VT 140: Introduction to Livestock Industry

Only about _______ of the world's land area is suitable for production of foods that can be directly consumed by humans. -6% -11% -16% -21%

11%

What is the normal average length of gestation in a sow? -21 days -114 days -150 days -285 days

114 days

Postovulation insemination performed in the equine species is highly successful when performed within -6 hours -8 hours -12 hours -16 hours

12 hours

Modern-day livestock producers lose ____________ of their incomes to parasites, toxins, and diseases affecting their animals. -Less than 5% -5% to 10% -15% to 20% -More than 20%

15% to 20%

What is the normal average length of gestation in goats? -21 days -114 days -150 days -285 days

150 days

The number of teats on the mammary glands of different animals varies. List the correct number of teats for a mare. -2 -4 -12 -14

2

What nutrient is not required for normal horn and hoof formation? -Lipids -Vitamin K -Amino acids -Protein

Vitamin K

How high can goats commonly jump? -6 feet -5 feet -4 feet -3 feet

6 feet

Total body water consists of ______ intracellular fluid, _____ extracellular fluid, and ______ transcellular fluid. -50%, 30%, 20% -30%, 50%, 20% -30%, 60%, 10% -60%, 30%, 10%

60%, 30%, 10%

When administering fluids via nasogastric tube to a horse, do not exceed ______ liters of fluid every 30 to 60 minutes. -2 -4 -6 -8

8

What percent dehydrated is a horse whose heart rate is 61 to 80 bpm, capillary refill time (CRT) is 3 seconds, skin tent is obviously delayed (3 to 5 seconds), with tacky mucous membranes? -6% to 7% -8% to 9% -10% to 11% -12% to 15%

8% to 9%

While creating a technique chart, you determined that a diagnostic-quality radiograph for a metacarpus that was 15 cm thick required a kVp of 80. What would be the kVp setting for a metacarpus that was 16 cm thick? -78 -82 -83 -84

83

As much as ______ of health-related disease in large animals can be related to improper nutrition. -10% -25% -50% -90%

90%

When restraining a sheep, what body part should not be grabbed? -Front leg -Head -Back leg -Wool

Wool

When unloading a horse from _____________, the safest way is to back it out. -Any trailer -A two-horse trailer only -A stock trailer only -A slant-load trailer only

Any trailer

A bloated rumen -Would cause a pear-shaped silhouette when the animal is viewed from behind -Can be determined by ballottement -Appears as an enlargement of the left paralumbar fossa -Would be heard as a deep rumbling when detected by percussion and auscultation

Appears as an enlargement of the left paralumbar fossa

Failure to decrease the grain intake for a horse that transitions from training/work to an idle status may cause -Polydipsia -Azoturia -Anorexia -Pyrexia

Azoturia

Which of the following is not recommended for a weak foal? -Bucket feeding -Bottle feeding -Nasogastric intubation -Intravenous nutrition

Bottle feeding

The knot or hitch that can be used for breeding hobbles is a -Bowline on a bight -Clove hitch -Halter tie -Reefer

Bowline on a bight

During lung auscultation, a portion of the ___________ lung field is obscured by shoulder musculature and cannot be heard. -Midthorax -Caudodorsal -Cranioventral -Cranial abdominal

Cranioventral

A roll-bar in a farrowing crate keeps the sow from contacting the pen wall as she lies down; the function of the roll-bar is to prevent -Injuring the teats -Upsetting the food -Crushing the young -Breaking the pen wall

Crushing the young

The most accurate method for estrous cycle determination in the mare is -Rectal palpation -Diagnostic ultrasound per rectum -Vaginal examination -Vaginal cytology

Diagnostic ultrasound per rectum

What would provide the best information on the mineral status of a horse? -Feed analysis -Muscle analysis -Blood and urine analyses -Hair analysis

Feed analysis

When taking the temperature on a horse, the string tied to the ring-top on a mercury thermometer -Is not used to prevent aspiration of the thermometer into the rectum -Is not used to prevent the thermometer from falling to the ground -Is secured to the animal's skin with a clothespin or alligator clip -Should be at least 24 inches long

Is not used to prevent aspiration of the thermometer into the rectum

In dairy cattle the teats and udder are gently washed before milking to stimulate the release of __, which causes milk let-down. -Adrenalin -Norepinephrine -Dopamine -Oxytocin

Oxytocin

_________________ can be the single most important piece of information obtained during a colic examination on a horse. -History of the current colic episode -Pain assessment -Physical condition/evidence of self-trauma -General husbandry and management practices

