Micro Quiz 3, Question 1 A patient with valvular heart disease is being discharged. After discharge teaching, the patient states, "I will need a week of bed rest first." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

"You should balance your activity with rest periods." Activities should be balanced with rest periods to conserve energy.

Micro Quiz 2, Question 1 A patient presents with chest pain, shortness of breath, syncope, fever, chills, and myalgias. Which health care provider order would the nurse implement first to prevent valvular heart disease?

Administer intravenous (IV) antibiotics IV antibiotics would be administered to prevent permanent damage to the heart muscle, which can lead to valvular heart disease.

Micro Quiz 1, Question 2 Which signs and symptoms are associated with aortic valve regurgitation?

Angina Orthopnea Exertional Dyspnea All are symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation.

Lesson Assessment, Question 6 A 32-year-old female patient with valvular heart disease has been treated with metoprolol and digoxin for several years. After undergoing transcutaneous valvuloplasty, the patient continues to experience dyspnea and pulmonary edema. Which treatment would the nurse anticipate next?

Biologic valve replacement Female patients of childbearing age typically receive biologic valve replacements because they are not candidates for anticoagulation therapy.

Lesson Assessment, Question 5 The nurse is caring for a 72-year-old patient with a history of alcohol-related cirrhosis and who has been diagnosed with aortic stenosis. Previous drug therapy and valve repair were unsuccessful. Which procedure would the nurse anticipate?

Biologic valve replacement The patient's cirrhosis increases the risk for bleeding. Biologic valve replacement is indicated.

Lesson Assessment, Question 9 The nurse is performing a follow-up assessment for a patient after open surgical valvuloplasty. Which assessment findings would be concerning?

Dry cough Cough is a sign of pulmonary compromise, which is related to heart disease and would be concerning to the nurse. Orthopnea Orthopnea is a sign of developing heart failure and would be concerning for the nurse. Peripheral edema Peripheral edema is a sign of developing heart failure and would be concerning for the nurse. Saturated surgical dressing A saturated surgical dressing is a sign of hemorrhage and would be concerning for the nurse.

Lesson Assessment, Question 1 Which subjective symptoms would the nurse recognize as being associated with chronic mitral valve regurgitation?

Dyspnea Dyspnea on exertion is often associated with chronic mitral valve regurgitation. Chest pain Angina is often associated with chronic mitral valve regurgitation. Generalized fatigue Generalized fatigue is a common symptom associated with mitral valve regurgitation and is related to impaired tissue perfusion and cardiac workload.

Lesson Assessment, Question 7 The nurse is caring for a patient with mitral stenosis and who experiences nausea, muscle weakness, and chest heaviness. The nurse notes an apical pulse of 58 bpm. Which action is most important for the nurse to take?

Hold the PO digoxin The patient's symptoms indicate digoxin toxicity. The nurse would hold the patient's dose of digoxin. Also, digoxin administration is contraindicated with bradycardia

Micro Quiz 2, Question 2 A patient with mitral stenosis reports syncope, palpitations, and chest pressure. Which provider orders would the nurse anticipate?

IV Lasix Diuretics, such as Lasix are administered for patient with mitral stenosis to decrease preload. PO digoxin Positive inotropes, such as digoxin are often prescribed for patients with valvular heart disease to promote cardiac contractility. IV Metoprolol Beta blockers are administered to patients with mitral stenosis to improve cardiac contractility.

Micro Quiz 1, Question 1 Which statement best describes the pathophysiological changes associated with valvular regurgitation?

Incomplete closure of the valve leaflets and backward flow of blood Regurgitation involves incomplete closure of the valve leaflets; this results in a backflow of blood.

Micro Quiz 3, Question 3 The nurse is caring for a patient after mechanical valve replacement surgery. Which lab finding would be most concerning?

International normalized ratio (INR) 1.2 An INR of 1.2 is considered not therapeutic and indicates anticoagulant therapy is not effective

Lesson Assessment, Question 3 The nurse is caring for a patient who reports frequent angina, dyspnea on exertion, and peripheral edema. The nurse notes a systolic murmur on auscultation and crackles in the lungs. Which diagnostic test would the nurse anticipate?

Transesophageal echocardiogram An echocardiogram will allow visualization of the cardiac valves