Veins and Arteries Chapter 23

Summary How many veins drain the thigh?

-1 femoral -1 greater saphenous. 2 total.

All veins which drain the forearm up into the arm. -2 ______ veins. -2 _______ veins. -1 _______ vein -1_______ vein - The forearm is drained into the arm by a total of __ veins.

-2 radial veins -2 ulnar veins -1 basliar -1 cephalic -6 veins.

Veins arm up. -__ veins that drain the arm superiorly. -__ veins merge to from the axillary vein. -Which are? - The _______ vein, is lateral and connects up higher where the axillary becomes the subclavian.

-4 -3 -2 Brachial (deep) veins. -1 basilic vein (superficial) -Cephalic

TEST QUESTION "In the female what is the first pair of arteries to branch of the descending abdominal aorta?"

ANSWER IS "RENAL", BECAUSE IT IS MORE SUPERIOR AND BRANCHES 1ST! DOSNT MATTER WHT GENDER HE MENTIONS.

Common hepatic artery branches into three arteries, which branches into more. Lateral branch: _______ artery ______, which goes into three arteries. 1. Right _______ artery 2. Left _______ artery 3. Right _______ artery, ( meets up with the Left part, which came off the celiac trunk). -What do all of these supply? Inferior branch: _____ _________ -Supplies?

Common hepatic artery: 1. Hepatic artery proper 2. Right 3. left hepatic arteries: -Liver, part of stomach -Right Gastric artery - Left Gastric artery came off the celiac trunk: these 2 come together to supply stomach - Gastro Duodenal: Duodenal

Types of Capillaries 3 types of capillaries. What are they *hints* - Continues - In Latin means window, port holes in this, in kidney, filtering blood stuff can leave. -large spaces, in liver

Continuous: Fenestrated: Sinusoids:

When the 2 pressures meet in the _________, we get a ______, and the ________ ends. Where do we get it from? Can we get a pulse from veins? Why or why not?

Capillaries, pulse, pulsating Artery Because there is only one pressure, we need both systolic and diastolic to generate the pulse.

General Arterial Flow Out of the Heart The aortic arch then turns in the _________ _______. Just know that it innervates lots of stuff in the _______ cavity, and the ______ cavity. This keep descending, and at the _____ ________ vertebra, the aorta bifurcates into left and right ______ _______ arteries. Common _____ arteries further divide into ________ and _________ ______ arteries

Descending aorta. Thoracic and Abdomen. At the fourth lumbar vertebra, the aorta bifurcates into left and right common iliac arteries. Common iliac arteries further divide into internal and external iliac arteries

Blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart There are three types: ?????

Elastic arteries Muscular arteries Arterioles

3 pumps to help Venous blood back to heart What are they? STUDY how the PRESSURE WORKS MORE IN REGARD TO UP AND DOWN TO GO UP???

Heart as primary Skeletal muscle pump Repository pump

Inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to which side and organs? DRAW

LEFT SIDE Left Colin- Descending Colin, Sigmoid colon, and Rectum

Veins _______ than venules, but are made up of venules. _______ and ________ -sized veins travel with muscular arteries. _______ veins travel with elastic arteries Blood pressure in veins is low, so most contain _______ to prevent pooling Valves are Formed from the tunica _______.

Larger Smaller and medium Large Valves Intima

Comparison of Companion Vessels Elastic Arteries Size wise are the _______ arteries Most examples are near the heart Aorta, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, common carotids, subclavians. _____ _______ in all three tunics allows these arteries to stretch and relax. Just like an elastic band. These arteries branch into ________ arteries.

Largest Elastic fibers muscular arteries

Blood Flow Through the Head and Neck Left and right ______ ________ arteries supply most of the blood to the head and neck At the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, the left and RT_____ ______ both branch up into the external and internal carotid arteries (2 sets)

Left and right common carotid arteries supply most of the blood to the head and neck At the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, they divide into external and internal carotid arteries

How to help veins get blood back to heart. Blood needs help returning from the upper and lower extremities. As ________ _______ contracts, they help move blood toward the heart. This is called the _______ ______ pump Venous return also assisted by the respiratory pump

Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle

Capillaries ___________ blood vessels Diameter only slightly larger than an erythrocyte Wall consists solely of the tunica ______ __________ layer of endothelial cells Only allow for ______ row of eurhtorocytes to enter IMPORTANT Only type of blood vessel where ________ exchange can occur between blood and tissues

Smallest Intima single layer of cells. Single row Metabolic

Describe the size of the Walls of an Artery Vein Capillary

Thick walled, smaller diameter tube. Thin walls, large diameter tube, also valves. capillaries join the two and are single cell thick, simple suamous epithelium. This is where nutrients get in and out of the circulatory system.

