Vtne prep dentistry
Inflammation of the oral mucosal surfaces. It can be subdivided by region, such as local stomatitis.
Define the term stomatitis
2(I1/1 C0/0 P1/1 M3/3)
Dental formula for guinea pigs are chinchillas
Enamel - is the hard mineralize surface of the tooth. It is made up of hydroxyapatite, or calcium phosphate. The cementum is the thin calcified layer of tissue that covers the Denton of the tooth root. The tooth it's self is made up mostly of Denton. the Denton is covered by the enamel on the crown and by cementum on the roots.The pulp is the center part of the tooth that is made up of living connective tissue and is the softest part containing nerve fibers.
The tooth crown is covered with what
104- in this system, the first numeral denotes the quadrant of the tooth and if it is permanent or deciduous. They are numbered starting at the right maxillary and moving counter clockwise
The triadan numbering system is commonly used in dentistry to identify a tooth. What is the correct number of the permanent right maxillary canine tooth of a dog or cat?
Endodontic treatment - the pulp is the soft pink portion inside the tooth that includes the nerves and blood vessels. If the pulp is exposed, this is painful and may lead to infection. These teeth are treated with a root canal (an endodontic procedure), especially for the larger premolars and canine teeth) or are extracted
A dog person's for a broken adults canine tooth. The tooth is broken at the tip and a small area of pulp is exposed. Exposure of toorh in a tooth should be treated in which way?
dexmedetomidine- is a alpha 2 agonist of which the major side effect is bradycardia. Patients with first-degree AV block are often already bradycardic, and the AV block could be made worse by giving and alpha-2 agonist.
A 10 year old male neutered West Highland Terrier with a history of first-degree AV block is admitted to the clinic for a routine dentistry. All of his pre-anesthetic lab work has came back normal. What anesthetic drug would be contraindicated in this case?
2.18 mls
A 12 pound domestic shorthair is presented to your hospital for a dental cleaning. The attending veterinarian has asked you to induce the cat with propofol at a dosage of 4 mg /kilogram IV. The concentration of propofol is 10 mg/mL. How many milliliters will you draw up in the syringe?
375 mg
A 60 pound patient is to go home with clavamox after his dental cleaning. The dose is 14 mg per kilogram. What size tablet should the patient be sent home with
Gingival hyperplasia - is overgrowth of the gum tissue characterized by non-painful swelling of the gingiva.
A boxer presents with overgrowth of the gums. This condition is known as what
Plaque
Accumulation of desquamated cells, food particles, and bacteria all along the teeth are known as what
Attrition - is the wearing of tooth on tooth contact during mastication
As teeth make contact and grind together they gradually become worn. What is this process known as?
Six months - a tooth is considered retained if it is still present after full irruption of their permanent teeth. teething can begin around 3 1/2 to 4 months, and will continue until about six months of age on average, At which point all 42 permanent teeth should be present. If the deciduous teeth are still present after the permanent teeth have come in, they are considered retained and should be extracted.
At what age are puppy teeth considered to be retained?
2(I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1)
Cat dental formula?
307 - in the triadan system, each tooth has a predictable number, even with teeth missing. Therefore, even though cats do not have PM 1 and 2 (number 305 and 306 on the left mandible), The third premolar which is the tooth closest to the canine is 307. In all species, the canine tooth ends in 04 and the first molar ends with 09.
Cats do not have first and second premolar's on the mandible. Therefore, what is the number in the Triadan system for the pre-molar that is closest to the canine on the left mandible?
Dogs have 42 and cats have 30
How many adult teeth are in a dogs mouth? How many in a cats mouth?
Six - the 3 rooted permanent teeth in the maxillary of a dogs are P4, M1 and M2 there are no three rooted permanent mandible teeth in the dog
How many three rooted permanent maxillary teeth are in the mouth of the dog
None - goats have no upper incisors, their upper front mouth is one big gumline. 2(I0/3 C0/1 P3/3 M3/3) =32
How many upper incisors does a goat have
Mandibular premolars two, three, and four, and molar one
In dogs which are all permanent teeth with two roots
Actinomyces bovis - it is most often diagnosed by palpating a firm mass that is immobile over the mandible
Lump jaw is caused by?
Calculus - is mineralization of plaque on the teeth. Plaque is a mixture of bacteria, saliva, and food parts that cover the tooth in a thin film. Plus I can turn into calculus in as early as a week.
Mineralized debris on the tooth surface is known as what
Periodontal probe - it is marked and used to measure depth of periodontal pocket
Name this dental instrument?
Gingiva - also includes the alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament and cementum of the tooth. Gingivitis is usually the first sign of periodontal disease
Periodontal disease can refer to processes affecting what
Probe - is used to check pocket depth
Periodontal pockets are measured by what dental instrument
Maxillary sinus - the fourth upper premolars (carnassial teeth) communicate directly with the maxillary sinus. In the case of a carnassial tooth that becomes infected, and assess builds up around the affected root just under the teeth below and in front of the eye
The fourth upper premolars are connected with which structure in dogs?
It helps cool the instrument tip - The ultrasonic scaler uses water to cool the instrument tip and to flush debris from the tooth as it is scaled away. By cooling the instrument tip, the water helps to prevent thermal damage to the tooth. The polisher is the instrument used to help smooth the tooth surface.
