VR exam questions

As a child's lexicon expands, which of the following are true?

A) There is a need for better cognitive organization. B) Semantic networks are formed.

Ideally, language learning begins where and with who?

With caregiver at home

Within what context do children learn language?

Within conversational context

Which of the following is characteristic of a conversation?

topic generally relates to activities in the immediate context

What are 3 characteristics of a referential conversational style?

1) children that have more adult contact and interaction 2) they use more single words 3) they use an analytic or bottom up strategy in which they build their utterances from individual words

What are the 3 characteristics of an expressive conversational style?

1)children have more peer contact and interaction 2) attempt to produce longer units 3) tend to use a holistic or top down strategy in which utterances are broken down into smaller parts

At what stage (age) do young children get better at turn taking?

3-5 years/ preschool

Children only begin to realize that indirect requests are more polite than direct requests around what age:

5

two types of language proficiency.

BICS is day-to-day language used to interact with others (ie. Ordering from a menu, conversations with friends). It takes 6 months to 2 years to develop. CALP takes 5-7 years to develop and is the formal academic language needed to be proficient in school. CALP involves listening, speaking, reading, and writing about subject area content material. It is about developing critical skills like comparing, classifying, evaluating, and inferring.

In what areas of language are words frequently overextended?

Comprehension and expression

Overly restricted meanings that contain fewer exemplars than the adult meanings are called overextensions.

False

Words are overextended more in comprehension than in production

False

When a child first forms a link between a referent and a name this process is known as:

Fast Mapping

How do young children acquire meaning?

Forming categorical concepts/schemas THEN--- Extending the word to appropriate new items of the same mental schema/folder that they have in their brain

Explain what multisensory experiences for young children are.

Interactions Conversations playing and interacting with others them going to school or daycare

A true language disorder is evident in the acquisition of which language?

L1 and L2 ( home language and second language)

What are some variables that can contribute to individual differences in development?

Personality Temperament Ethnicity Gender Social economic status First born

The concept formation hypothesis that assumes all references can be defined by a universal set of features to establish meaning is referred to as the

Semantic Meaning Hypothesis.

Which of the following methods of concept formation is based exclusively on static attributes?

Semantic Meaning Hypothesis.

A toddler's first meaningful speech consist of what?

Single/one word utterance

What main finding (the bottom line) did we learn in the Hart & Risley study?

The more words a child is exposed to relates to higher academic success.

According to the functional-core hypothesis of concept development, early definitions are based on object use.

True

Children express their early intentions through a combination of gestures, vocalizations, and verbalizations called primitive speech acts.

True

Morphological learning is characterized by ________ developmental growth.

U-shaped

Competence with different registers varies with ________and ____________.

age; experience

Gestures and words become more ______________for specific intentions at 2 years old.

coordination

Conversations are ________whereas narratives are _____________

dialogues ; decontextualized monologues

Narrative or event descriptions are based on underlying ________.

event scripts

If a child defined "ball" as "something you play with" it would be likely that he/she was using which of the following concept formation hypotheses?

functional core

Conversations and quality ____________are the key ingredients to language learning.

interactions

There is a strong relationship between a child's first words and the frequency of

maternal use of those words of these words.

Calling all men "daddy" is an example of .

overextension

Most extensions and overextensions of meaning seem to be based on

perceptual similarities.

Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for the high proportion of nouns in the first lexicons of children?

perceptual/conceptual distinctiveness

Explain what is meant by a U-shaped developmental growth (as it relates to children's morphological learning).

represents a child first having the correct production and comprehension of morphemes initially, but then the child starts to make some errors until the child is able to self correct and return to using the morphemes correctly. correct production, then errors, then correct terms used There will be correct responses at first, then errors, then they will correct the errors