The pressure pushing the blood beings to decreases as it leaves the _____ until it reaches the ______, where there is basically no pressure left.

aorta to the venae cavae

DRAW THIS POSSIBLY TO GET BETTER WITH IT Capillary Beds Arterioles form capillary beds Each bed is fed by a _________ Branches from the _______ that begin with a ring of ______ muscle on their walls are called true capillaries.

metarteriole Smooth muscle

How the Thoracic cavity drains. The azygos vein receives blood from both RT and LT sides of the thoracic cavity, the hemiazygos vein, and accessory hemiazygos veins. Blood from the azygos vein goes up and drains into what before the heart?

superior vena cava before heart

DARW THIS POSSIBLY TO GET BETTER Metarteriole are called this as long as they have these smooth muscle, as soon as they have those smooth muscle rings, they are known as A ________ channel, which connects to the smallest of the veins called the ___________ ______, this allow some ________ to flow into it.

thoroughfare Post capillary Venule substance

Blood Flow through the Posterior Abdominal Organs, Pelvis. ADD TO WIRE MAN DRAWING. -Two paired arteries that branch of the descending _________ aorta. -RT and LT ______ arteries: Supply the ________. -This is the ________ pair to branch. -RT and LT _______ arteries -This is the _______ pair to branch.

-Abdominal -Renal arteries: Supply the kidneys -Superior and 1st to branch. -Gonadal arteries: -Inferior and 2nd to branch.

ADD TO WIRE MAN After and below the Renal and gonadal arteries, the Descending __________ aorta branches into the ______ internal iliac artery. This will then branch into the ______ ______ artery, and the ______ ______ artery.

-Abdominal, common - Internal and external Iliac arteries.

Artery blood Flow Through the Upper Limb -The right subclavian artery (branches off the ___________ _____). -The left subclavian artery (branches off the ______ ____). -These arteries supply blood to the _____ _____.

-Aortic arch -Brachiocephalic trunk -Upper limps.

Artery blood flow shoulder down. -The subclavian artery's name changes as it goes lateral and inferior to the _________ artery. -This artery supplies the ________, ________ region, and as it moves more inferior it turns into the _________ artery. -Which supplies?

-Axillary -This artery supplies the shoulder and thoracic region As the axillary artery passes inferior to brachial artery -Arm.

From where does blood flow in the superior vena cava? From where does blood flow into the inferior vena cava?

-Head, neck, thoracic, upper appendages. -Abdomen, pelvic, lower appendages

Factors That Influence Venous Return Blood Pressure Systolic blood pressure: Pressure during ventricular systole. It is the _______. Diastolic blood pressure: Pressure during ventricular diastole. It is the _______. Pulsatile until reaches _________

-Highest -Lowest -Capillaries

SUPERFICIAL Vein Drainage foot, leg up. -On the _______ of the foot -The ______ _______ arch drains up into the _____ ___________ vein. -This travels _________. - It also drains up into the _____ ___________ vein. -This travels _________.

-On the dorsum of the foot. -The dorsal venous arch drains into the great saphenous vein -medially anteriorly, superficial. -Small saphenous vein -laterally, posteriorly (calf), superficial.

*TEST QUESTION* ADD TO DRAWING Where do the both the Internal and external jugular veins join/drain into? internal jugular vein and the external jugular vein, drain into the

-Subclavian vein is the ANSWER! which turns into the brachiocephalic vein

Veins draining from fingers up to palm, up to forearm. - The Digital veins. - The ___________ ______ venous arch. (not dorsum) - The ____ ______venous arch. (not dorsum) -These 3 travel up, and merge into- - a ____ of _______ veins. - a ____ of _____ veins

-Superficual palmar -Deep palmar -Pair of radial veins (2) -Pair of ulnar veins (2)

*Remember* *Gonadal arteries* can only be used if the question or cadaver is non gender specific. Must use: -__________ arteries for males. -_______ arteries for female

-Testicular arteries -Ovarian arteries

-The anterior and posterior tibial veins travel up and merge to form the _________ vein in the ________ fossa.