Water comes from the ultrasonic scaler for what purpose?
Rabbits and chinchillas - rabbits chinchillas and dogs developed dental Carries. Carrie's are very rare in other species. Carries are cavities.
What animals develop dental caries?
Upper :3-1-4-3 lower:3-1-3-3
What is a dental formula for the adult horse
A non-malignant oral tumor- these tumors do not metastasize but can be locally invasive. The most aggressive form of this condition, an acanthomatous epulis, can invade and destroy bone
What is the best description of an epulis?
The largest shearing tooth of each dental arcade
What is the carnassial tooth
10 to 15 seconds - the scaler must be kept in contact motion on the tooth surface and should not be on a tooth for more than 10 to 15 seconds. This is because heat can build up and cause thermal damage to the tooth. The water from the scaler also helps to prevent heat buildup. The scaler should be held in a modified pen grasp during the procedure
What is the maximum time that an ultrasonic scaler can be used on a tooth surface?
0-3 mm is considered normal for dogs. Depth greater than 3mm is suggestive of periodontal disease. In cats the normal depth is only 0-1mm
What is the normal sulcus depth of the teeth in dogs when examining with a periodontal probe
2(I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3) - dogs have 42 teeth in total
What is the permanent dentle formula for a dog
To smooth the microscopic defects on the tooth surface - scratches or pits on the tooth that can be created by the scaling procedure or from mastication increase the surface area on the tooth, allowing plaque or calculus to build up more quickly.
What is the purpose of polishing the teeth after a dental cleaning
Alginate - this material is mixed, Placed into an impression tray, and placed over the teeth. After it sets, the tray is removed in one motion in the direction of the long axis of the teeth.
What material is used to record impressions or imprints of the teeth for orthodontic evaluation
Enamel hypoplasia - enamel deficiency that causes an abnormal enamel matrix and present as if the enamel has been eaten away. This may be finding an adult dogs.previously infected with distemper virus as a puppy. Tetracycline antibiotics may also cause this, seen as a permanent brown discoloration of teeth when used in young puppies
What may be seen dentally in the puppy who has had distemper?
Infraorbital block - or maxillary block are local anesthetic techniques used to decrease anesthetic requirements and provide and algesia for procedures involving the maxilla. The inferior alveolar block and mental nerve block are local anesthetic techniques for the mandible.
What nerve blocks can be used to decrease anesthetic requirements and provide analgesia for a dental extraction of a maxillary tooth?
75% - it is thought that 80% of dogs and 70% of cats have some degree of periodontal disease over the age of three years.
What percentage of dogs and cats on average have periodental disease?
Floating - horses teeth grow throughout their lives. When a horse eats normally, grinding food between the back teeth, the abrasives wear the teeth down to keep them even and smooth. However, when a horse eats a softer diet like one containing a lot of alfalfa and grains, the teeth do not ware evenly and can form a sharp, painful points. A horse with overgrown or sharp teeth may have difficulty eating, may hypersalivate, may start drooping food from its mouth, and can begin losing weight. Floating entails filing down the teeth using a dental rasp or float, to make the teeth even and smooth again
What procedure performed in horses include filing and smoothing their teeth
Rabbits - have four incisors two on the top and two on the bottom. Right behind the top incisor teeth are too small peg like teeth called auxillary incisors or peg teeth. Rabbits have cheek teeth that they use to grind their food. These are the six upper premolars, and the four lower premolars, six upper molars and six lower molars and no canine.
What species do not have canines
Rabbits - have a second row of incisors distal to the proximal incisors. When malocclusion occurs, it is important to trim both sets of teeth to maintain proper dentition
What species has a double row of incisors
Horses and rabbits-hypsodont teeth have a long crown height and errupt throughout the animals life. Humans, pigs, dogs, and cats have Brachyodont teeth, which have a short crown length and do not continue to erupt throughout life
What species have hypsodont teeth
Cattle chew their cud, which is food that the regurgitate for remastication. Cows spend about eight hours a day chewing their food
What species regurgitate food for re-mastication
Upper fourth premolar, also known as carnassial teeth, have three roots. The upper first and second molars also have three roots
What teeth are triple rooted in dogs
Apical
What term describes something that is closer to the root of a tooth related to another structure
Caries- dental caries is the condition where trapped food is fermented by bacteria, forming acids that demineralize the hard tissue of the tooth.
What term for dental decay, causes demineralization of the hard tissue of the tooth?
Within 24 hours of birth - piglets are born with eight sharp needle or milk teeth. The teeth can lacerate the sow during nursing, and playing or fighting behavior with other piglets may cause trauma. The teeth are most often clicked within the first 24 hours after birth.
When are needle teeth and piglets usually clipped
lingual
When discussing teeth, what is the tooth surface closest to the tongue termed?
Sternal recumbency is the best for the maxillary. Dorsal recumbency is easiest for the anterior mandible. Lateral is best for the premolars and molars of the mandible.
Which patient position would make the radiograph easiest to take for an upper right third premolar
Bisecting angle technique - the film is placed next to the tooth, the primary x-ray beam is aimed perpendicular to the plane that bisects the angle created by the plane of the central tooth axis to the plane of the dental film
Which technique is needed to produce quality intro oral radiographs
