verbos
Compra la camisa. She buys the shirt. Present indicative ¡Compra la camisa! Buy the shirt! Informal imperative Alicia compra la camisa. Alicia buys the shirt. Present indicative Alicia, compra la camisa. Alicia, buy the shirt. Informal imperative
Tú Command: Affirmative: Because informal tú commands take the same form as the third-person singular of the present tense, it is helpful to include exclamation points to indicate urgency. You can also include the name of the person you are commanding, followed by a comma. Without the comma, an imperative verb could be confused with a third-person singular present verb. Compare the following sentences, paying careful attention to the different punctuation.
Traelo. Bring it. Tráemelo. Bring it to me. Dilo. Say it. Díselo. Say it to her. Cómpraselo. Buy it for him. Ponte los zapatos ¡Póntelos! Put on your shoes. Put them on!
Tú Command: Affirmative: Pronoun Placement with Commands Pronouns are attached to the end of affirmative commands. A written accent (tilde ) is often added to maintain the verb's original stress, especially if more than one pronoun is used.
ser sé ir ve tener ten venir ven hacer haz decir di poner pon salir sal
Tú Command: Affirmative: There are irregular verbs in this tense. Here are just a few.
No compres la camisa. Do not buy the shirt. No aprendas español. Do not learn Spanish. ¡No escribas el ensayo! Do not write the essay!
Tú Command: Negative: Negative informal commands, also called negative tú commands, are used to tell a friend, family member the same age as you or younger, classmate, child, or pet not to do something. p.s always make sure you put noor another negative word like nunca(never) in front of the verb when forming a negative informal command.
comprar, no compre, no compres aprender, no aprenda, no aprendas escribir, no escriba, no escribas
Tú Command: Negative: ar -> es er/ir -> as
No hagas la tarea. Don't do the homework. No seas injusto. Don't be unfair.
Tú Command: Negative: If a verb is irregular in the present subjunctive, its negative informal command form maintains the same irregularity.
Nunca les compres dulces a los niños. Never buy candy for the children. Nunca se los compres. Never buy it for them.
Tú Command: Negative: In negative informal commands, the pronoun goes between the negative word (like no or nunca) and the verb.
Compra los libros. Buy the books. No compres los libros. Don't buy the books.
Tú Command: Tú commands are the singular form of informal commands. You can use affirmative tú commands to tell a friend, family member the same age as you or younger, classmate, child, or pet to do something. To tell somebody not to do something, you would use a negative tú command.
Leer es bueno. -Reading is good Comer es saludable. -Eating is healthy. ¿Es pensar bueno? -Is thinking good?
Use Present Participle when: In Spanish don't use the present participle form as a noun to serve as a subject; you must use the infinitive form of the verb: Leer es bueno. (Literally: To read is good. = Reading is good.)
Al entrar en la casa, el niño comenzó a llorar. -Upon entering the house, the little boy began to cry.
Use Present Participle when: In Spanish use al + infinitive (not + present participle) to express "on" or "upon" + present participle.
Va hablando. -He/She/You keeps right on talking. Iba hablando. -He/She/You kept right on talking. Siga leyendo, por favor -Keep on reading please. María continúa divertiéndose. -Mary continues enjoying herself.
Use Present Participle when: Instead of using estar, as noted above to form these two progressive tenses, sometimes ir (to go), seguir (to follow, to continue), continuar (to continue) can be used.
Estaba hablando. -I was speaking Estabas pensando. -You were thinking. -Estaban leyendo. -They were reading
Use Present Participle when: The past progressive is commonly formed by using estar in the imperfect indicative plus the present participle of the main verb you are using.
Estoy hablando. -I am speaking. Estás corriendo. -You are running. Estamos bebiendo. -We are drinking.
Use Present Participle when: The present progressive is commonly formed by using estar in the present tense plus the present participle of the main verb you are using.
Trabando se gana dinero. -By working, one earns (a person earns) money. Estudiando mucho, Pepe recibió buenas notas. -By studying hard, Joe received good grades.
Use Present Participle when: To express the English use of "by" + present participle in Spanish, we use the gerund form, which has the same ending as a present participle. No preposition is used in front of the present participle (the Spanish gerund) even though it is expressed in English as "by" + present participle.
El niño entró llorando en la casa -The little boy came into the house crying.
Use Present Participle when: To express vividly an action that occurred (preterit + present participle):
Voy al cine. -I am going to the movies.
Use ir when you simply mean "to go"
Mis padres se fueron al campo para visitar a mis abuelos. - My parents left for (went away to) the country to visit my grandparents.
Use irse when you mean "to leave" in the sense of "to go away"
Pablo salió sin hablar. -Paul went out without talking.
Use verb and prepositions when: A verb directly after the preposition is in the infinitive form.
María fue a comer. -Maria wants to eat. Salimos a hacer compras para la fiesta. -We went out to shop for the party.
Use verb and prepositions when: Why do we need to put an a before some infinitives? We just do. Verbs commonly appearing in this category are aprender, ayudar, comenzar, empezar, enseñar, ir, and volver. Are some examples. You put the a in front of the infinite when you want it to mean to +something like a comer = to eat. You don't put the a always in front the verb that is in the infinitive you do it only when you want it to mean to +something like "to eat" or "to do".
El aeropuerto está lejos de la ciudad. Tu habitación está en el tercer piso. ¿Cómo estás? Estoy bien, gracias. El profesor está ocupado. Las ventanas están abiertas. Marissa está feliz hoy. Estoy muy enojado con Maru. Está lloviendo. Está nublado. Estamos estudiando para un examen. Ana está leyendo una novela.
Uses of estar 1) Location or special relationship. 2) Health 3) Physical states and conditions 4) Emotional states 5) Certain weather expressions 6) Ongoing actions (Progressive tenses)
Juan Carlos es argentino. Es de Buenos Aires. Adela es agente de viajes. Francisco es médico. José y Clara son simpáticos. El clima de Puerto Rico es agradable. ¡Es fabuloso viajar! Es difícil estudiar a la una de la mañana. Es la pluma de Jimena. Son las llaves del señor Díaz. La bicicleta es de metal. Los pasajes son de papel. Hoy es martes. Son las dos. Hoy es el primero de julio. El partido es en el estadio Sante Fe. La conferencia es a las siete.
Uses of ser 1) Nationality and place of origin. 2) Profession or occupation. 3)Characteristics of people and things. 4) Generalizations. 5) Possession. 6) What something is made of. 7) Time and date. 8) Where or when an event takes place.
Tráigamelo. Bring it to me. Mírelo. Look at it.
Usted/Ustedes commands: Affirmative: Pronouns are attached to the end of affirmative commands. If the command form of the verb has more than one syllable, a written accent is added when attaching a pronoun.
infinitivo, usted, ustedes hablar, hable, hablen comer, coma, coman vivir, viva, vivan
Usted/Ustedes commands: Formal commands are often used when addressing a person you don't know well, a person older than you, or a person to whom you want to show deference or respect (like a boss or teacher). All Ud. (usted) and Uds. (ustedes) commands are the same as the Ud. and Uds. present subjunctive forms.
No saquen sus libros. Do not take out your books. No ponga su bolsa aquí. Do not put your purse here. No vengan mañana. Do not come tomorrow.
Usted/Ustedes commands: Negative: Negative formal commands couldn't be easier. All you have to do is put a negative word such as no in front of the affirmative formal command, and you've got yourself a negative formal command.
No se levante antes de leer el artículo. Don't get up before you read the article. Nunca les compre dulces a los niños. Never buy candy for the children. Nunca se los compre. Never buy it for them.
Usted/Ustedes commands: Negative: Pronouns come between the negative word (such as no) and the command form in negative formal commands.
buscar (to look for, search) Busco mi libro. -I am looking for my book. esperar (to wait for) Espero el autobús. -I am waiting for the bus. escuchar(to listen) Escucho la música. -I am listening to the music. guardar(to stay) La semana pasada guardé cama porque estaba enfermo. -Last week I stayed in bed because I was sick. mirar(to look at) Miro el cielo. -I am looking at the sky. pagar(to pay) Pagué los billetes. -I paid for the tickets. pedir(to ask for) Pido un libro. -I am asking for a book.
Verbs that do not ordinarily require a preposition, whereas in English a preposition is used.
Nos acercamos a la ciudad. -We are approaching the city. Una muchacha bonita se asomó a la puerta. -A pretty girl appeared at the door. Mi cuarto de al jardín. -My room faces the garden. Me dedico a mis estudios. -I devote myself to my studies. ¿Juegas a los videojuegos a menudo? -Do you often play video games?
Verbs that take the preposition a + noun or pronoun.
trabajar -ar ado trabaj = trabado comer -er ido com = comido recibir - ir ido recib = recibido
A past participle is regularly formed as follows:
cantar - cantando comer - comiendo recibir - recibiendo
A present participle is a verb form which, in English, ends in -ing: singing, eating, receiving. In Spanish, a present participle is regularly formed as follows.
Subject and Reflexive Pronoun of a Reflexive Verb
A subject and reflexive pronoun must agree in person and number.
Subject and Veb
A subject and verb form must agree in person (1st, 2nd, or 3rd) and number (singular or plural).
Transitive Verbs Veo a mi amigo. - I see my friend. Abro la ventana. -I open the window.
A transitive verb is a verb that is acting upon a direct object.It is called a transitive verb because the action passes from the subject and directly affects someone or something in some way.
María acaba de llegar. -Mary has just arrived. Acabo de comer. -I have just eaten. Acabamos de terminar la lección. -We have just finished the lesson. Imperfect: María acababa de llegar. -Mary had just arrived. (Yo) acababa de comer. -I had just eaten. Acabábamos de terminar la lección. -We had just finished the lesson.