-The anterior and posterior tibial veins merge to form the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa

Artery blood flow hips down. -The femoral artery *running _____, and ________ close to the femur) enters the ________ ______ _____, where its name is changed to the _________ artery. -The ________ artery supplies the _____ joint and muscles in that region. -The _________ artery then divides into the anterior and posterior ______ arteries -Which supply the anterior and posterior ________________ of the leg.

-The femoral artery enters the posterior popliteal fossa, where its name is changed to the popliteal artery -The popliteal artery supplies the knee joint and muscles in that region -The popliteal artery divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries which supply the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg.

SUPERFICIAL Vein Drainage foot, leg up. -The great saphenous vein travels up the ___ and up the _____, to drains up into the _______ vein. -Medially -The small saphenous vein travels up the ___, and drains up into the __________ vein. -Laterally -The location of this is which is ______ and _____.

-The great saphenous vein, leg and thigh, drains into the femoral vein -The small saphenous vein, up leg, drains into the popliteal vein. -Posterior and deep. Back part of the knee.

-External carotid go out side and supply blood to the the scalp face, outside the cranium. -Internal carotid go inside and join up with ____ of _____ to supply blood to ______ *hint* looking anteriorly at the face these arteries line up -EX IN IN EX- same as the wire man ADD TO DRAWING

-To the the scalp face, outside the cranium. -Circle of Willis, brain

Remember -There is ___ brachiocephalic artery. - ___ brachiocephalic veins

-one, brachiocephalic artery (trunk) on the RT. , one on right, and one on the left

Venus drainage from the forearm up into the arm. 1. In the _______ ______, the radial and ulnar veins merge to form a pair of ________ veins. These are DEEP. 2. The brachial veins (2) merge with the _______ vein (1), to form the ________ vein.

1. At the cubital fossa, the radial and ulnar veins merge to form a pair of brachial veins 2. The brachial veins (2) merge with the basilic vein (1) to form the axillary vein.

DEEP vein Drainage foot up to leg. 1. Deep _______ veins and deep veins of the foot -drain up into- 2. - Deep pairs of_______ plantar veins. (2) - Deep pairs of ______ plantar veins. (2) -drain up into- 3. - A ____ of _________ tibial veins.

1. Deep digital veins and deep veins of the foot drain into: 2. -Deep pair of medial plantar veins -Deep pair of lateral plantar veins 3. -Pair of posterior tibial veins

DEEP vein Drainage foot up to leg 1. On the dorsum of the foot and ankle, deep veins -drain up into- 2. A ___ __ __________ tibial veins.

1. On the dorsum of the foot and ankle, deep veins drain into a -A Pair of anterior tibial veins

Artery blood Flow leg to foot. 1. The _________ tibial artery provides a branch called the _______ artery, which supplies the _______ compartment of the leg. 2. The __________ tibial artery divides around and under the _____ , into the ______ _______ artery and _______ _______ artery in the foot. 3. The___________ tibial artery runs across the _______ surface of the foot. 4. This artery and a branch from the lateral plantar artery unite to form the _______ arch. 5. Also extends into the ______ arteries, and supplies blood to the _____.

1. The posterior tibial artery provides a branch called the fibular artery, which supplies the lateral compartment of the leg 2. The posterior tibial artery divides into the medial and lateral plantar artery under the foot. 3. The anterior tibial artery, runs across dorsum of foot, 4. This artery and a branch of the lateral plantar artery unite to form the plantar arch 5. Digital arteries extend from the arch to supply the toes

Artery Blood Flow hips. 1. The right and left external iliac arteries supply blood to the _____ _____ 2. As the ________ iliac passes inferior to the ________ inguinal, its name changes to the _______ artery. 3. This branches into the ____ femoral artery. 4. This supplies ___ though the medial and lateral _________ arteries.

1. The right and left external iliac arteries supply blood to the lower limbs 2. As the external iliac passes inferior to the inguinal ligament, its name changes to the femoral artery. 3. Deep femoral 4. The deep femoral artery supplies the hip via medial and lateral circumflex arteries

Venus drainage from the forearm up into the arm. 1. On the dorsum of the hand, the ______ _____ network, branches into the Cephalic vein and Basilic vein. 2. These two veins traveling up connect temporarily in the _______ _____ by the ______ ______ vein, but remain singular and SUPERFICIAL traveling up into the _______ vein. 3. As the _______ vein goes up its name changes to the __________ vein.

