VTA 170_Final Study Guide
Before placing a peripheral vein catheter, a margin of ________________ should be clipped around the catheter site for sterile placement and maintenance of the catheter.
1.5 - 2 inches
What is the acceptable lower limit on heartbeats per minute for an anesthetized cat?
100 bpm
A technician is preparing a noninvasive blood pressure machine for monitoring a patient during surgery. To ensure that the proper sized blood pressure cuff is being used, the cuff width should be __________ of the circumference of the limb on which it is to be used.
40%
What is the acceptable lower limit on heartbeats per minute for an anesthetized German Shepherd?
70 bmp
Before placing a peripheral vein catheter, the technician cleanses the area and then rinses the cleansed area with :
70% isopropyl alcohol
When selecting an antimicrobial detergent, the veterinary technician should look for one that offers broad-spectrum activity, is non-irritating, offers persistent effects and cumulative activity, and is fast-acting and effective. Which of the following is yet another characteristic the technician should look for?
FDA compliant
A dog arrives after being hit by a car and is extremely dirty. The patient is bathed before surgery, but now the bath has placed this patient at an increased risk for which complication?
Hypothermia
What best describes the chemical part of the scrub procedure?
Inactivation or inhibition of microorganisms on skin and in hair follicles
True or False The edges of all sterile packages are considered non-sterile.
True
What is the best monitoring device during surgery?
a trained veterinary technician
A sterile drape becomes wet and is discarded and replaced immediately. Why?
a wet drape causes strike through
A dog is brought in for a wellness examination. Which of the following is an example of a leading question that should not be asked? a. Are you taking the dog for walks twice daily? b. How would you describe your dog's diet? c. How much sleep does the dog get? d. What medications is the dog on?
a. are you taking the dog for walks twice daily?
Which of the following is not appropriate to include in a patient's signalment? a. Chief complaint b. Gender c. Breed d. Age
a. chief complaint
The veterinary surgeon needs to clamp a large mass on the flank of a thoroughbred horse. Which of the following hemostatic forceps is most appropriate to hand him/her? a. Rochester-Carmalt b. Halstead mosquito c. Ferguson angiotrobe d. Crile
a. rochester carmalt hemostat
What information is included in the patient's signalment?
age, gender and breed
The process of sterilizing instruments packs means making them free of:
all living microorganisms, including their spores
During abdominal surgery, the surgeon wants to remove a tumor. Which tissue forceps, because of its traumatic nature, is used to grasp tough tissue or tissue being removed from the patient?
allis tissue forceps
What is the function of the Murphy's eye, on the endotracheal tube?
allows airflow into the end of an ET tube in the event of occlusion
A technician needs to assess muscle tone while monitoring anesthesia during a dental procedure, but the jaw, of course, is not available. Which muscle is the best substitute for assessing jaw tone?
anus
During surgery, an unscrubbed assistant is warned about violating a sterile field. What is a sterile field?
any person, table, or patient covered with a sterile barrier
What are the two most important practices used to prevent surgical infection?
aseptic and sterile technique
In addition to administration of oxygen and inhalation anesthetics, endotracheal intubation is used to do what?
assist with resuscitative needs
What agent is likely to be added to the premedication protocol for a presurgical patient who is at high risk for bradycardia?
atropine
Which of the following parts of surgical apparel should not be considered sterile? a. Surgical gloves b. Back of gown c. Forearm portion of the gown d. Front chest portion of the gown
b. back of gown
Which of the following is an example of a nonmovable piece of equipment in a surgery room? a. Electrocardiogram machine b. Radiographic view box c. Anesthesia machine d. Cautery unit
b. radiographic view box
Which instrument component is present only on instruments with ring handles?
box lock
A surgical consent form includes which of the following? a. All of the patient's prior surgeries, medical history, and current medications b. An estimate for the surgical procedures to be performed c. Identification of the patient, the specific procedures to be performed along with the potential risks to the patient, and the veterinarian who will perform the procedures and the signature of the owner consenting to the procedures. d. The patient's current diet e. None of the above
c. Identification of the patient, the specific procedures to be performed along with the potential risks to the patient, and the veterinarian who will perform the procedures and the signature of the owner consenting to the procedures.