Acabar de + infinitive In the present indicative when you use acabar in the present tense, it indicates an action of the main verb(+ infinitive) has just occurred now in the present. In English, we express this by using have just + the past participle of the main verb. When you use acabar in the imperfect indicative, it indicates that the action of the main verb(+infinitive) had occurred at some time in the past when another action occurred. In English, we express this by using had just + the past participle of the main verb. I
Emilio escribe un libro. Emilio is writing a book. Yo hago un pastel. I am making a cake. Mi madre cocinó la pizza en el horno. My mom cooked the pizza in the oven. Los ingleses establecieron las colonias hace 200 años. The English established the colonies 200 years ago.
Active Voice In sentences written in active voice, the doer of an action is the subject.
Con llegar muy tarde, quedó sin cenar. -By arriving / Because he arrived so late, he missed dinner.
Con can also be used in front of an infinitive with no preceding verb. In place of the gerund:
Con ganar tanto dinero, no posee un carro. -Despite earning / Even though he earns so much money, he doesn't own a car.
Con can also be used in front of an infinitive with no preceding verb. Meaning "despite" or "even though":
Yo habría comprado los regalos pero no tenía tiempo. I would have bought the gifts, but I didn't have time. Él habría leído el libro, pero el teléfono sonó. He would have finished the book, but the telephone rang. Nosotros habríamos cenado en ese restaurante si hubiera sabido lo bueno que era. We would have eaten at that restaurant if I had known how good it was.
Conditional Perfect: In the examples below, the conditional perfect is used to talk about actions that would have happened had something else not gotten in the way. Conditional Perfect Formula haber in the conditional + past participle
Habría comido antes de salir. He had probably already eaten before leaving. Habrían sido las ocho cuando llegamos. It must have been eight o'clock when we arrived.
Conditional Perfect: In the examples below, the conditional perfect is used to talk about an action that probably happened or was true.
habría, habrías, habría, habríamos, habríais, habrían
Conditional Perfect: The conditional perfect (el condicional compuestoo el antepospretérito) describes an action in the past that would have happened but did not due to some other event. It can also be used to express the probability of an action that has already been completed.
Me gustaría tomar una limonada. -I would like to have a lemonade.
Conditional: A conditional desire. This is a conditional courtesy.
Iría a España si tuviera dinero. -I would go to Spain if I had money.
Conditional: An action that you would do if something else were possible.
María dijo vendría mañana. -Mary said that she would come tomorrow. María decía que vendría mañana. -Mary was saying that she would come tomorrow.
Conditional: An indirect quotation.
¿Quién sería? -I wonder who was that?
Conditional: Conjecture regarding the past.
Serían las cinco cuando salieron. -It was probably five o'clock when they went out.
Conditional: Probability regarding the past.
ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían
Conditional: The endings of the conditional are as follows. Note: There are exceptions to this like the verb tener
¿Conoce Ud. a María? -Do you know Mary? ¿Conoce Ud. bien los Estados Unidos? -Do you know the United States very well? ¿Conoce Ud. este libro? -Do you know (Are you acquainted/familar with this book.)
Conocer means "to know" in the sense of being acquainted with a person, a place, or a thing.
Louis dejó caer su teléfono celular en el lavabo. -Louis dropped his cellphone in the sink.
Dejar caer means to drop.
Los alumnos dejaron de hablar. -The students stopped talking. ¡No deje Ud. de llamarme! -Don't fail to call me!
Dejar de + infinitive when you mean to stop or to fail to.
Habré terminado mi trabajo para diciembre. I will have finished my work by December. Ya habrás pedido cuando yo llegue. You will have already ordered when I arrive. Usted habrá estudiado español por tres años para este mayo. You will have studied three years of Spanish by this May.
Future Perfect Indicative: Future Perfect Formula: simple future of haber + past participle
¿Dónde está Paco? - Él habrá ido a otro café. Where is Paco? - He might have gone to another cafe. Ellos habrán tenido hambre para la noche. They may have been hungry by nighttime. Habrá salido de Atlanta. She must have left Atlanta.
Future Perfect Indicative: Here are examples of the future perfect indicative used to talk about likelihood or conjecture. In this sense, the future perfect is used to talk about what someone guesses or thinks might be true.
habré, habrás, habrá, habremos, habréis, habrán
Future Perfect Indicative: The Spanish future perfect indicative (el futuro compuesto) is used to talk about something that will have been completed at a certain point in the future before another event. It can also indicate probability, or what might have or could have happened.
María dice que vendrá mañana. -Mary says she will come tomorrow.
Futuro: An indirect quotation. p.s the future tense is never used in Spanish aftersi when si means ""if"
¿Qué hora será? -I wonder what time it is? ¿Quién será? -Who can that be? I wonder who that is?
Futuro: Conjecture regarding the present.
Serán las cinco. -It is probably five o'clock; it must be five o'clock Tendrá muchos amigos. -He probably has many friends; He must have many friends.
Futuro: Probability regarding the present.
é, ás, á, emos, éis, án
Futuro: All ar, er and ir verbs have the same conjugation endings with some exceptions here and there.
In Spanish and English, the future tense is used to express an action or state of being that will take place at some time in the future. Lo haré -I shall do it;I will do it.
Futuro: Future
hablaré, hablarás, hablará, hablaremos, hablaréis, hablarán
Futuro: ar conjugation
beberé, beberás, beberá, beberemos, beberéis, beberán
Futuro: er conjugation
recibiré, recibirás, recibirá, recibiremos, recibiréis, recibirán
Futuro: ir conjugation
A él le gusta comer y bailar. -He likes to eat and dance. A los muchachos les gusta la música. -The boys like the music. ¿A ti te gustaron? -Did you like them?
Gustar In Spanish the thing that you like is the subject.The person who likes the said thing is the indirect object pronoun. The verb gustar is used in the third person, either in singular or plural, when you talk about something that is pleasing to you.Therefore, gustar needs to agree with the things that are liked and the personified a must be placed in front of the specified people who like the thing.
Su sueño era hacerse dentista. -His dream was to become a dentist. Juan se hizo abogado. -John became a lawyer.
Hacerse means "to become" just like llegar a ser.
Construction:- preterite/imperfect/conditional + imperfect subjunctive Dudaba que viniera. -I doubted that he was coming. Le dije que lavara los platos. -I told him to wash the dishes. Los niños querían que su padre les comprase un perro. -The children wanted their father to buy them a dog. Me alegraba de que te casases. -I was happy that you were getting married.
Imperfect Subjunctive: If the verb in the independent clause expresses wishes, emotions, recommendations, possible non-realities, doubts, denial, etc. and is in the preterite, imperfect or conditional tense then the subjunctive verb in the independent clause will be imperfect subjunctive.
Construction:- si + imperfect subjunctive + conditional + rest of sentence- conditional + rest of sentence + si + imperfect subjunctive Si tuviera más dinero, me compraría un coche. -If I had more money, I would buy myself a car. María tendría un gato si su marido no tuviese alergia. -María would have a cat if her husband didn't have allergies. Si Sara estudiara más, sacaría mejores notas. -If Sara were to study more she was get better grades.
Imperfect Subjunctive: If" Clauses. We use the imperfect subjunctive to form a conditional sentence in the past when it follows the word "si" (if) and is combined with the conditional tense. In English, this construction would translate to something along the lines of "If this, then that".
hablara, hablaras, hablara, habláramos, hablarais, hablaran hablase, hablases, hablase, hablásemos, hablaséis, hablasen
Imperfect Subjunctive: The imperfect subjunctive follows the same general rules as the present subjunctive in terms of when the subjunctive is necessary. The main difference is timing, as the imperfect subjunctive is used when the main verb is in either the preterite or imperfect past tenses or the conditional. There are two sets of endings for the imperfect subjunctive. Either one is correct to use. Simply take the 3rd person preterite of the verb and take off the -ron part of it and replace it.
Quisiera/Quisiese dos semanas de vacaciones. I would like two weeks of vacation.
Imperfect Subjunctive: The imperfect subjunctive with Quisiera/Quisiese can be used to make very polite suggestions or formal requests.
Construction:- present + imperfect subjunctive Nos sorprende que viajara a Alaska. -It's surprising that he traveled to Alaska. Es raro que rompiese con su novia. -It's strange that he broke up with his girlfriend.
Imperfect Subjunctive: When the independent clause expresses current emotions, doubts, etc. about something that happened in the past, the verb in the dependent clause will be imperfect subjunctive.
Construction:- Ojalá (que) + imperfect subjunctive + rest of sentence Ojalá que hiciera calor en invierno. -If only it were hot in winter. Ojalá pudiese volar. -If only I could fly. Ojalá Sara estudiara más. -If only Sara studied more.
Imperfect Subjunctive: When we want to indicate or hope for unlikely or impossible events using the expression "Ojalá" or "Ojalá que" (means roughly "If only..."), the verb following it will be imperfect subjunctive.
This is a past tense. Imperfect suggests incomplete. The imperfect tense expresses an action or a state of being that was continuous in the past and its completion is not indicated. It expresses the following.
Imperfecto de indicativo:
(mental condition) Quería ir al cine. -I wanted to go the movies. (emotional condition) Estaba contento de verlo. - I was happy to see him. (physical condition) Mi madre era rubia cuando era pequeña. -My mother was blonde when she was young.
Imperfecto de indicativo: A description of a mental, emotional, or physical condition in the past.
Hacía tres horas que veía la televisión cuando mi hermano entró. -I had been watching television for three hours when my brother came in.
Imperfecto de indicativo: An action or state of being that occurred in the past and lasted for a certain length of time prior to another past action.
Cuando estábamos en Nueva York, íbamos al cine todos los sábados. -When we were in New York, we went to the movies every Saturday; When we were in New York, we used to go to the movies every Saturday.
