W1:Q1 The Endocrine System

How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?

0

In the Sliding Filament Model of Contraction, actin and myosin filaments slide past one another using what as an energy source?

ATP

Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by ________.

Abnormally high levels of cortisol

Which of the following is a critical result of bone recycling (remodeling)?

Calcium homeostasis

The division of the nervous system that includes the brain and the spinal cord is the _________ nervous system.

Central

The nervous system uses which of the following types of intercellular communication?

Electrical and chemical

Stage one of GAS is called the alarm reaction. This is short-term stress, the fight-or-flight response, mediated by the hormones __________ and ___________from the adrenal medulla.

Epinephrine; norepinephrine

The primary hormones produced by the ovaries are ________.

Estrogen

How can the anterior part of the pituitary gland control the secretion of thyroid hormones?

If there are not enough thyroid hormones available in the body, the anterior pituitary can release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then stimulates the thyroid gland to release more thyroid hormone.

Which structures of cardiac muscle allows the cells to contract in waves so the heart can work as a pump?

Intercalated discs

What is the fibrocartilage padding in between the vertebrae called?

Intervertebral Disc

What is the type of ossification (bone formation) that occurs between sheets of fibrous connective tissue?

Intramembranous Ossification

If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations, what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to?

Molecules

What is the layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the long bones called?

Periosteum

DNA, and the genes found on the strands of DNA, contain information necessary for synthesizing which type of material?

Proteins

Sensory neurons have nerve endings in the skin that can sense a stimulus. Which of the following are examples of sensory neurons in the skin?

Senses touch, heat, pain

Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________.

Skeletal

_________ muscle is also called voluntary muscle.

Skeletal

The embryonic tissue level, mesoderm, gives rise to which of the following type(s) of tissue?

Skeletal muscle

How many bases found on a gene translate for any one amino acid?

Three

The parathyroid glands are tiny, round structures usually found embedded in the posterior surface of the ___________.

Thyroid gland

In contrast to the nervous system, the endocrine system uses only one method of communication: _________ signaling.

chemical

What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?

chromaffin cells

The adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex of ________ tissue and an inner medulla of ________ tissue.

glandular; nervous

The alpha cells of the pancreatic islets produce and secrete _________.

glucagon

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of ________.

nerve axons

The development of a goiter indicates that ________.

there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

Which type of contraction allows a muscle to produce tension without changing the angle of a skeletal joint or moving a load?

A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

Which of the following statements is/are true about nervous tissue?

A neuron is able to propagate nerve impulses, a neuroglial cell is a supportive cell, the cell body of a neuron is called the soma

Which of these methods that aids in the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane requires the use of energy which is supplied by ATP molecules?

Active transport

The parathyroid glands are small structures located on the posterior thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates blood ________ levels.

Calcium

The broad categories of connective tissue include which of the following types of connective tissue?

Connective tissue proper, supportive connect tissue, fluid connective tissue

Which property allows muscle tissue to pull on its attachment points and shorten with force?

Contractility

The process when the cytoplasm actually divides into two separate cells is named _________.

Cytokinesis

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars

Hormones produced and released from sex organs include which of the following?

Estrogen and progesterone, testosterone, FSH and LH

Which of the following statements about insulin is true?

Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane

The adrenal glands are wedges of glandular and neuroendocrine tissue adhering to the top of the _________.

Kidneys

Which general type of hormone can easily pass through the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm of the cell?

Lipid-soluble hormones

Tendons are a type of fibrous connective tissue. What do tendons connect to bones?

Muscle

The two major organ systems that participate in relatively "long distance" communication in order to control and coordinate actions in the body are the _______ system and the _______ system.

Nervous; endocrine

The two general types of cells found in the nervous system are _______ and ________.

Neurons, glial cells

The female's uterus secretes the following hormone:

The uterus does not synthesize nor secrete any hormones.

The basic types of cell-to-cell junctions between epithelial cells are ________.

Tight junctions, gap junctions, anchoring junctions

The signaling done by the endocrine system is accomplished by the use of chemicals called _______.

hormones

The hormones of the human body can be divided into which of the following major group(s)?

Derived from amino acids, derived from lipids

Hormones regulate certain target cell responses. These can include which of the following?

Growth and development of tissue, metabolism, sexual function, fluid balance

Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperparathyroidism leads to high PTH levels which would lead to excessive calcium reabsorption from bones. This could then result in pathological fractures.

What two types of macromolecules are the main components of myelin?

Lipids and protein

Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true?

Located anterior to trachea and inferior to larynx, parathyroid glands are embedded within it, it manufactures three hormones, it is controlled by the anterior part of the pituitary gland

Varying degrees of contractive force in a skeletal muscle are generated through the process of what?

Motor unit recruitment

A muscle-forming stem cell is called a what?

Myoblast

Which of the following are organelles found inside of an animal cell?

Nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, ribosome

The _________ nervous system is responsible for conscious perception and voluntary motor responses. The _________ nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of the body.

Somatic; autonomic

One of the major functions of the adrenal glands is to respond to ________.

Stress

Which type of joint is freely moveable, such as the elbow and knee?

Synovial (Hinge)

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?

TSH

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce and secrete __________.

insulin

The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to ________.

prepare the breasts for lactation

The gonads produce what class of hormones?

steroid hormones