1. Dorsal venus Network 2. -Cubital fossa -Median cubital -Basilic -Axillary vein 3. The axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein.

*Superficial/dorsum* Vein drainage of the palm up to the forearm, up to the arm. 1. On the dorsum of hand (back of hand), a dorsal venous network (most distal) drains into the _______ and _______ veins. 2. -________ is towards the ceiling (medial) -________ is towards the basement (lateral) 3. -These two veins travel up to the _______ _____ (front of elbow). -In which they are connected temporarily by the _______ _______ vein. -After this, the veins continue traveling up into the arm as the _____ vein and _____ vein. 4. *remember* These two veins are ___________, and ________, until they are connect temporarily in the ______ _______ , by the ______ _______ vein.

1. On the dorsum of the hand, a dorsal venous network drains into the basilic and cephalic veins. 2. -Cephalic ceiling -Basilic basmanet 3. -These two veins are go up to the cubital fossa -connected by the median cubital vein. -continue in the arm as the the basilic vein, and cephalic vein. 4. *remember* These two veins are superficial, and singular, although they connect momentarily in the cubital fossa by the medial cubital vein.

Hepatic portal system 1 . All the blood brought in by the _____ -The ______ ______ system -drains from- 2. The liver into the right and left _______ veins, to be taken up and returned to the _____ ______ ______. 3.*Remember* Abdominal veins: superior mesenteric, Inferior mesenteric, and splenic merge to from the Hepatic Portal Vein, which delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver to be detoxified. But these do not ______ _______ to the liver. 4. The veins that drain the liver are the RT and LT ______ veins, not the _____ portal veins, or the _______ veins. 5. Total of __ veins make up the Hepatic portal system.

1. Arteries, and thehepatic portal system 2. -Hepatic -inferior vena cava. 2. arteries, and hepatic portal system 3. give nutrients. 4. RT and LT hepatic, not the Hepatic portal veins, or abdominal. 5. 4

Artery blood Flow Upper Limb 1.Brachial artery travels inferior, reaches the _______ ______, in which it will branch into the _____ artery(medial), and the ______ (lateral) artery. 2.What do these arteries supply? 3. These two arteries travel inferior, merge, and form the __________ and _____ _______ arches in the palm/palmar arches of the hand. Supply? 4. *remember* *Veins can be ____ or ___________. Rarely do we have an ______ that is __________, because they are deep. One of the few places we see superficial arteries in the *superficial palmar* 5. more inferior, branching off of the arches, are the _______ arteries emerge to supply the ______.

1. In the cubital fossa (front of elbow), the brachial artery branches into the ulnar and radial arteries 2. Forearm. 3. These arteries of the forearm merge and form the -superficial palmar arch -deep palmar arches in the palm of the hand. -Supply palm 4. Veins can be superficial or deep. Arteries are normally deep. One of the few times we can see superficial artery. 5. Digital arteries emerge from the arches to supply the fingers

The celiac trunk gives off three branches: 1. ____ _____ artery 2. ____ _______ artery 3. ______ _______ artery:

1. Left gastric artery: 2. Splenic artery: 3. Common hepatic artery:

*Hint* The stomach is like a crescent moon, smaller curve on the inside, larger curve on the outside. Where do these supply blood to? 1. Left gastric artery: 2. Splenic artery: 3. Common hepatic artery:

1. Left gastric artery: Lesser curvature of stomach. 2. Splenic artery: Spleen, part of stomach 3. Common hepatic artery: Technically nothing because it branches, and those will supply blood.

Hepatic Portal System 1. Portal specifically is referring to what structures layout? 2. This Network of veins/system resembles a _____. Which veins make up its parts? 3. This system collects the ________ from the large and small __________, where food is digested. The ________ in the blood then flow to the _____ to detoxify them. NOT TO USE THEM. *remember* 4. The right and left ______ arteries (from the hepatic artery proper) are supplying ______ to the _____.

1. Portal: -Capillary bed in small and large intestines. -Veins -Capillary bed in liver 2. Chair. -Superior mesenteric vein = back legs -Inferior mesenteric vein= front legs -Splenic= seat -Hepatic portal vein= back 3. Nutrients from small and large intestines, from digestion, Nutrients, NOT TO USE. *remember* 4. RT and LT hepatic arteries. Nutrients to the liver.