Imperfecto de indicativo: An action that a person did habitually in the past.
Mi hermana cantaba cuando yo entré. -My sister was singing when I came in.
Imperfecto de indicativo: An action that was going on in the past at the same time as another action.
Mi hermano leía y mi padre hablaba. -My brother was reading when my father was talking.
Imperfecto de indicativo: An action that was going on in the past when another action occurred.
Present: Dice que quiere venir a mi casa. -He says he wants to come to my house. Past: Dijo que quería venir a mi casa. - He said he wanted to come to my house.
Imperfecto de indicativo: An indirect quotation in the past.
¿Qué hora era? -What time was it? Eran las tres. -It was three o'clock.
Imperfecto de indicativo: The time of day in the past.
hablaba, hablabas, hablaba, hablábamos, hablabais, hablaban
Imperfecto de indicativo: ar conjugation
bebía, bebías, bebía, bebíamos, bebíais, bebían
Imperfecto de indicativo: er conjugation
recibía, recibías, recibía, recibíamos, recibíais, recibían
Imperfecto de indicativo: ir conjugation
¿Conoce Ud. a Elena? -Do you know Helen? Sí, (yo) la conocí anoche en casa de un amigo mío. -Yes, I met her[for the first time] last night at the home of one of my friends.
In the preterit tense conocer means "met" in the sense of first met, first became acquainted with someone.
¿Lo sabe Ud.? -Do you know it? ¿Sí, lo supe ayer? -Yes, I found it out yesterday.
In the preterit tense, saber means "found out"
No pisar el césped. No walking on the grass. Mezclar los ingredients en un tazón. Mix the ingredients in a bowl. No fumar. No smoking. Ver las notas abajo. See the notes below. Batir los huevos. Beat the eggs.
Infinitive Commands: To form an affirmative infinitive command, simply use the infinitive. Don't conjugate anything! To form a negative infinitive command, simply use the word no and the infinitive. Once again, don't conjugate anything!
Ser o no ser, esa es la pregunta. -To be or not to be, that is the question. El estudiar es bueno./ Estudiar es bueno. -Studying (to study) is good.
Infinitives: A verbal noun is a verb used as a noun. An infinitive may be used as a verbal noun and can be a subject, direct object, predicate, or object of the preposition. When the infinitive is the subject and begins the sentence you may put the article el in front of it. Otherwise don't put the article in front of the infinitive.
Al entrar en su oficina, Marisol arrancó su computadora. -Upon entering office, Marisol booted up her computer.
Infinitives: After al a verb is used in the infinitive form.
No deseo comer. -I don't want to eat.
Infinitives: As a direct object.
Ver es creer. -Seeing is believeing.
Infinitives: As a predicate noun.
Después de llegar. -After arriving
Infinitives: As an object of a preposition.
Antes de estudiar, Rita telefoneó a su amiga Beatriz. -Before studying, Rita telephoned her friend Beatrice. El mimo salió de la sala sin decir nada. -The mime left the room without saying anything.
Infinitives: Ordinarily the infinitive form of the verb is used directly after the preposition.
haber hablado. -To have spoken. haber comido. -To have eaten. haber escrito. -To have written.
Infinitives: The perfect infinitive aka the past infinitive is formed by using haber in its infinitive form + the past participle of the main verb.
No entrar. -Do not enter. Decidí no enviar el mensaje. -I decided not to (not to)send the message.
Infinitives: To make an infinitive negative simply place a no in front of it.
Pienso ir a Chile. -I intend to go to Chile.
Infinitives: pensar + infinitive means "to intend"
La profesora está hablando. -The professor is speaking. La señora Gómez salió temperano. -Mrs. Gomez left early. Ella está dormiendo. -She is sleeping
Intransitive Verbs An intransitive verb is a verb that does not act upon a direct object. It is called intransitive because the action does not pass over from the subject and directly affect anyone or anything.
¿Juega Ud. al tenis? - Do you play tennis? Me gusta jugar a la pelota. -I like to play ball.
Jugar means to play a sport or game.
Quiero llegar a ser un doctor. -I want to become a doctor. Nadie podía imaginar que una modesta maestra de escuela rural llegaría a ser la presidenta de la nación. -No one could ever imagine that a modest rural schoolteacher would become the nation's president.
Llegar a ser + a noun means "to become" specifically when there is a goal in mind.
José llevó la silla de la cocina al comedor. -Joseph took the chair from the kitchen to the dining room. Pedro llevó a María al baile anoche. -Peter took Mary to the dance last night. María, ¿por qué llevas la falda nueva? -Mary, why are you wearing your new skirt?
Llevar means "to take" in the sense of "to carry" or "to transport from place to place"; Also it is used when you take someone somewhere. Llevar lastly means "to wear"
Vamos a sentarnos aquí. Let's sit here. Vamos a dormirnos. Let's go to sleep.
Nosotros commands: For the Vamos a + Infinitive Form: Attach the pronoun to the end of the infinitive form.
No lo comamos. Let's not eat it. No se lo demos. Let's not give it to them.
Nosotros commands: Negative: Negative Commands and Pronoun Placement This one's easy! You just put the reflexive, object, or indirect object pronoun between the negative word and before the verb. That's it!
No nademos. Let's not swim. No salgamos. Let's not leave .Nunca vayamos allí. Let's never go there.
Nosotros commands: Negative: To form negative nosotros commands, you simply put no or another negative word in the front of the affirmative command. p.s vamos is for the affirmative while vayamos is for the negative.
Subjunctive: Trabajemos juntos. Let's work together. Comamos aquí. Let's eat here. Leamos los periódicos. Let's read the newspapers. Vamos al restaurante. Let's go to the restaurant. Vamos a + Infinitive Vamos a ir a la playa. Let's go to the beach. ¡Vamos a divertirnos! Let's have some fun! Vamos a nadar. Let's go swim.
Nosotros commands: Nosotros commands are used by a speaker to suggest an action be performed by a group of people he or she belongs to. There are two types of nosotros commands in Spanish: subjunctive form commands To form nosotros commands with the subjunctive, simply use the nosotros form of the present subjunctive. vamos a + infinitive commands To make this common command form, you simply use the phrase vamos a plus any infinitive verb.
Sentemos + nos Sentémonos aquí.Let's sit here. Hagamos + se + la Hagámosela.Let's make it for her. Vamos + nos¡Vámonos!Let's go! Despertémonos temprano. Let's get up early. Vámonos de la casa en cinco minutos. Let's leave the house in five minutes.
Nosotros commands: When attaching a pronoun to the end of a nosotros command, follow the steps below. Affirmative Commands and Pronoun Placement For the Subjunctive Command Form: Drop the final -s from the verb. Attach the pronoun to the end of the subjunctive command form. Write an accent on the second-to last-syllable of the verb.
El libro fue escrito por Emilio. The book was written in by Emilio. La pizza fue cocida por mi madre. The pizza was cooked by my mother. Se establecieron las colonias hace 200 años. The colonies were established 200 years ago. Se hizo este pastel con miel. This cake was made with honey.
Passive Voice In sentences in passive voice, the receiver of an action gets moved to the subject position. This is often done to move the focus from the doer to whatever it is that was done. Spanish has two passive forms: the passive with ser (to be) and these se pasiva. The following formulas are used to create the passive voice: ser + past participle (+ por + agent) se + third person Note that the last two examples above do not have an overt subject in Spanish. Both examples use the se pasiva, which is commonly used to say what an unknown or unmentioned they did.
Pablo dudó que yo hubiera/hubiese ido a Perú. Pablo doubted that I had been to Peru. Mamá no creyó que hubieras/hubieses limpiado el cuarto. Mom did not believe that you had cleaned the room. El policía buscaba a algún testigo que hubiera/hubiese visto el robo. The police officer was looking for a witness who had witnessed the robbery
Past Perfect Subjunctive: Actions Preceding Other Past Actions The past perfect is used along with the simple past or imperfect to talk about a past action that preceded a second past action. Whichever of these events is the furthest back in the past is talked about with the past perfect subjunctive.
Si hubiera/hubiese sabido, habría venido. If I had known, I would have come. Si hubiera/hubiese tenido más dinero, habría comprado el cuadro que vimos en el mercado. If I'd had more money, I would've bought the painting we saw in the market.
Past Perfect Subjunctive: Conditionals The past perfect subjunctive is used along with the conditional perfect to talk about conditionals in the past.
Ojalá que hubiera/hubiese sabido. I wish I had known. ¿Y si Don Quijote hubiera/hubiese tenido razón sobre los molinos? What if Don Quijote had been right about the windmills?
Past Perfect Subjunctive: Hypotheticals The past perfect subjunctive is commonly used to talk about hypothetical situations, especially those relating to regrets or hindsight.
hubiese, hubieses, hubiese, hubiésemos, hubieseis, hubiesen hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran
Past Perfect Subjunctive: The past perfect subjunctive is commonly used to talk about past hypotheticals, conditionals, and past actions preceding other past actions. Past Perfect Subjunctive Formula: imperfect subjunctive of haber + past participle
Ya lo había visto. I had already seen him. Usted lo había leído antes que él. You had read it before him. Él lo había sacado cuando entró en mi casa. He had taken it off before entering my house. No la habíais oído antes de ahora. You had not heard it before now. Ellos los habían puesto en la mesa. They had put them on the table.
Past Perfect: Notice that the auxiliary verb (haber) and the past participle are never separated. If object pronouns are present, they go immediately before haber.
había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían
Past Perfect: The past perfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfectoo el antecopretérito), also known as the pluperfect, is used to talk about a past action that happened prior to another action in the past.