Pain assessment

The coat of a _________ has yellow tan as its body color and leg color, with a white or blonde mane and tail. -Palomino -Buckskin -Bay -Chestnut

Palomino

A camelid that presents with its ears held up and rotated slightly forward, with its tail lying flat against the rectum, is -About to spit -Aggravated -Extremely aggravated -Relaxed

Relaxed

In the horse, a second-degree atrioventricular heart block detected by palpation of an artery -Is an emergency situation -Represents a common heart arrhythmia -Occurs following vigorous exercise -Presents in an irregular pattern

Represents a common heart arrhythmia

Which hormone produced by the corpus luteum is necessary for the pregnancy to continue? -Progesterone -Follicle-stimulating hormone -Luteinizing hormone -Prostaglandin

Progesterone

What drug is used to return a mare to proestrus from diestrus through lysis of the corpus luteum? -Progesterone -Estrogen -Prostaglandin -Gonadotropin

Prostaglandin

If you are restraining a horse during a procedure and it becomes fractious, you should -Request help -Push the horse's head away from you -Pull the horse's head toward you -Remove the halter from the horse's head until it calms down

Pull the horse's head toward you

Agitation, pacing, nickering, lifting the tail head, turning and biting at sides, and kicking the abdomen occur during which stage of labor in the mare? -Stage 1 -Stage 2 -Stage 3 -Stage 4

Stage 1

The mare will pass her placenta during _____ of labor. -Stage 1 -Stage 2 -Stage 3 -Stage 4

Stage 3

Heat mount detectors across the back of a cow that are activated cause a color change what does this indicate. -Food consumption -Playful interactions -anestrus -Standing heat

Standing heat

When diagraming face markings on a horse, a _________ is a small marking between the eyes located anywhere from the poll to the bottom third of the forehead. -Snip -Stripe -Star -Blaze

Star

The knot or hitch used to secure a lead rope to a stationary object is a -Square -Clove hitch -Bowline -Halter tie

Halter tie

A system of mating in which a sow in estrus is placed in a pen with one boar, under the watchful eye of the producer is -Hand mating -Individual breeding -Harem mating -Pen mating

Hand mating

Chutes used for moving swine should be constructed so that the sides -Have no openings -Have vertical bars -Have horizontal bars -Are wider at the bottom than at the top

Have no openings

What is the best method to encourage a goat to stand still? -Lift up the head and chin -Cover an eye -Hold up a front leg -Tie to a fence

Hold up a front leg

What breed is usually worked in stanchions or headlocks? -Holstein cow -Simmental bull -Angus heifer -Jersey bull

Holstein cow

During pregnancy, goats require extra dietary energy during the last -4 months -3 months -2 months -1 week

2 months

In the camelid, ovulation and fertility will return postpartum at approximately -5 days -10 days -15 days -20 days

20 days

What is the minimum amount of water needed by a 450 kg horse per day? -10.8 L -21.6 L -32.4 L -43.2 L

21.6 L

The gestation length of the cow is approximately -256 to 259 days -265 to 269 days -279 to 283 days -341 to 345 days

279 to 283 days

The approximate pregnancy length of the camelid is -290 to 310 days -310 to 330 days -330 to 350 days -350 to 370 days

330 to 350 days

What is the normal average gestation period of horses? -63 days -148 days -285 days -336 days

336 days

The average gestational length for the mare is -200 days -240 days -300 days -340 days

340 days

List the correct number of teats for a cow. -2 -4 -12 -14

4

In late-term pregnancy, the foal's heart rate will fall within the range of -20 to 80 bpm -30 to 100 bpm -40 to 150 bpm -80 to 180 bpm

40 to 150 bpm

For a sow to exit a farrowing crate, she must back up. What device works best to force her to back out of the crate? -A herding panel -A bucket -A hog snare -A broom

A broom

A group of gilts is very nervous, because they have been caught with a snare several times in the past. What would you use to facilitate snaring them? -A cane or herding stick -A lariat -A pair of hog tongs -A bucket placed over the pig's head

A pair of hog tongs

Cattle and swine display what type of estrous cycle? -Polyestrous -Seasonally polyestrous -Diestrous -Monoestrous

Polyestrous

When a calf suckles and ingests warm milk, the reticular groove is stimulated to close so that milk and saliva pass directly into the -Abomasum -Rumen -Reticulum -Duodenum