Blood Vessel Tunics Both artery and vein walls have ???? layers, called tunics. From inner to outer: ???? Capillaries have ??? layer, which is?

3 Tunica intima tunica media tunica externa 1 layer, tunica intima

There are a total of __ arteries supplying blood in the circle of willis/cerebral arterial circle. Which are? This structure is important in the brain why?

4 The basilar artery (2 vertebral arteries merged into one), and the internal carotid arteries. Lots of flow so even if stuff gets blocked, there will still be supplies coming from other directions.

Anatomy of Blood Vessels The three classes of blood vessels are ??? ???? carry blood away from the heart and become progressively ???? as they branch and finally result in capillaries ???? return blood to the heart and become progressively ???? as they merge and are closer to the heart ???? are what join veins and arteries together.

Anatomy of Blood Vessels The three classes of blood vessels are arteries, capillaries, and veins Arteries carry blood away from the heart and become progressively smaller as they branch and finally result in capillaries Veins return blood to the heart and become progressively larger as they merge and are closer to the heart capillaries

As ????? go away from the heart they divide and become _______. As ______ leave the capillary beds towards the heart they converge and become ________.

Arteries, smaller Veins, Larger

Basement membrane? Where and how are they found? Purpose? Continuous: Fenestrated: Sinusoids

Continuous: Most common; endothelial cells form a continuous and complete lining aided by the presence of tight junctions Basement membrane intact. Fenestrated: Contain pores called fenestrations that allow fluid exchange between blood and interstitial fluid Basement membrane remains intact Sinusoids: Have large gaps between endothelial cells; allows transport of large molecules and cells to and from the blood Basement membrane is discontinuous or absent

Arterial Supply to the Abdomen As soon as the descending aorta passes the _______, it becomes the descending __________ aorta. Coming off of the ______ _______ , are 3 unpaired arteries, which are responsible for supplying the organs of the _____________ tract: 1 _______ ______ (an inch or two below the diaphragm.), which also branches into __ arteries. 2 _______ ________ ________ (3 inches below the 1st one) 3 Just before the descending aorta bifurcates into the two common iliac arteries, is the ________ ___________ ______.

Diagram descending abdominal aorta. Anterior midline gastrointestinal 1. Celiac trunk, 3. 2. Superior mesenteric artery 3. Inferior mesenteric artery

How to help veins get blood back to heart. Blood also needs help getting from the thoracic and abdominal cavity. When you breath, the pressure put on by the ________ helps push the blood up. Venous blood is helped to return assisted by what is called the __________ pump.

Diaphragm Respiratory Goes into the inferior vena cava

How the Thoracic cavity drains. All venous drainage from the thoracic cavity, which drain the ____ side go into the accessory ________ veins, which drains into the __________ veins. From there, the ___________ vein along with venous drainage from the thoracic cavity, which drain on the ____ side, go into into the _______ vein.

Left side Accessory hemiazygos dains into hemiazygos hemiazygos right side azygos vein

Muscular Arteries ______ sized arteries Possess _______ fibers in two concentric rings between the three tunics: The _____ _______ _______, which separates the tunica intima and tunica media The ______ ______ ______, which separates the tunica media and the tunica externa Muscular arteries have a proportionately thicker tunica media

Medium. Elastic Internal elastic lamina (layer) the names says where, what, and what is it. external elastic lamina (layer)

Blood Flow Through the Cranium *Hint. I already know all this stuff* Most cranial venous blood drains through the _____ _____ _______. These large veins are formed between the two layers of ____ _______. There are no ______ in the _____ _____ ______ system so blood can flow where?

Most cranial venous blood drains through the dural venous sinuses These large veins are formed between the two layers of dura mater There are no valves in the dural venous sinus system so blood can flow in more than one direction/wherever gravity takes it.

Large arteries have deeb cells and need their own system to get ????. This is called? And where does it run?

Nutrents Smaller arteries that supply the larger arteries are called *vasa vasorum*, which run through the tunica externa

The femoral vein passes _________ to the_______ ligament, and becomes the ________ _____ vein.