Había visto ya a mi primo. I had already seen my cousin. Habías cantado en la fiesta cuando llegué. You had already sung at the party when I arrived. Usted había leído el libro antes que él. You had read the book before him. Él había sacado su gorro cuando entró en mi casa. He had taken off his hat before entering my house. Ella había comido antes de ir al cine. She had eaten before going to the movies. Nos habíamos sentado cuando el tren salió. We had sat down when the train left. No habíais oído la canción antes de ahora. You had not heard the song before now. Ustedes habían vuelto cuando ellos salieron. You had returned when they left. Ellos habían puesto los pasteles en la mesa. They had put the cakes on the table. Ellas habían hablado mucho cuando la fiesta terminó. They had talked a lot when the party ended.
Past Perfect: The past perfect is often used to talk about what a person had done before something else happened in the past. It is formed by combining haber in the imperfect with a past participle. Past Perfect Spanish Formula haber in the imperfect + past participle
Tengo que pedir una autorización. -I have to request authorization. Juan, quiero que pidas un vaso de agua. -John, I want you to ask for a glass of water. Él pidió una computadora. -He asked for a computer.
Pedir means "to ask/to request" but in the sense of "to ask for something ph/ to request"
¿Qué piensa de este libro? -What do you think of this book?
Pensar de means "to think of " but it means to think of when asking for their opinion.
Miguel, no hablas mucho; ¿En qué piensas? -Micheal, you are not talking much; what are you thinking?(what are you thinking of?) Pienso en las vacaciones de verano. -I'm thinking of summer vacation.
Pensar en means "to think of " but it means to think of when asking what someone is thinking about generally.
No puedo ayudarle; lo siento. -I cannot(am unable to) help you. I'm sorry. Después de algunos minutos, Juan pudo abrir la puerta. -After a few minutes, John succeeded in opening the door.
Poder means can in the sense of ability. In the preterit poder means "succeeded"
Ella pregunta algo a la maestra. -She asks the teacher something. ¿ Suele usted preguntar el precio ? -Do you usually ask the price? Me peguntará si puede abrir una cuenta. -He will ask me if he can open an account. Él me preguntó mi edad. -He asked my age.
Preguntar means "to ask" but in the sense of asking a question.
¿Ya has usado la impresora? -Have you already used the printer? Estoy buscando el cajero automático. ¿Lo has visto? -I'm looking for the automatic teller. Have you seen it?
Present Perfect Indicative: The past participle used as a verb In general, the present perfect is used to refer to a past action that is perceived as having some bearing on the present.
he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han
Present Perfect Indicative: The past participle used as a verb The present perfect in English and Spanish is considered a compound tense because its forms require two verbs. haberto have yo tú él, ella, Ud. nosotros/as vosotros/as ellos/as, Uds. he has ha hemos habéis han I have he, she has, you have you have we have you (pl.) have they, you (pl.) have taken eaten lived Past participlePast participle tomado comido vivido In Spanish, the present perfect is formed with the present tense of the verb haber + past participle. In English, the present perfect is formed with the present tense of the auxiliary verb to have + past participle.
Julia tiene muchos amigos en esa empresa. -Julia has many friends in that company. ¿Has tenido experiencia en hacer diseños? -Have you had experience in doing designs?
Present Perfect Indicative: The past participle used as a verb The verb haber is not interchangeable with tener. Haber means to have only when used as an auxiliary verb with the past participle. Tener means to have or to own in the sense of possession.
Mi jefe me ha dado un teléfono celular muy bueno. -My boss has given me a very good cell phone. Marisa ha preparado la hoja electrónica. -Marisa has prepared the spreadsheet.
Present Perfect Indicative: he past participle used as a verb The auxiliary verb haber agrees with the subject of the sentence. The past participle, however, is invariable when used in the perfect tense. It always ends in o.
Mi profesor duda que yo haya leído el libro. My professor doubts that I have read the book. Me asusto de que usted me haya llamado. I am shocked that you called me. Es bueno que hayamos hablado. It is good that we talked. Me asusto de que ellas no hayan bailado bien. I am shocked that they didn't dance well. Lamentamos que ella no haya podido venir a la fiesta. We regret that she was unable to come to the party.
Present Perfect Subjunctive: The present perfect subjunctive can be used to talk about actions that happened in the past but are relevant in the present. It's very common to see it used to talk about things that just happened.
Quiero que hayáis escrito 5 páginas para el lunes. I want you to have written 5 pages by Monday. Es posible que ustedes hayan vuelto para marzo. It is possible that you will have returned by March.
Present Perfect Subjunctive: The present perfect subjunctive is also used to talk about things that are expected to be done by a point in the future.
haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan
Present Perfect Subjunctive: The present perfect subjunctive is used to talk about past actions connected to the present, as well as actions that will have been completed in the future. Certain words and phrases, such as those expressing emotions and desires, trigger the use of the present perfect subjunctive.
hable, hables, hable, hablemos, habléis, hablen
Present Subjunctive: -ar conjugation
beba, bebas, beba, bebamos, bebáis, beban,
Present Subjunctive: -er or -ir conjugation
Dudo que María lo haga. -I doubt that Mary is doing it; I doubt that Mary will do it. No creo que María venga. -I don't believe (I doubt) that Mary is coming; I don't believe (I doubt) that Mary will come.
Present Subjunctive: After a verb that expresses doubt, fear, joy, hope, sorrow, or some other emotion.
Quiero que María lo haga. -I want Mary to do it. Insisto en que María lo haga. -I insist that Mary do it.
Present Subjunctive: After a verb that expresses some kind of wish, insistence, preference, suggestion or request.
Aunque María venga esta noche, no me quedo. -Although Mary may come tonight, I'm not staying; Although Mary is coming tonight, I'm not staying.
Present Subjunctive: After aunque if the action has not yet occurred.
Acaso venga mañana. -Perhaps he will come tomorrow. Perhaps he is coming tomorrow.
Present Subjunctive: After certain adverbs that mean perhaps or maybe, such as acaso, quizá, and tall vez.
antes de que (before) cuando (when) en cuanto (once, as soon as) después (de) que (after) hasta que (until) mientras (while) Le hablaré a María cuando venga. -I shall talk to Mary when she comes. Vámonos antes (de) que llueva. - Let's go before it rains.
Present Subjunctive: After certain conjunctions of time.
a fin de que (so that) a menos que (unless) con tal (de) que (as long as) en caso (de) que (in case, in the event of) para que (so that) sin que (without) Démelo con talk que sea bueno. -Hive it to me provided that it is good. Me voy a menos que venga. -I'm leaving unless he comes.
Present Subjunctive: After certain conjunctions that express a condition, negation, or purpose.
Es necesario que María lo haga. -It is necessary that Mary do it; It is necessary that Mary do it. No es cierto que María venga. -It is doubtful (not certain) that Mary is coming; It is doubtful (not certain) that Mary will come.
Present Subjunctive: After certain impersonal expressions that show necessity, doubt, regret, importance, urgency, or possibility.
Por más que hable usted, no quiero escuchar. -No matter how much you talk, I don't want to listen.
Present Subjunctive: After por más que (even though, no matter how much) or por mucho que (however much)
¡Ojalá que vengan mañana! -Let's hope that they will come tomorrow!
Present Subjunctive: After the expression ojalá (que), which expresses a great desire or hope. This interjection means "would to God" or "may God grant!" It is derived from Arabic.
Busco un libro que sea interesante. -I'm looking for a book that is interesting. ¿Hay alguien aquí que hable francés? -Is there anyone here who speaks French? No hay nadie que pueda hacerlo. -There is no one who can do it.
Present Subjunctive: In an adjectival clause if the antecedent is something or someone that is indefinite, negative, vague, or nonexistent.
The subjunctive mood is used in Spanish much more than in English. In Spanish the present subjunctive is used.
Present Subjunctive: The present subjunctive is never used in Spanish after si when si means "if"
Sentémonos. -Let's sit down. No entremos. -Let's not go in.
Present Subjunctive: To express a command in the first person plural, either in the affirmative or negative (nosotros)
Siéntese Ud. -Sit down. No se siente Ud. -Don't sit down.
Present Subjunctive: To express a command in the usted or ustedes form, either in the affirmative or negative.
No te sientes. -Down sit down. No duermas. -Don't sleep.
Present Subjunctive: To express a negative command in the familiar form (tú)
An action or state of being at the present time. Hablo español. -I speak Spanish. Creo en la verdad. -I believe in the truth.
Presente de indicative:
This tense is used most of the time in Spanish and English. It indicates the following.
Presente de indicative:
Seis menos diez son cuarto. -Six minus two is four.
Presente de indicative: A general truth which is permanently true.
Mi hermano llega mañana. -My brother arrives tomorrow.
Presente de indicative: A near future
Hace tres horas que veo la televisión. -I have been watching television for three hours.
Presente de indicative: An action or state of being that occurred in the past and continues up to the present. In Spanish this is an idiomatic use of the present tense of a verb with hace, which is also in the present.
Voy a la biblioteca todos los días. -I go to the library every day.
Presente de indicative: Habitual action
Por poco me matan. -They almost killed me.
Presente de indicative: The meaning "almost" or "nearly" when used with por poco.
El asesino se pone pálido. Tiene miedo. Sale de la casa y corre a lo largo del río. -The murderer turns pale. He is afraid. He goes out of the house and runs along the river.