Which surgical assistant makes an error while pouring an irrigation fluid? a. Assistant A places the basin at the edge of the sterile field b. Assistant B holds the basin away from the sterile field c. Assistant C replaces the cap to protect remaining fluid d. Assistant D discards the remaining fluid
c. assistant c
During surgery on a cat, the veterinarian needs to cut a sponge to fit a particular wound size. Which of the following surgical scissors is most appropriate to hand him/her? a. Hemostat b. Mayo scissors c. Operating scissors d. Metzenbaum scissors
c. operating scissors
A 3-year-old male Basset Hound dog is brought to the clinic for debridement of an infected scratch on his left hindlimb. In which of the following areas of the clinic is is most appropriate to treat the dog's wound? a. Scrub b. Surgical c. Preparation d. Back office
c. preparation
In choosing the right catheter for a procedure, which of the following factors most directly influences the selection of the length of the catheter? a. The age and condition of the patient b. The vessel to be used for placement c. The reason for placement d. The ideal gauge
c. the reason for placement
What machine is most helpful when the technician wants to evaluate an anesthetized patient's respiratory rate and the quality of it respirations?
capnometer
Hypotension can be caused by:
cardiac insufficiency
During surgery on a 6-year-old Border Collie dog, the circulating nurse is asked to open a pack and check it for sterility. The nurse inspects the package outside of the sterile field and sees no holes or tears in the package. Following proper surgery room protocol, the nurse opens the package and gives the contents to the veterinarian, who admonishes the nurse for possibly contaminating the sterile field. What should the circulating nurse have done differently?
checked the sterile indicators on the package
What scrub product has the best residual effect?
chlorhexidine
A new veterinary technician is preparing to start her job tomorrow. Which of the following are the most appropriate nail care practices she should begin tonight?
clip nails shorter than her fingertips and remove nail polish
Which of the following scalpel blades is most likely to fit onto a No. 3 scalpel handle? a. 29 b. 23 c. 21 d. 14
d. 14
Which of the following provide multimodal anesthesia? a. Gas anesthesia, morphine, butorphanol, and fentanyl b. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) c. Xylazine and medetomidine d. Opioids, NSAIDs, local anesthetic agents
d. Opioids, NSAIDs, local anesthetic agents
Why does an orthopedic "clip and prep" of an extremity need to include a circumferential clip around the entire limb? a. If the incision goes all the way through the limb and out the other side, the other side will already be prepared. b. If the surgeon mistakenly incises the wrong side of the limb with the first incision, the mistake is easily corrected c. For patient comfort d. The entire circumference of the extremity needs to be clipped and prepped so that the surgeon can move and manipulate the leg without contaminating the sterile field
d. The entire circumference of the extremity needs to be clipped and prepped so that the surgeon can move and manipulate the leg without contaminating the sterile field
A veterinary technician applies gauze to a patient's ET tube, why? a. To indicate the depth of placement of the tube in the patient b. To secure the tube in place. c. To prevent slippage d. All of the above
d. all of the above
During surgery, which of the following precautions should an unscrubbed assistant take? a. Don't step in between two scrubbed personnel in the sterile field b. Don't step between the patient and the equipment table c. Always face the surgical field d. All of the above
d. all of the above
In which situation is perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis recommended? a. Large-bowel procedure b. Orthopedic procedure for implant placement c. Surgical treatment of an already infected wound d. All of the above
d. all of the above
What is the purpose of pre medicating a patient before inducing anesthesia for surgery? a. To provide a smooth transition to anesthesia b. To provide preemptive analgesia c. To facilitate a smooth recovery from anesthesia d. All of the above
d. all of the above
What needs to be done to the patient after the hair clip and before the patient is moved into the surgery suite? a. Vacuum the clipped hair and clipped area of skin b. Check to see whether the bladder needs expressing c. Perform initial skin scrub d. All of the above
d. all of the above
Where should sterile drapes be applied? a. Over the surgical table b. Over the entire animal c. Over the equipment in the sterile field d. All of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following contributes to hypothermia in the anesthetized patient? a. Anesthetic induced muscle relaxation b. The surgical prep using water and alcohol c. Administering room-temperature intravenous fluids d. All of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following should be performed on the day of the surgery? a. Thorough physical examination b. Review of the patient's medical history with the owner c. Verbal review of the consent and obtaining the owner's signed consent for anesthesia and surgery d. All of the above e. None of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following techniques is most appropriate to use to confirm proper placement of an endotracheal tube? a. Blowing of gauze and/or hair b. Fogging in the tube c. Air movement d. All of the above
