Visual Dictionary of Architecture(Reinforce Concrete p.202-207)

standard hook

A 90 deg, 135 deg, 180 deg bend made at the end of a reinforcing bar

welded splice

A butt splice made by arc-welding the butted ends of two reinforcing bars.

compression splice

A butt splice made by connecting a butted end of to enforcing bar with a mechanical fasteners such as a sleeve clamp

reinforced concrete beam

A concrete beam designed to act together with longitudinal and web reinforcement in resisting applied forces.

tied column

A concrete column reinforced with vertical bars and individual lateral ties

spiral column

A concrete column with spiral reinforcement enclosing a circular core reinforced with vertical bars.

balanced section

A concrete in which the tension reinforcement theoretically reaches its specified yield strength as the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain.

overreinforced section

A concrete section in which the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain before the tension reinforcement reaches its specified yield strength. this is dangerous condition since failure of the section could occur instantaneously without warning

underreinforced section

A concrete section in which the tension reinforcement reaches its specified yield strength before the concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain. this is desirable condition since failure of the section would be preceded by large deformations, giving prior warning of impending collapse

one way slab

A concrete slab of uniform thickness reinforced in one direction and cast integrally with parallel supporting beams

bent bar

A longitudinal bar bent to an angle of 30 or more with the axis of the concrete beam, perpendicular to and intersecting the cracking that could occur from diagonal tension

ribbed slab

A reinforced concrete slab cast integrally with a series of closely spaced joists which in turn are supported by a parallel set of beams. It is designed as a series of parallel t-beams

continuous slab

A reinforced concrete slab extending as a structural unit over three or more supports in a given direction.

butt splice

A splice for transferring tensile or compressive stresses from one longitudinal bar to another, made by butting their ends together and connecting them in a positive fashion

lap splice

A splice for transferring tensile or compressive stresses from one longitudinal bar to another, made by lapping there and for a length specified in a bar diameter

composite column

A structural steel column thoroughly encased in concrete reinforced with both vertical and spiral reinforcement.

stirrup

Any of the U-shaped or closed-loop bars placed perpendicular to the longitudinal reinforcement of a concrete beam to resist the vertical component of diagonal tension.

bottom bar

Any of the longitudinal bar serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subject to a positive moment

top bar

Any of the longitudinal bars serving as tension reinforcement in the section of a concrete beam or slab subjected to a negative movement.

anchorage

Any of various means such as embedment length or bars, for developing tension or compression in the reinforcing bar on each side of a critical section in order to prevent bond failure or splitting

reinforced concrete column

Concrete column designed to act together with vertical and lateral reinforcements in resisting applied forces

plain concrete

Concrete having no reinforcement, or reinforced only for drying shrinkage or thermal stresses.

prestressed concrete

Concrete reinforced by pretensioning or post tensioning high-strength steel tendons with their elastic limit to actively resist a service lot. Tensile stresses in the tendons are transferred to the concrete, placing the entire cross section of a flexural member in compression, the resulting compressive stresses counteracts the tensile bending stresses from the applied load , enabling the prestressed member to deflect less,. Greater love, or span a greater distance than a conventional it in force member of us same size, proportion and weight

fiber-reinforced concrete

Concrete reinforced with dispersed, randomly oriented fibers of glass or plastic.

two-way slab

Concrete slab of uniform thickness being forced into direction and gas integrally with supporting edge beam or bearing wall on four sides

mushroom construction

Flat slab construction utilizing column capitals and drop panels

cover

The amount of concrete required to protect steel reinforcement from the fire and corrosion, measured from the surface of the reinforcement to outer surface of the concrete section.

bar spacing

The center to center spacing of parallel reinforcing bar, resulting clear distance between the bar being regula ted by bar diameter, maximum size of coarse aggregate, and thickness of the concrete section

effective depth

The depth of concrete section measured from the compression face to the centroid of the tension reinforcement.

column capital

The head of a column support for a flat slab enlarged increase the plate area in shear

drop panel

The portion of the flat slab thickened around the column or column capital to increase its resistance to shear

critical section

The section of a flexural concrete member at a point of maximum stress, a point of inflection, or a point within the span where the tension bars are no longer needed to resist stress.

punching shear

the potentially high shearing stress developed by the reactive force of a column on a reinforced concrete slab

posttension

to prestress a concrete member by tensioning the reinforcing tendons after the concrete has set.

pretension

to prestress a concrete member by tensioning the reinforcing tendons before the concrete is cast

spiral reinforcement

lateral reinforcement consisting of an evenly spaced continuous spiral held firmly in place by vertical spacers

reinforced concrete slab

rigid planar structure of concrete designed to act together with principal and secondary reinforcement in resisting applied forces

lateral reinforcement

spiral reinforcement or lateral ties placed in a concrete column to laterally restrain the vertical reinforcement and prevent buckling

abutment

structure for anchoring the reinforcing tendons in the pretension over concrete member

embedment length

Length of embedded reinforcement provided beyond a critical section.

truss bar

Longitudinal Bar bent UP OR DOWN at points of MOMENT REVERSAL in a reinforced concrete beam.

vertical reinforcement

Longitudinal reinforcement placed in concrete column to absorb compressive stresses, resist bending stresses and reduce the effects of creep and shrinkage in the column

longitudinal reinforcement

Reinforcement essentially parallel to the horizontal surface of a slab or to the long axis of the concrete beam or column

deformed bar

Reinforcing bar hot rolled with surface deformations to develop greater bond with concrete

reinforcing bar

Steel bar for reinforcing concrete, usually specified by the number equivalent to its diameter in eight of an inch. Also called rebar

offset bend

a bend displacing a section of longitudinal bar to a position parallel to the original bar, used esp. in the vertical reinforcement of concrete columns

hook

a bend or curve given to the end of a tension bar to develop an equivalent embedment length, used where there is insufficient room to develop an embedment length

precast concrete

a concrete member or product that is cast and cured in a place other than where it is to be installed in a structure

flat slab

a flat plate thickened at its column supports with column capitals and drop panels to increase its shear strength and moment-resisting capacity: suitable for heavily loaded spans

tendon

a high-strength steel or strand or bar for prestressing concrete

jack

a hydraulic device for stretching and stressing tendons in the prestressing of a concrete member

anchor

a mechanical device for locking a stressed tendon in position and delivering the prestressing force to the concrete, either permanently in a postensioned member or temporarily during hardening of a pretensioned concrete member.

beam-and-girder-slab

a one-way slab supported by secondary beams which in turn are supported by primary beams or girders

hollow-core slab

a precast, prestressed concrete plank internally cored to reduced dead weight.

solid flat slab

a precast, prestressed concrete plank suitable for short spans and uniformly distributed floor and roof slabs

compound column

a structural steel column encased in concrete atleast 2 1/2 in. (64mm) thick reinforced with wire mesh

reinforcement

a system of steel bars, strands, or wires for absorbing tensile, shearing, and sometimes the compressive stresses in a concrete member or structure

waffle slab

a two-way concrete slab reinforced by ribs in two directions.

reinforced concrete

concrete in which steel reinforcements is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces. also called béton armé, ferroconcrete

flat plate

concrete slab of uniform thickness reiforced in two or more direction in the board that directly by columns without beams or girders