Presente de indicative: Vividness when talking or writing about past events.
hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, habláis, hablan
Presente de indicative: ar conjugation
bebo, bebes, bebe, bebemos, bebéis, beben
Presente de indicative: er conjugation
recibo, recibes, recibe, recibimos, recibís, reciben
Presente de indicative: ir conjugation
En cuanto hube visto a mi primo, salió. As soon as I had seen my cousin, he left. Cuando hubiste llegado a la fiesta, cantamos la canción. As soon as you had arrived at the party, we sang the song. Tan pronto Ud. hubo leído el libro, entendió mi misión. As soon as you had read the book, you understood my mission. Él hubo sacado su gorro cuando entró en mi casa. He had taken off his hat when he entered my house. Cuando hubo salido, empecé a llorar. When she had left, I began to cry. Después de que hubimos comido, sirvió el postre. After we had eaten, he served dessert. Apenas hubisteis terminado cuando sonó el timbre. You had just finished when the bell rang. Tan pronto nos hubieron llamado, salimos de la oficina. As soon as you had called us, we left the office. ¿La tienda? La hubieron cerrado cuando llegamos. The store? They had closed it when we arrived. Cuando hubieron terminado de bailar, todos aplaudieron. When they had finished dancing, everyone applauded.
Preterite Perfect Tense: Preterite Perfect Formula: preterite of haber + past participle p.s Notice that the haber and the past participle are never separated in this tense. If object pronouns are present, they go immediately before haber.
hube, hubiste, hubo, hubimos, hubisteis, hubieron
Preterite Perfect Tense: The preterite perfect tense (el pretérito anterioro el antepretérito) is primarily used formally or literarily (in written texts). It describes an action in the past that happened immediately before another action in the past.
Mi padre llegó ayer. -My father arrived yesterday. María fue a la iglesia esta mañana. -Mary went to church this morning. ¿Qué pasó? -What happened? Tomé el desayuno a las siete. -I had breakfast at seven o'clock. Salí de casa, tomé el autobús y llegué a la escuela a las ocho. -I left the house, I took the bus and arrived at school at eight o'clock.
Pretérito:
Conocer(to know/ meaning in the preterit: to meet) La conocía la semana pasada en el baile. I met her last week at the dance. Poder(to be able/ meaning in the preterit: to succeed, to manage) Pude hacerlo. -I succeeded in doing it. No pude hacerlo. -I failed to do it. Querer(to want/ meaning in the preterit: to try, no querer: to refuse) Quise llamarlo. -I tried to call you. No quise hacerlo. -I refused to do it. Saber(to know/ meaning in the preterit: to find out) Supe la verdad. -I found out the truth. Tener(to have/ meaning in the preterit: to receive) Tuve una carta de mi amigo Roberto. -I received a letter from my friend Robert.
Pretérito: In Spanish, some verbs have a different meaning when used in the preterit tense.
This tense expresses an action that was completed some time in the past.
Pretérito: Preterit
hablé, hablaste, habló, hablamos, hablasteis, hablaron
Pretérito: ar conjugation
bebí, bebiste, bebió, bebimos, bebisteis, bebieron
Pretérito: er conjugation
recibí, recibiste, recibió, recibimos, recibisteis, recibieron
Pretérito: ir conjugation
The progressive forms are used when you want to emphasize or intensify an action: Estoy hablando./ I am talking. That is, I am in the act of talking, right now. Estaba hablando./ I was talking. The meaning that you communicate with the progressive form is: I was in the act of talking, right then.
Progressive forms of Tenses: In Spanish there are progressive forms of tenses. They are the present progressive and the past progressive.
Estaba hablando. -I was speaking.
Progressive forms of Tenses: The past progressive is formed by using estar in the imperfect indicative plus the present participle of the main verb.
Estoy hablando. -I'm speaking.
Progressive forms of Tenses: The present progressive is formed by using estar in the present tense plus the present participle of the main verb.
Que pase. Let him in. Que me llamen. Have them call me. Que tenga un buen día. Have a good day. Que no vea mi madre. Don't let my mother see. Que venga el cliente. Have the client come in. Que ponga Anita la camisa negra. Have Anita wear the black shirt. Que lo haga. Have him do it.
Que commands: Indirect commands are often used for giving commands through a third party or to an unspecified recipient. You'll see them used in signs, instructions, and recipes. There are two kinds of indirect commands: que commands and infinitive commands. que + present subjunctive p.s In some indirect commands the que is omitted in the command. Usually when you want to rally everyone up and get them pumped! ¡Viva el president! -Long live the president!
¿Sabe Ud. qué hora es? -Do you know what time it is?
Saber means to know something throughly like a subject.
Sofía, salió tarde del laboratorio informático.
Salir de means to leave out of. To go out of a place.
Dondequiera que Ud. esté, escríbame. -Where ever you may be, write to me. Adondequiera que Ud. vaya dígamelo. -Wherever you may go, tell me.
Subjunctive: After Certain Indefinite Expressions cualquier,cualquiera,cualesquier,cualesquiera/whatever, whichever, any(the final a drops in cualquiera and cualesquiera when the word is in front of a noun)) cuandoquiera - whenever dondequiera - wherever adondequiera - to wherever quienquiera, quienesquiera - whoever
Les aconsejo a ellos que hagan el trabajo. -I advise them to do the work. Les digo a ellos que escriban los ejercicios. -I am telling them to write the exercises. Mi madre quiere que yo vaya a la escuela. -My mother wants me to go to school.
Subjunctive: After Certain Verbs That Imply a Wish or Desire That Something Be Done, Including a Command, Order, Preference, Advice, Permission, Request, Plea, Insistence, or Suggestion aconsejar-to advise decir-to tell(someone to do something) desear-to want, to wish mandar-to order, to command pedir-to ask, to request preferir-to prefer prohibir-to forbid, to prohibit querer-to want, to wish rogar-to beg, to request sugerir- to suggest
Dudo que mis amigos vengan. -I doubt that my friends are coming. No creo que sea urgente. -I do not believe that it is urgent. No estábamos seguros de que Andrés hubiera hallado la solución. -We were not sure that Andrew had found the solution.
Subjunctive: After Verbs or Expressions That Indicate Denial, Doubt or Lack of Belief, and Uncertainty dudar que . . . / to doubt that . . . negar que . . . / to deny that . . . no creer que . . ./ not to believe that . . . Es dudoso que . . . / It is doubtful that . . . Es incierto que . . ./ It is uncertain that . . . Hay duda que . . . / There is doubt that . . . No es cierto que . . . / It is not certain that . . . No estar seguro que . . . / Not to be sure that . . .
Estoy muy contento de que mis amigos vengan a verme. -I am very pleased that my friends are coming(will come) to see me. Me alegro de que ellos hayan venido. -I am glad that they have come.
Subjunctive: After Verbs or Expressions That Indicate an Emotion estar contento de que . . . / to be happy that . . . , to be pleased that . . . estar feliz que . . . / to be happy that . . . estar triste que . . . / to be happy that . . . alegrarse (de) que . . . / to be glad that . . . sentir que . . . / to regret that . . . , to feel sorry that . . .
Busco un libro que sea interesante.(Subjunctive) -I am looking for a book that is interesting. But Tengo un libro que es interesante.(Indicative) -I have a book that is interesting. ¿Conoce Ud. a alguien que tenga paciencia?(Subjunctive) -Do you know someone who has patience? But Conozco a alguien que tiene paciencia.(Indicative) -I know someone who has patience. No encontré a nadie que supiera la respuesta (Subjunctive) -I did not find anyone who knew the answer But Encontré a alguien que sabe la respuesta. (Indicative) -I found someone who knows the answer.
Subjunctive: After an Indefinite or Negative antecedent. The reason why the subjunctive is needed after an indefinite or negative antecedent is that the person or thing desired may possibly not exist; or, if it does exist, you may never find it.
Tal vez hayan perdido. -Perhaps they have lost(Subjunctive is used here because some degree of uncertainty or pessimism is implied) Tal vez han ganado. -Perhaps they have won.(No subjunctive is used here because some degree of certainty or optimism is implied.)
Subjunctive: After certain adverbs acaso, quizá, quizás or tal vez All of these mean perhaps or maybe
Basta que sepan la verdad. -It is sufficient that they know the truth. Conviene que venga ahora mismo. -It is proper that she come right now. Es aconsejable que salga inmediatamente. -It is advisable that she leave immediately.
Subjunctive: After certain impersonal expressions Basta que . . . /It is enough that . . . ; It is sufficient that . . Conviene que . . . / It is fitting that . . . ; it is proper that . . Importa que . . . /It is important that . . . Más vale que . . . /It is better that . . . Es aconsejable que . . . / It is advisable that . . .
¡Ojalá que vengan! -If only they would come! ¡Ojalá que lleguen! -If they would arrive!
Subjunctive: After ¡Ojalá que . . . ! The exclammatory expression Ojalá is one of Arabic origin meaning "Oh, God!"
¡Que lo haga Jorge! -Let George do it! ¡Que entre! -Let him /her enter!
Subjunctive: After¡ Que . . . ! In order to express a wish, an order, or a command indirectly in the 3rd person singular or plural, you may use the exclamatory ¡Que . . . ! alone to introduce the subjunctive clause.
Por interesante que sea, no quiero ver esa película. -No matter how interesting it may be, I do not want to see that film.
Subjunctive: Por + adjective or adverb + que = however,no matter how
Present: ar- :e, es , e , emos , éis , en ir/er- :a, as, a, amos, áis, an Present compound: ar, er, ir: haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan 1) Past: ar, er, ir -:ra ,ras ,ra ,ramos ,rais ,ran 2) Past: ar, er, ir -:se, ses, se, semos, seis, sen 1) Past compound: ar, er, ir: hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran 2) Past compound: ar, er, ir: hubiese, hubieses, hubiese, hubiésemos, hubieseis, hubiesen Future: ar, er, ir: re, res, re, remos, reis, ren Future compound: ar, er, ir: hubiere, hubieres, hubiere, hubiéremos, hubiereis, hubieren Adonde fueres, haz lo que vieres. -When in Rome do as the Romans do.
