Vocabulary Task Standars 10,11,12,13
John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil
(436) 1870 Formed Standard Oil Company of Ohio & soon acquired 20 of 25 refineries in Cleveland (started expanding horizontally) By 1880s, he established great dominance within petroleum industry that he was the leading symbol of monopoly to nation.
theodore roosevelt
1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France.
american federation of labor
1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
freedmans bureau
A federal agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War
ida tarbell
A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.
Monopoly
A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller.
initiative
A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.
ku klux klan
A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.
sitting bull
American Indian chief, he lead the victory of Little Bighorn
thomas edison
American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures.
Steel Industry
An example of big business that was made possible by Captain of Industry Andrew Carnegie. It helped fuel industrialism in America and the manufacturing center was Pittsburgh.
ellis island
An immigrant receiving station that opened in 1892, where immigrants were given a medical examination and only allowed in if they were healthy
angle island
Angel Island is located in San Francisco Bay and immigrants passed through it. The immigrants were mostly of Asian decent.
15th amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
14th amendment
Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
17th amendment
Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures)
trusts
Firms or corporations that combine for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices (establishing a monopoly). There are anti-trust laws to prevent these monopolies.
samuel gompers
He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.
wounded knee
In 1890, after killing Sitting Bull, the 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 300 Natives were murdered and only a baby survived.
Andrew Johnsons impeachment
Johnson was impeached for ignoring a law passed to limit presidential power. The real reason was the Radical Republicans wanted him removed so he could not influence Reconstruction. Johnson survived removal by the Senate by one vote.
muckrakers
Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public
black codes
Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War
jim crow laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
transcontinental railroad
Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US
Presidential Election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden tied in an election. Democrats said, "Hayes can be president if you get rid of the troops here in the south," Thus ending reconstruction
Conressional Reconstruction
Sent federal troops to the south to oversee the establishments of state governments that were more democratic
jane adams hull house
Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English.
plessy v. ferguson
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
referendum
a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate
13th amendment
abolished slavery
light bulb
an electric device, often with a glass covering, that emits light
immigrant labor
came in large numbers, unskilled workers, extremely low wages, performed jobs no one else wanted, 14 hour work day
upton sinclair's the jungle
novel published in 1906 that portrayed the filthy conditions in Chicago's meatpacking industry and led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act
Presidential Reconstruction (Lincoln/Johnson Plans)
reconstruction program that allowed confederate states to establish new state governments after 10 percent of their male population pledged their loyals
recall
request from manufacturer to return a product after a defect has been found
pullman strike
violent 1894 railway workers' strike which began outside of Chicago and spread nationwide