Abomasum

Somatic damage caused by electromagnetic radiation -Presents when the damaged individual reproduces -Is more extensive with smaller cumulative doses than a single massive dose -Affects metabolically inactive cells and presents later in life -Affects metabolically active cells and is immediate or can present later in life

Affects metabolically active cells and is immediate or can present later in life

A horse standing with its ears erect and moving and its head erect is most likely -Depressed -Nervous -Alert -Angry

Alert

The ___ hay, if processed correctly, has the highest nutritional value when compared to other hays. -Alfalfa -Bluegrass -Oat -Timothy

Alfalfa

A cattle chute that features the ability to open an entire side is advantageous when -Palpating the posterior half of the animal -Addressing the ability of the animal to move laterally -Posting -An animal collapses

An animal collapses

When treating colic in a horse, nasogastric intubation -Can be a lifesaving maneuver -Is routinely used with a vomiting horse -Can prevent reflux -Should not be used to administer water

Can be a lifesaving maneuver

To capture a herd of goats, it is best to -Chase them with a dog. -Capture the lead goat and the rest will follow. -Use small panels to block off escape. -Stand in front of the barn and call.

Capture the lead goat and the rest will follow.

______________ are ruminants. -Cattle and horses -Cattle and goats -Cattle and swine -Cattle, sheep, and alpacas

Cattle and goats

The knot or hitch used to secure a rope to a vertical bar without slippage is the -Clove hitch -Halter tie -Half hitch -Bowline

Clove hitch

Of the cattle listed, which is most likely to be docile? -Dairy bull -Beef bull -Dairy cow -Beef cow

Dairy cow

When placing lateral radiographs of a horse's leg on the view box, the _______ aspect would be toward the ________, and the ________ aspect would toward the __________. -Dorsal, left, caudal, right -Caudal, left, dorsal, right -Proximal, left, dorsal, right -Distal, left, caudal, right

Dorsal, left, caudal, right

In cows, production of colostrum begins -During the last 2 to 3 weeks of gestation -When the calf suckles -During the first postparturient estrous cycle -During the first trimester of pregnancy

During the last 2 to 3 weeks of gestation

What is the best time of day to restrain sheep in the summer? -Midafternoon -Afternoon -Early morning -Midmorning

Early morning

When assessing the gait of a horse, which test provides evidence of proprioceptive defects? -Incline walking -Circling -Elevated head walking -Backing

Elevated head walking

In embryo transfer, flushing the uterus of the donor is done for the purpose of -Superovulation -Breeding -Embryo identification -Embryo recovery

Embryo recovery

________________ in the horse has the unique characteristic of producing a purple gum line along the margins of the teeth. -Abnormal hemolysis -Endotoxic shock -Hepatic dysfunction -Extremely low oxygen content in the tissue

Endotoxic shock

Overfeeding of the nutrient class ___ to ruminants or horses predisposes them to laminitis, or founder. -Vitamins -Minerals -Energy -Protein

Energy

A local swine producer calls your clinic to schedule an appointment for blood testing a group of replacement gilts. The gilts are currently penned in a large pasture but are fed daily on a fenced concrete pad. It is July, and the weather is hot and humid. What instructions would you give to the producer about penning the gilts before you and the veterinarian arrive? -Fence them in their current mud wallow. -Pen the animals in the corner of the pasture the night before and withhold water. -No special instructions are necessary. -Entice the animals into the feeding area and confine them on the concrete pad just before the scheduled appointment time.

Entice the animals into the feeding area and confine them on the concrete pad just before the scheduled appointment time.

How often does estrus occur in normal, nonpregnant cows? -Every 10 to 15 days -Every 19 to 23 days -Every 30 to 35 days -Every 285 to 290 days

Every 19 to 23 days

What type of hormone is bovine somatotropin (BST)? -Estrogen -Growth hormone -Prolactin -Insulin

Growth hormone

Sweating around the shoulders of a mare in labor is indicative of -Dystocia -Foaling within 30 minutes -Colic -Nothing significant

Foaling within 30 minutes

When restraining a foal in lateral recumbency -Natural twitches are preferred -Ensure that the mare cannot witness the procedure -Pressure should be applied to the ventral aspect of the neck -Grasp the legs above the carpus or tarsus

Grasp the legs above the carpus or tarsus

The peak of estrous activity in the equine species occurs near which of the following dates? -June 21st -August 21st -December 21st -May 21st