Subjunctive: The subjunctive is not a tense it is a mood. There are certain reasons why the subjunctive mood is used.
B) Conditional or a past tense (Imperfect indicative or Preterit or Pluperfect indicative) Deseaba que Ana cantara. -I wanted Anna to sing. Le he dicho a Ana que cante y baile. -I have said to Anna to sing and dance.
Subjunctive: The verb in the following clause (the dependent clause) most likely will be in the: Imperfect subjunctive or Pluperfect subjunctive.
When the verb in the main clause is in the: A)Present indicative or Future or Present perfect indicative or Imperative (Command) Le diré a Ana que baile. -I will tell Anna to dance. Dígale a Ana que cante y baile. -Tell Anna to sing and dance. Dudo que mi madre tome el tren. -I doubt that my mother is taking the train.
Subjunctive: The verb in the following clause (the dependent clause) most likely will be in the: Present subjunctive or Present perfect subjunctive
When the verb in the Si clause is: Imperfect subjunctive (-se form or -ra form) Si yo tuviese (or tuviera) bastante tiempo, vendría a verle. -If I had enough time, I would come to see you. Or Si yo tuviese (or tuviera) bastante tiempo, vinera a verle. -If I had enough time, I would come to see you.
Subjunctive: The verb in the main or result clause is: Conditional or Imperfect subjunctive (-ra form) p.s Noe that the present subjunctive form of a vernb is never used in a clause beginning with the conjunction si.
When the verb in the Si clause is: Pluperfect subjunctive (-se form or -ra form) Si yo hubiese tenido (or hubiera tenido) bastante tiempo, habría venido a verle. -If I had had enough time, I would have come to see you. or Si yo hubiese tenido (or hubiera tenido) bastante tiempo, gubiera venido a verle. -If I had had enough time, I would have come to see you.
Subjunctive: The verb in the main or result clause is: Conditional perfect or Pluperfect subjunctive (-ra form)
When the verb in the Si clause is: Present indicative Si tengo bastante tiempo, vendré a verle. -If I have enough time, I will come to see you.
Subjunctive: The verb in the main or result clause is: Future
a pesar de que -in spite of the fact that así que -as soon as, after aunque -although, even if, even though cuando -when de manera que -so that, so as de modo que -so that, in such a way that después que/ después de que -after en cuanto -as soon as hasta que -until luego que -as soon as, after mientras -while, as long as siempre que -whenever, provided that. Le daré el dinero a Roberto cuando me lo pida. -I shall give the money to Robert when he asks me for it.(Pida is in the subjunctive mood because some doubt or uncertainty is suggested and Robert may not ask for it.) But Se lo di a Roberto cuando me lo pidió. -I gave it to Robert when he asked me for it. (No subjunctive of pedir here because he actually did ask me for it.) Esperaré hasta que llegue el autobús. -I waited until the bus arrived. (No subjunctive of llegar here because the bus actually did arrive.)
Subjunctive: When the following conjunctions introduce a new clause, the verb in that new clause is sometimes in the indicative mood, sometimes in the subjunctive mood. If what is being expressed indicates some sort of anxious anticipation, doubt, indefiniteness, vagueness, or uncertainty. If these are not implied and if the action was completed in the past, use the indicative mood.
a fin de que -so that, in order that a menos que -unless como si -as if con tal que or con tal de que -provided that para que -in order that, so that sin que -without Se lo explico a ustedes a finde que puedan comprenderlo. -I am explaining it to you so that (in order that) you may be able to understand it. Saldré a las tres y media a menos que esté lloviendo. -I will go out at three thirty unless it is raining.
Subjunctive: When the following conjunctions introduce a new clauses, the verb in that new clause is in the subjunctive mood:
No puedo salir esta noche porque tengo que estudiar. -I cannot go out tonight because I have to study.
Tener que Generally speaking use tener que when you have to do something.
Auxiliary (helping) Verb haber (to have)
The auxiliary (helping) verb haber is used in any of the seven tenses + the past participle of the main verb to form the seven compound tenses.
Vimos las conferencias grabadas por nuestro supervisor. -We saw the conferences recorded by our supervisor. Hay muchos programas escritos en Visual Basic. -There are many programs written in Visual Basic.
The past participle used as an adjective In both English and Spanish, the past participle may be used as an adjective to modify a noun. The Spanish past participle used as an adjective agrees in number and gender with the noun it modifies.
El libro está cerrado. -The book is closed. La puerta está cerrada. -The door is closed. Los escritorios están vendidos. -The desks are open. Las computadoras están vendidas. -The computers are open.
The verb estar may be used with the past participle to describe a state or condition resulting from a previous action. When used with estar, the past participle is an adjective and agrees in number and gender with the noun it modifies.
Él toca la guitarra todos los días. -He plays guitar every day. ¿A quién le toca recoger la mesa? -Whose turn is it to clear the table? A él le tocará demostrarla. -It will be his turn to demonstrate it. Alguien toca a la puerta. -Someone is knocking at the door.
Tocar means to play an instrument, it means to touch, to knock and to be one's turn. When it takes on the meaning of "to be one's turn" it takes an indirect object.
Normalmente, tomo el desayuno a las ocho. -I usually have breakfast at eight. La profesora tomó el libro y comenzó a leer a la clase. -The teacher took the book and began to read to the class. Mi amigo tomó el tren esta mañana a las siete. -My friend took the train this morning at seven o'clock.
Tomar also means "to take" in the sense of "to grab" or "to catch" Lastly the verb tomar is also used to talk about food, meaning, "to have"
Trabajar
Trabajado
comprar compr- Compra la camisa. Buy the shirt. aprend- ¡Aprende español! Learn Spanish! escribirescrib- Escribe el ensayo. Write the essay.
Tú Command: Affirmative: For regular verbs, you will simply use the third-person singular form of the present indicative to form an affirmative tú command. Forming Commands with -ar Verbs For verbs that end in -ar, add the third-person singular ending -a to the stem. Forming Commands with -er and -ir Verbs For verbs that end in -er and -ir, add the third-person singular ending -e to the stem ar -> a er/ir -> e
Vos hablás muy bien. ¿Dónde vivís vos? ¿Vos comés mucho? Lo hice para vos. Quiero bailar con vos. No voy sin vos. -- No difference --- Yo te veo. Ella te habla. ¿Cómo te llamás? Este es tu lápiz.
Voseo: The pronoun vos and it's conjugation is used when: a) the subject of a verb phrase. b) object of a preposition. In all other positions, vos uses the same pronouns and possessive adjectives as tuteo.
Affirmative Commands: AR verbs end in á ER verbs end in é and IR verbs end in í
Voseo: Add an accent to the final vowel of the verb conjugate IR verbs using an I ending instead of E Do not change in the stem for irregular verbs It's the same as the vosotros commands just drop the d and make the last letter an accent. Except for ir use andá instead.
-ar -er -ir Pres. ind. cantái comí viví Pres.subj. cantí comái vivái Imperfect cantábai comíai vivíai Imperfect subj. cantarai comierai vivierai Conditional. cantaríai. comeríai. viviríai Future cantarí comerí vivirí
Voseo: Chilean Voseo is in it's own category of voseo. The rules are pretty simply. 1) Conjugate the verb like it's in vosotros form and then drop the s. 2) If your conjugating the future tense take the infinitive and add an í at the end of it. 3) The only exception to these rules are the present indicative tense -er verbs and the present subjunctive ar verbs. For the present indicative -er verbs you get rid of the -er and replace it with an í. With the present subjunctive you get rid of the -ar and replace it with an í. p.s for commands there is no accent on like in standard voseo.
Vos hablás muy bien. ¿Dónde vivís vos? ¿Vos comés mucho?
Voseo: Present indicative conjugation. AR verbs end in ás ER verbs end in és and IR verbs end in ís
Present subjunctive AR verbs end in és ER verbs end in ás and IR verbs end in ás
Voseo: Same as regular present subjunctive just add an accent to the last vowel.
Soi inteligente. -You are inteligente. ¿Erí de Chile? -You are from Chile?
Voseo: The only irregular verbs that are not part of chilean voseo is ser. Ser in chilean voseo is soi or erí. p.s keep in mind these are the voseo verbs and conjugations and there will be combinations with the subject tú and vos. Such as a)tú + Chilean voseo conjugation (Chile) b)vos + tuteo conjugation (Some small regions) c)vos + voseo conjugation(Argentina,Uruguay,Paraguay) d)tú + tuteo conjugation (standard) e)tú + voseo conjugation (Some small regions)
Argentina, Uruguay y Paraguay - Exclusively use Vos Spain, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Equatorial Guinea, Mexico -Exclusively use Tú Everywhere else there are pockets and places in many Spanish countries where Tú and Vos are used together interchangeably. Chile - Has it's own special type of Voseo.
Voseo: Vos means "you" in parts of Latin America. Vos used to be mean tú plural in Spain. But it was so popular it replaced tú and was used for both plural and singular. To distinguish the difference vos+otros = vosotros was created. Similarly was true when nos (Yo plural) was changed to nosotros. Tú eventually made a comeback in Spain. Places where Spain had a strong influence and hold used Tú and places that didn't used Vos instead which is where we are at today.
Present indicative conjugation. AR verbs end in ás ER verbs end in és and IR verbs end in ís Affirmative Commands: AR verbs end in á ER verbs end in é and IR verbs end in í Present subjunctive AR verbs end in és ER verbs end in ás and IR verbs end in ás *only irregular command is ir. Doesn't exist say andá instead.
Voseo: Voseo and Tuteo are exactly the same except for the following. 1) Normal present tense 2) Affirmative commands 3) Present subjunctive There are no stem changing ir, haber and estar are all the same in vos. The only irregular voseo conjugation is in ser where instead of eres you have sos instead.