d. all of the above
Why is it important to review all medications and supplements that a patient is taking before beginning the surgery? a. To avoid possible drug interactions b. To know whether other diagnostic tests are indicated c. To make any necessary adjustments to the anesthetic protocol d. All of the above
d. all of the above
Why is it important to use surgical instruments only for their designed purpose? a. To avoid damaging them b. To protect their useful life c. The high quality instruments are expensive and should be handled with care d. All of the above
d. all of the above
The veterinary team wants to make the clinic's surgery room aseptic. absence of which of the following would help ensure asepsis in the room? a. Bacteria only b. Fungi and viruses only c. All living microorganisms, including their spores d. All pathogenic microorganisms that cause infection
d. all pathogenic microorganisms that cause infection
Why are leading questions inappropriate to ask during the history taken? a. They make the owner feel compelled to answer a certain way b. They may encourage the owner to answer inaccurately c. They are appropriate and should be asked d. Both a and b e. None of the above
d. both a and b
Why is it important for ratchets to remain locked when the jaw is closed? a. The instrument needs to be reliable mechanism of holding the target tissue or item b. If the ratchets do not remain locked, complications could result. c. Ratchets need to be protected by lock and key so that only the surgeon can unlock them when it is appropriate d. Both a and b
d. both a and b
Why should the patient's identity be verified before the animal is anesthetized for surgery? a. To avoid anesthetizing the wrong patient b. To avoid performing surgery on the wrong patient c. It is not necessary to cross-check the patient's correct identity because any good technician should be able to distinguish all black cats in the hospital on any given day on the basis of physical appearance only d. Both a and b
d. both a and b
During surgery on a 3-month-old puppy, the veterinarian needs to cut a tiny ligament. Which of the following surgical instruments is most appropriate to hand him/her? a. Hemostat b. Mayo scissors c. Operating scissors d. Metzenbaum scissors
d. metzenbaum scissors
After denoting the signalment, which of the following information is most appropriate to ask the client? a. Current medications the animal is being given b. Current supplements is being given c. The animal's diet d. Reason for the visit
d. reason for visit
A 6-month-old female Labrador retriever is undergoing ovariohysterectomy. The surgeon is about to exteriorize the uterine horns. Which of the following instruments is most appropriate to use? a. Rochester-Carmalt b. Babcock intestinal c. Doyen intestinal d. Snook/spay hook
d. snook/spay hook
Which of the following is an example of a movable piece of equipment in a surgery room? a. Radiographic view box b. Surgery light c. Surgery table d. Suction unit
d. suction unit
As anesthetic depth increases, what happens to the respiratory rate?
decreases
What is the function of the cuff indicator on an ET tube?
determines pressure on the trachea once air is infused
Which of the following should be assessed during the history taken? a. Patient's attitude and mental status b. Patient's previous medical problems and treatments c. Patient's ability to see and hear d. Patient's gait and body condition e. All of the above
e. all of the above
What are some safe techniques for preventing hypothermia in small animal surgical patients? a. Circulating warm-water pads b. Electric heating pads c. Snuggle Safe discs d. All of the above e. Both a and c
e. both a and c
The plateau on the display wave of a capnography tracing is most likely to indicate what in an anesthetized patient?
end tidal CO2 levels
During surgery on a 3-year-old Poodle, the veterinary technician anesthetist is monitoring the patient under anesthesia. How frequently is it most appropriate for the anesthetist to check the patients vital signs, and where should the results be recorded?
every 5 minutes on the anesthesia record
The respiratory rate of an anesthetized 3-year-old cat is 5 breaths/min. This is most likely a sign of what?
excessive anesthetic depth
True or False Going into surgery with an empty stomach is the best way for the surgical nurse to avoid experiencing nausea and hypoglycemia if the procedure is unexpectedly long.
false
True or False It is acceptable practice for the circulating nurse to reach over the sterile field if required to assist the surgeon or surgical assistant.
false
True or False Jewelry and long fingernails are protected by the sterile gloves worn, therefore you do not need to remove the jewelry and cut the nails.