June 21st

Freeze branding -Kills the hair follicles, producing a hairless scar -Destroys the hair pigment but spares the melanocytes -Kills the melanocytes but spares the hair follicles -Cannot be used on gray horses

Kills the melanocytes but spares the hair follicles

What animal would you expect to have the highest water intake? -Heifer -Bull -Lactating cow -Dry cow

Lactating cow

Which breeding system involves the mating of several generations of offspring to an ancestor that has exhibited superior traits? -Inbreeding -Linebreeding -Outcrossing -Grading up

Linebreeding

During the cranial nerves evaluation of a neurologic examination, if a gesture is made toward the eye of a horse and the eyelid closes and/or the horse withdrawals its head, this would indicate a normal -Spinal reflex -Pupillary light reflex -Withdrawal reflex -Menace reflex

Menace reflex

The most common procedure, and almost always the first method attempted, to resolve a dystocia is -Mutation and traction -Fetotomy -Cesarean section -Chemical restraint

Mutation and traction

____________ is the diagnostic imaging technique used to evaluate the overall musculoskeletal system of an adult horse. -Nuclear scintigraphy -Computed tomography -Magnetic resonance imaging -Diagnostic ultrasound

Nuclear scintigraphy

Small pinpoint hemorrhages, less than 1 mm in diameter, seen on the mucous membranes are -Petechial hemorrhages -Ecchymotic hemorrhages -Purpuric hemorrhages -Of no major significance

Petechial hemorrhages

During examination of a male's external genitalia, prolonged penile extension is more likely to occur when using -Prostaglandins -Progesterones Correct Answer -Phenothiazine-based tranquilizers -Electroejaculators

Phenothiazine-based tranquilizers

Pigs can be challenging animals to handle. When working with swine, understand that -There is no cause for concern about personal safety. -Pigs are not normally vicious, but caution is advised when working with them. -Lactating sows are calm and do not mind if their piglets are handled. -All pigs are extremely dangerous and will attack humans without provocation.

Pigs are not normally vicious, but caution is advised when working with them.

What restraint device would you choose to safely and easily collect blood samples from crated sows? -Hog snare -Sling -V trough -Rope snare

Rope snare

In what portion of the ruminant digestive system does most microbial fermentation take place? -Abomasum -Duodenum -Rumen -Omasum

Rumen

In ruminants, the path of feedstuff through the stomachs is -Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum -Reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum -Reticulum, rumen, abomasum, omasum -Rumen, reticulum, abomasum, omasum

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

The easiest large domestic animal to handle is the -Sheep -Goat -Cow -Pig

Sheep

The quality of a mare's colostrum can be evaluated by all of the following except -Stickiness -Specific gravity -Smell -Direct measurement of IgG in the fluid

Smell

A herding panel is useful when handling -Cattle -Swine -Cats -Goats

Swine

If you need to tie a cow's tail out of the way, it is best to tie it to -The cow's own body -A fence rail no higher than its hock -A nail directly overhead -The front of the chute or stanchion

The cow's own body

When restraining large animals, it is best to use -The least amount of restraint necessary -Special equipment appropriate for that species -Chemical restraint -A working chute

The least amount of restraint necessary

Deficiency of _____________ can result in blindness, heart irregularities, convulsions, and even death. -Folic acid -Thiamine (vitamin B1) -Riboflavin (vitamin B2) -Vitamin C

Thiamine (vitamin B1)

Grazing animals have the best depth perception when -An object is at their side -An object is toward their rear -Their heads are up -Their heads are down

Their heads are down

The most common use of endoscopy in equines is -To assess gastric ulceration -To visualize the urinary tract -To evaluate the vagina, cervix, and uterus -To examine the upper respiratory tract

To examine the upper respiratory tract

When handling cattle with horns, stand -Directly in front of the animal -To the left of the animal -To the left and in front of the animal -To one side, directly behind the horns

To the left and in front of the animal

By-Products are: -any animal products other than meat. -meat that has been processed into hamberger. -grain products utilized as animal feed. -all are correct.

any animal products other than meat.

How are the nitrogen needs of the horse's colonic microbes met? -by urea made in the liver and protein digested in the small intestine -by urea made in the kidneys and protein digested in the small intestine -by proteins digested in the horse's large intestine -by protein stored in the cecum

by urea made in the liver and protein digested in the small intestine

Sante's rule is used to estimate ________, which is a _________ factor. -kVp, quantity -kVp, quality -mAs, quantity -mAs, quality

kVp, quality