Niños, cantad bien. (Children, sing well.) Amigos, bebed esta agua. (Friends, drink this water.) Abrid las ventanas. (Open the windows.)
Vosotros commands: Affirmative: o form affirmative vosotros commands, simply drop the -r from the infinitive and add a -d. Vosotros Command Formula drop the infinitive -r, add a -d How to Form the Vosotros Command infinitive vosotros command hablar hablad comer comed vivir vivid p.s ir does not drop the -d, but rather maintains it to become idos.
hablar habléis no habléis comercomáis no comáis escribirescribáis no escribáis No habléis. Do not talk. No corráis. Do not run. No durmáis. Do not sleep.
Vosotros commands: Negative: To form negative vosotros commands, simply use the present subjunctive vosotros form. Don´t forget to put the no in front of the verb! Negative Vosotros Formula no + vosotros of the present subjunctive How to Form Negative Vosotros Command
hácedlo no lo hagáis irse idos divertirse divertíos
Vosotros commands: Same rules as for the other commands but with the unique vosotros commands. Also, reflexive "-ir" verbs require you to add an accent mark in the vosotros form:
Niños, cepillaos los dientes. -Children, brush your teeth. ¡Callaos, por favor! -Be quiet, please! sentirse sentíos vestirse vestíos
Vosotros commands: When giving a vosotros command with a reflexive verb, remove the final -d and add the vosotros reflexive pronoun os to the end of the verb. Also, reflexive "-ir" verbs require you to add an accent mark in the vosotros form when you add the os to make it reflexive.
Yo puedo verlo. Yo lo puedo ver. -I can see him. Yo deseo comprarlo. Yo lo deseo comprar. -I want to buy it. (Yo) lo veo. -I see him. (Yo) la abro. -I open it.
When the direct object of the verb is a pronoun, it is placed in front of the verb while at other times it is attached to the infinitive. At other times it is attached to the present participle.
Ir(to go)
a + infinitive:
Ponerse (to begin to, to set about)
a + infinitive:
acercarse (approach to)
a + infinitive:
acertar(to manage to)
a + infinitive:
acostumbrarse(to be/get used to)
a + infinitive:
alcanzar(to manage to)
a + infinitive:
animar(to encourage to)
a + infinitive:
aprender(to learn to)
a + infinitive:
atreverse(to dare to)
a + infinitive:
ayudar(to help)
a + infinitive:
bajar(to go down to)
a + infinitive:
disponerse(to get ready to)
a + infinitive:
echar(se)(to begin to)
a + infinitive:
empezar(to begin/start)
a + infinitive:
enseñar(to teach)
a + infinitive:
esquiar(to ski)
a + infinitive:
forzar(to force)
a + infinitive:
impulsar(to urge)
a + infinitive:
incitar(to incite)
a + infinitive:
inclinar(to incline)
a + infinitive:
invitar(to invite)
a + infinitive:
limitarse(to limit oneself)
a + infinitive:
llegar (to manage to, succeed in, end up)
a + infinitive:
llevar (to lead to)
a + infinitive:
mandar (to send, to order)
a + infinitive:
meterse (to start)
a + infinitive:
negarse (to refuse)
a + infinitive:
obligar (to force, compel to)
a + infinitive:
pasar (to go on)
a + infinitive:
persuadir (to persuade)
a + infinitive:
prepararse(to get ready to)
a + infinitive:
renunciar (to renounce)
a + infinitive:
resignarse (to resign oneself)
a + infinitive:
resistirse(to resist)
a + infinitive:
tender(to tend )
a + infinitive:
volver a (to ___ again) as in volver +a + infinitive means you did it again like Ella volvió a barrer el piso. -She swept the floor again. Nos volveremos a ver. -We will see each other again
a + infinitive:
abierto
abrir
caido-fallen
caer
caer (to fall down)
cayendo
comer
comido
construir (to construct)
construyendo
corregir (to correct)
corrigiendo
creído (believed)
creer
creer (to believe)
creyendo
cubierto (covered)
cubrir
Aleks Syntek debió de entender la diferencia. -Aleks Syntek probably understood the difference. La señora Gómez debe de estar enferma porque sale de casa raramente. -Mrs. Gomez probably is sick because she rarely goes out of the house.
deber de + infinitive is another way of saying "probably"+ verb check the examples.
Dicho(said/told)
decir
¡Déjelo!
dejar means to leave someone or to leave something behind you. Dejar also means to allow or to let go.
Despedirse(to say goodbye)
despidiéndose (saying goodbye)
destruir (to destroy)
destruyendo
devuelto(returned something)
devolver
Voy a devolver el libro a la biblioteca. -I'm going to give back the book to the library.
devolver means "to give back"
decir (to say, to tell)
diciendo (saying, telling)
divertirse(to enjoy oneself)
divirtiéndose(enjoying oneself)
dormir(to sleep)
durmiendo
Escrito(written)
escribir
No me gusta gastar mucho dinero. -I don't like to spend much money.
gastar means to spend (money)
María ha de traer un pastel y yo he de traer el helado. -Mary is supposed to bring a pie and I am supposed to bring the ice cream.
haber + de + infinitive means "to be supposed to . . . "
hecho(made/done)
hacer
huir(to flee)
huyendo(fleeing)
ido(gone)
ir
leído(read)
leer
leer(to read)
leyendo
mentir(to lie)
mintiendo(lying)
muerto(died)
morir
morir(to die)
muriendo(dying)
deber
obligation
oír(to hear)
oyendo(hearing)
oído(heard)
oír
Me gustaría pasar un año en España. -I would like to spend a year in Spain. El ganador de la lotería pasó un año a gastar tontamente su dinero. -The lottery winner spent a year wasting his money foolishly.
pasar means to spend (time)
Pedir(to ask for/order)
pidiendo(asking/ording/requesting)
Puesto(put)
poner
Cuando vi el accidente, me puse pálido. -When I saw the accident, I became pale. Mi madre se puso triste al oír la noticia desgraciada. -My mother became sad upon hearing the unfortunate news.
ponerse + an adjective means "to become" in a state of physical or mental condition.
poder(to be able to/ to can)
pudiendo(being able)
recibir
recibido
repetir (to repeat)
repitiendo
resuelto(resolved,solved)
resolver(to resolve, to solve)
reído (laughed)
reír
Reír(to laugh)
riendo(laughing)
roto(broken)
romper(to break)
¿Sabe Ud. nadar? -Do you know how to swim? Sí, (yo) sé nadar. -Yes, I know how to swim.
saber + infinitive When you use saber + infinitive, it means to know-how.
seguir(to follow)
siguiendo (following)
sentir (to feel)
sintiendo
servir (to serve)
sirviendo
traído(brought)
traer(to bring)
traer (to bring)
trayendo (bringing)
visto(seen)
ver
amenazar con (to threaten to)
verb + con + infinitive:
comenzar con (or por)(to begin with/by)
verb + con + infinitive:
contar con(to count/rely on)
verb + con + infinitive:
contentarse con(to be satisfied with)
verb + con + infinitive:
preocuparse con (to be concerned with)
verb + con + infinitive:
soñar con (to dream of)
verb + con + infinitive:
José se casó con Ana. -Joseph married Anna. Ayer, di con mi amiga Francisca en el supermercado. -Yesterday, I met my friend Francis at the supermarket.
verb + con + infinitive: Verbs that take the preposition con + Noun or Pronoun.
Cuento con tener éxito. -I am counting on being successful. Sueño con ir a Chile. -I dream of going to Chile.
verb + con + infinitive: Verbs that take the preposition con + infinitive.
Quedarse con (to keep)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
acabar con (to finish, put an end to)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
amenazar con (to threaten with)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
casarse con (to marry)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
comenzar con (or por) (to begin with)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
contar con (to count on)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
cumplir con (to due one's duty by, fulfill one's obligations toward)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
dar con (to meet, happen upon)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
encontrarse con (to meet)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
enfrentarse con (to face)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
pagar con (or por) (to pay with/by)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
soñar con (to dream of)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
tener que ver con (to concern, have to do with)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
tropezar con (to run across, happen upon)
verb + con + noun or pronoun:
confiar en (to trust to)
verb + en + infinitive:
consentir en (to consent to)
verb + en + infinitive:
consistir en (to consist of)
verb + en + infinitive:
convenir en (to agree to)
verb + en + infinitive:
dudar en (to hesitate to)
verb + en + infinitive:
empeñarse en (to insist on, be determined to)
verb + en + infinitive:
hacer bien en (to be right to)
verb + en + infinitive:
hacer mal en (to be wrong to)
verb + en + infinitive:
insistir en (to insist on)
verb + en + infinitive:
interesarse en (to be interested in)
verb + en + infinitive:
molestarse en (to bother about, take the trouble to)
verb + en + infinitive:
pensar en (to think about)
verb + en + infinitive:
persistir en (to persist in)
verb + en + infinitive:
quedar en (to agree to)
verb + en + infinitive:
tardar en (to take a long time to, delay invacilar en to hesitate over)
verb + en + infinitive:
vacilar en (to hesitate over)
verb + en + infinitive:
El muchacho se empeño en salir. -The boy insisted on going out. El avión tardó en llegar. -The plane was late in arriving.
verb + en + infinitive: verbs that generally take the preposition en + infinitive.
apoyarse en (to lean on/against)
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
confiar en (to trust, rely on)
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
consistir en (to consist of)
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
convertirse en (to turn into, become)
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
entrar en (to enter (into))
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
esperar en (to wait in/at)
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
fijarse en (to notice)
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
meterse en (to get involved in)
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
pensar en (to think about, have in mind)
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
reparar en (to notice)
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
vender en (to sell for (+ amount))
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
volver en (to return in (+ time))
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
volver en sí (to be oneself again, to regain consciousness)
verb + en + noun or pronoun:
Me apoyé en la puerta. I leaned against the door. Entré en el restaurante. I entered the restaurant. ¿En qué piensa Ud.? What are you thinking of? Pienso en mi trabajo. -I am thinking of my work.
verb + en + noun or pronoun: verbs that generally take the preposition en + noun or pronoun.