false
True or False Strike-through renders surgical drapes "sterile proof" and therefore drapes affected by strike-through cannot become contaminated under any circumstances.
false
Which side of a package of sterile supplies should you unwrap first?
farthest flap
What areas of the scrubbed-in personnel's gown are part of the sterile field?
front from chest to the level of the sterile field
What is the most appropriate anatomical order for performing a physical examination?
head to tail
Flaccid jaw muscle tone in an anesthetized animal is most likely to signify what?
heavily anesthetized
Which tactic(s) may stop a cat from purring during thoracic auscultation?
holding the cat near a sink or faucet, with or without water running
When is the best time to clip a patient?
immediately after the patient has been stabilized under anesthesia
When should a sterile pack be opened?
it should be opened only at the time the scrubbed-in person is ready to receive it or when the equipment table is prepared
Which is one of the most common sites for a peripheral catheter in a dog, but not a cat?
lateral saphenous vein
When securing a catheter in place, how long should the first piece of tape be?
long enough to encircle the patient's limb or neck
During surgery, a technician is using a pulse oximeter to monitor a patient. In addition to monitoring the pulse rate, which of the following additional tasks does the machine do?
measures percentage of available hemoglobin saturated with oxygen
Which scissors is finer and more lightweight and therefore used on delicate tissues?
metzenbaum
During surgery on a 4-year-old DSH cat, the animal's eyes rotate ventrally. This is most likely to signify the animal is in which stage of anesthesia?
moderate
The veterinary surgeon needs to clamp a small vessel in a Cairn terrier dog. Which of the following hemostatic forceps is most appropriate to hand him/her?
mosquito (halstead) hemostat
A 3-year-old female Boxer is undergoing surgery repair to the hindlimb laceration she sustained while running through thick brush. The surgeon needs to use just one hand to hold a suture and then cut it. Which of the following is the most appropriate needle holder to hand the surgeon?
olsen hegar needle holder
Of the following needle holders, which have scissors included in the jaws?
olsen hegar needle holders
What reflex significantly diminishes or is absent when the patient enters the surgical plane of anesthesia?
palpebral
An 11-year-old Cocker Spaniel dog has been prepared for surgery. The technician is about to intubate the dog. Testing which of the following two reflexes is most appropriate before attempting intubation?
pedal and laryngeal
Which suction tip is best used to remove large volumes of liquid or fluid?
poole suction tip
A veterinary technician is about to step out of the surgery room for a minute. What is the most appropriate action he/she should take before leaving the room?
put a clean lab coat over scrubs
Ideally, the patient's temperature should be taken:
rectally, at the end of the examination
What surgical instruments is most appropriate to hand the surgeon when they want to grasp and retract a patient's tissue on a short-term basis?
senn rake hand held retractor
What machine allows estimated numeric assessment of diastolic and systolic blood pressure?
sphygmomanometer
During surgery an unconscious patient's signs change from normal breathing and CRT to shallow, abdominal breathing and a prolonged CRT with a drop in heart rate and pulse from normal to well below normal. The mucous membranes become pale. This is most likely to signify the animal is in which stage of anesthesia?
stage III - surgical anesthesia
Which of the following items is not recommended for use in a presurgical hand scrub? a. Sponge b. Stiff brush c. Nail-cleaning pick d. Anti-septic impregnated scrub brush
stiff brush
During surgery on a 2-year-old DSH cat, a veterinary technician sees the unscrubbed assistant inadvertently handle the sterile surgical gown when giving it to a scrubbed anesthetist. The technician alerts the veterinarian to the possible contamination. The technician has demonstrated which of the following?
surgical conscience
Which is the most common pattern for scrubbing the area of the body undergoing surgery?
target or bullseye
When filling out the anesthesia form, the veterinary technician makes sure to include preanesthetic data as well, including disposition, values, ASA status, and preanesthetic drugs. What information is included under preanesthetic values?
temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, mucous membranes and capillary response time
What does TPR stand for?
temperature, pulse, respiration
The withdrawal reflex is particularly useful when:
the patient is masked
The proper endotracheal tube size to use is a decision based primarily on what?
the patient's weight
True or False The Balfour retractor is a self-retaining retractor that is frequently used during abdominal exploratory procedures.
true