Once the femoral vein passes superior to the inguinal ligament, it becomes the external iliac vein

General Arterial Flow ADD TO DRAWING Out of the Heart _________ blood is pumped out of ____ ________ into the ______ _________, from which only two branches emerge: 1. ____ ________ _________ 2. _____ _______ __________ Three arterial branches emerge from the aortic arch: *hint* ABCS 1. ________________ trunk, which bifurcates and goes right into the________ _________ ______ artery, and _______ __________ arteries. 2. ____ _______ ________ artery Left 3. _______ __________ artery

Oxiginated blood is pumped out of left ventricle into ascending aorta, from which two branches emerge: Left coronary artery Right coronary artery Three arterial branches emerge from the aortic arch: Brachiocephalic trunk, which bifurcates into right common carotid artery and right subclavian arteries Left common carotid artery Left subclavian artery

Superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to which side and organs? DRAW

RIGHT SIDE Right Colon- Ascending colin, Transverse Colin

Arterioles _________ arteries Have less than six cell layers of _______ muscle in their tunica media This one is related to and controls ______ ________, can get stimulated to ______ and _______ to increased or decease BP. Sympathetic innervation to the muscle fiber cells of the tunica media causes vasoconstriction resulting in elevation of blood pressure Parasympathetic innervation causes vasodilation and a lowering of blood pressure

Smallest Smooth Blood pressure, relax and contract

True capillaries have _____ ________ Those who don't are just called ________ Same vessel, but name changes depending on what the rings around them.. These _____ muscles rings constrict, changing the flow of blood to what needs it most. All organs in the body get ____% oxygenated blood, there are no second hand tissues.

Smooth muscle Capillaries 100%

General Venous Return to the Heart Superior _____ _____ is formed from the merging of the right and left ______________ veins and drains into the ______ ________ Inferior vena cava returns blood to the right atrium from the lower limbs, pelvis and perineum, and abdominal structures

Superior _____ _____ is formed from a fusion of the right and left brachiocephalic veins and drains into the right atrium Inferior vena cava returns blood to the right atrium from the lower limbs, pelvis and perineum, and abdominal structures

Blood Flow Through the Cranium The dural sinus system includes? What dural venous sinus dumps into the Internal jugular vein? After this point there are _____, so blood cant flow back.

Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Transverse sinuses X2 Sigmoid sinus X2. Occipital sinus Sigmoid sinus X2 dumps into, after this point there are valves

Ateries _____ areas Veins _____ areas

Supply Drain

The left and right common iliac veins merge to form the _____ ____ ____.

The left and right common iliac veins merge to form the inferior vena cava

The popliteal vein travels up and curves onto the _______ thigh compartment and becomes the _______ vein.

The popliteal vein curves onto the anterior thigh compartment and becomes the femoral vein

What are these made of? Tunica intima tunica media tunica externa

Tunica intima: Composed of an endothelium (simple squamous epithelium lining the blood vessel lumen) and a subendothelial layer of areola connective tissue Tunic media: Crcularly arranged smooth muscle; sympathetic input causes this smooth muscle to contract resulting in vasoconstriction wheras parasympathetic input results in vasodilation Tunica externa: Connective tissue that helps anchor the blood vessel to an organ Larger blood vessels require their own blood supply

Types of Capillaries _____ are what drain the capillaries and return blood to the heart. Pressure in _____ is much lower than in arteries At rest, the body's veins hold about __% of the body's blood ______ function as Blood _______ *hint pools* Do to elasticity, they can easily expand. If we need more or less they can expand or constrict according to the need

Veins Veins 60% Veins function as Blood resivore

Blood Flow Through the Head and Neck Venous blood return through the internal ______ ________ vein or the _________ __________ vein

Venous blood return through the internal jugular vein or the external jugular vein

Smallest type of Vein Companion vessels with arterioles Smallest are the ___________ venules Can perform _________, coming and going through the walls of post capillary veins. Venules merge to form ______.

Venules Post capillary Diapedesis occurs through the walls of the post capillary venules Veins

Blood Flow Through the Cranium __________ arteries brach off from the RT and LT subclavian arteries, then pass through the intervertebral foramen, and through the ______ magnum, before entering the cranium, and merging to form the _______ artery. *The only place in the body where 2 arteries join, merging into the the ________ artery.*

Vertebral cranium basilar basilar

When the external iliac vein merges with the ______ _____ vein, it becomes the _____ _____ vein.

When the external iliac vein fuses with the internal iliac vein, it becomes the common iliac vein