Debo hacer mis lecciones. -I ought to do my lessons.
verb + infinitive: deber + infinitive = I ought to i
decidió tratar mejor. -I decided to try better.
verb + infinitive: decidir + infinitive = to decide to
Mi madre me dejó salir. -My mother allowed me to go out. Dejé caer mi libro. -I dropped/ let my book(fall).
verb + infinitive: dejar + infinitive = to allow to, to let
Deseo tomar un café. -I wish to have a cup of coffee.
verb + infinitive: desear + infinitive = to desire to, to wish to
Espero ir a la América del Sur este invierno. -I expect to go to South America this winter.
verb + infinitive: esperar + infinitive = to expect to, to hope to
Tú me haces reír. -You make me laugh.
verb + infinitive: hacer + infinitive = to do, to make, to have something done or made
Necesito pasar una hora en la biblioteca. -I need to spend an hour in the library.
verb + infinitive: necesitar + infinitive = to need
Le oí entrar por la ventana. -I heard him enter through the window.
verb + infinitive: oír + infinitive = to hear
Pienso hacer un viaje a México. -I plan to take a trip to Mexico.
verb + infinitive: pensar + infinitive = to intend to, to plan
Puedo venir a verle a la una. -I can come to see you at one o'clock.
verb + infinitive: poder + infinitve = to be able to, to can
Prefiero quedarme en una casa esta noche. -I prefer to stay at home this evening.
verb + infinitive: preferir + infinitive = to prefer
Prometo venir a las ocho . -I promise to come to see you at eight o'clock.
verb + infinitive: prometer + infinitive = to promise
Quiero comer ahora. -I want to eat now.
verb + infinitive: querer + infinitive = to want to, to wish to
¿Sabe Ud. nadar? -Do you know how to swim? Sí, yo sé nadar. -Yes, I know how to swim.
verb + infinitive: saber + infinitive = to know how to
Veo venir el tren. -I see the train coming.
verb + infinitive: ver + infinitive = to see
Domingo acabó por casarse con Elena. Dominic finally ended up marrying Helen. ¿Mi libro de español ?Lo doy por perdido. My Spanish book? I considered it lost. La señorita López se da por actriz. -Miss Lopez pretends to be an actress.
verb + por + infinitive / verb + por + noun or pronoun: verbs that generally take the preposition por + infinitive, noun, pronoun, adjective
afanarse por (to strive to)
verb + por + infinitive:
apurarse por (to strive to)
verb + por + infinitive:
comenzar por (or con) (to begin with/by)
verb + por + infinitive:
disculparse por (to apologize for)
verb + por + infinitive:
esforzarse por (to struggle to)
verb + por + infinitive:
estar por (to be in favor of/to be yet to be completed)
verb + por + infinitive:
luchar por (to struggle to)
verb + por + infinitive:
optar por (to opt for)
verb + por + infinitive:
apurarse por (to be anxious about)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
asustarse por (or de) (to be frightened about)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
cambiar por (to exchange for)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
comenzar por ((or con) to begin with)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
decidirse por (to decide on)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
desvelarse por (to be very concerned about)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
disculparse por (to apologize for)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
estar por (to be in favor of, to support/to be in the direction of)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
interesarse por (to be interested in, to ask about)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
jurar por (to swear by/on)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
luchar por (to struggle for)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
molestarse por (to bother about/with)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
optar por (to opt for)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
pagar por (or con) (to pay with/by)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
preguntar por (to ask about/after)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
preocuparse por (to worry about)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
rezar por (to pray for)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
salir por (to leave via)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
ser decidido por (to be decided by)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
tomar por (to take for)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
viajar por (tren, autobús) (to travel by (train, bus))
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
votar por (to vote for)
verb + por + noun or pronoun:
acercarse a (approach to)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
acostumbrarse a(to get used to)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
aficionarse a(to become fond of)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
asemejarse a(to resemble, look like)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
asistir a(to attend)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
asomarse a(to appear at)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
cuidar a(to take care of)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
dar a(to face, overlook)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
dedicarse a(to devote oneself to)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
dirigirse a(to go toward, address)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
echar la culpa a(to blame)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
entrar a(to enter)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
equivaler a(to equal, be equivalent to)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
estar sentado a(to be seated at)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
ir a(to go to)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
jugar a(to play (a game, sport))
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
llamar a(to call, telephone)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
llegar a(to arrive at/in)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
oler a(to smell like)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
paracerse a(to look like)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
querer a(to love)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
resistirse a(to resist)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
responder a(to answer)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
saber a(to taste like)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
ser aficionado a(to be a fan of)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
sonar a(to sound like)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
subir a(to board, get on/into)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
tocar a(to knock on)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
tocarle a ___(to be ___'s turn)
verb +a + noun or pronoun.
Acabar de (to have just done something)
verb +de + infinitive:
acordarse de (to remember to)
verb +de + infinitive:
acusar de (to accuse of)
verb +de + infinitive:
alegrarse de (to be happy, pleased to)
verb +de + infinitive:
arrepentirse de (to regret)
verb +de + infinitive:
avergonzarse de (to be ashamed of)
verb +de + infinitive:
cansarse de (to tire (get tired) of)
verb +de + infinitive:
cesar de (to stop)
verb +de + infinitive:
convencerse de (to become convinced)
verb +de + infinitive:
cuidar de (to take care, be careful to)
verb +de + infinitive:
dejar de (to stop; to fail to)
verb +de + infinitive:
disuadir de (to dissuade from)
verb +de + infinitive:
encargarse de (to take charge of)
verb +de + infinitive:
guardarse de (to take care, be careful not to)
verb +de + infinitive:
hartarse de (to be fed up with)
verb +de + infinitive:
jactarse de (to boast about)
verb +de + infinitive:
lamentarse de (to bemoan)
verb +de + infinitive:
olvidarse de (to forget to)
verb +de + infinitive:
parar de (to stop )
verb +de + infinitive:
preocuparse de (to be concerned about)
verb +de + infinitive:
presumir de (to boast about)
verb +de + infinitive:
quejarse (de) to complain (about)
verb +de + infinitive:
terminar de (to stop)
verb +de + infinitive:
tratar de (to try to)
verb +de + infinitive:
tratarse de (to be about, be a question of)
verb +de + infinitive:
Guillermo acaba de llegar. -William has just arrived. Me alegro de hablarle. -Im glad to talk to you. Me canso de esperar el autobús. -I'm getting tired of waiting for the bus.
verb +de + infinitive: Verbs that take the preposition de + infinitive.
abusar de to abuse, overindulge in
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
acordarse de (to remember)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
alegrarse de (to be happy, pleased about)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
alejarse de (to go away from)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
apartarse de (to keep away from)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
apoderarse de (to take possession of)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
aprovecharse de (to take advantage of)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
bajar de (to get out of, get off, descend from)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
burlarse de (to make fun of)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
cambiar de (to change)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
cansarse de (to tire (get tired) of)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
carecer de (to lack)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
compadecerse de (to feel sorry for, pity)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
constar de (to consist of)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
cubrir de (to cover with)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
cuidar de (to take care of)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
depender de (to depend on)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
despedirse de (to say good-bye to, take leave of)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
despojarse de (to take off (clothes))
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
disculparse de (to apologize for)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
disfrutar de (to enjoy)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
dudar de (to doubt)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
enamorarse de (to fall in love with)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
encogerse de ((hombros) to shrug)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
enterarse de (to find out about)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
estar loco de (alegría) (to be crazy with (happiness))
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
fiarse de (alguien) (to trust)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
forrar de (to line/cover with)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
gozar de (to enjoy)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
gritar de (dolor) (to scream in (pain))
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
jactarse de (to boast about)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
llenar de (to fill with)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
morir de (hambre) (to die from (hunger))
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
mudar de (to change (clothes, colors))
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
mudarse de casa (to move (house))
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
ocuparse de (to be busy with)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
olvidarse de (to forget)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
oír hablar de (to hear about)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
pensar de (to think of, have an opinion about)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
perder de vista (to lose sight of)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
pintar de (to paint + color)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
ponerse de acuerdo (to come to an agreement)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
preocuparse de (to worry / be concerned about)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
quejarse de (to complain about)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
reírse de (to laugh at)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
saber de memoria (to memorize, know by heart)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
salir de (to leave (from))
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
saltar de (alegría) (to jump for (joy))
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
servir de (to serve as)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
servirse de (to use)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
tratarse de (to be about, deal with)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
vestir de (to dress in)
verb +de + noun or pronoun:
Me acuerdo de aquel hombre. -I remember that man. Vamos a aprovecharnos de esta oportunidad. -Let's take advantage of this opportunity. Después, de bajar del tren, fui a comer. -After getting off the train, I went to eat. Todos los días cambio de ropa. -Everyday I change my clothes. Me canso de este trabajo. -I am getting tired of this work. No me fío de mi coche.¡Es un verdadero cacharro! I don't trust my car. It's a real jalopy!
verb +de + noun or pronoun: verbs that take the preposition de + noun or pronoun
venir (to come)
viniendo (coming)
vestir (to dress)
vistiendo (dressing)
Vuelto(returned)
volver
Voy a volver a casa. -I'm going to return home.
volver means "to return" in the sense of "to come back". a synonym is regresar.
ir(to go)
yendo(going)
