WC Exam 1
_____, like many northern renaissance artists, imitated nature, not by using perspective like the italians, but by observing and portraying details the best he could (12)
jan van eyck
members of the society of Jesus, founded by ignatius loyola, whose goal was the spread of the roman catholic faith (13)
jesuits
what was the cause of the 100 years war between england and france? (11)
king philip VI of france's seizure of aquitaine
opposition to the clergy (13)
anticlericalism
as a result of the peace of augsburg, the people of germany (13)
became either lutheran or catholic, depending on the preference of their prince
in general, during the plague, the clergy (11)
cared for the sick and buried the dead
sum of money given to the groom by the wife's family (12)
dowry
a document issued by henry IV of france in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to calvinists, which helped restore peace in france (13)
edict of nantes
in issuing the stature of laborers (1351), what were the english lords attempting to do? (11)
freeze salaries and wages pre-1347 levels
the war between france and spain for control of italy ended when the (12)
french army occupied nice in 1494
"fur collar crime" refers to (11)
groups of nobles who roamed the english countryside stealing from the rich and poor and demanding protection money
french calvinists (13)
huguenots
how did the closing of the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women? (13)
marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women
DBQ: what event occurred in in 1498? (12)
savonarola is sentenced to death for heresy
in addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the council of trent? (13)
securing reconciliation with the protestants
there was a high demand for these eastern goods in europe (12)
silks, sugar, and spices
the religious life of bridget of sweden demonstrates that (11)
some expressions of piety and and religious devotion included mystical experiences
sent by spain's philip II in 1588, this fleet constituted a religious crusade against the english protestantism; the english fleet and bad weather defeated it (13)
spanish armada
the renaissance was all of the following EXCEPT (12)
the end of poverty
john calvin's formulation of christian doctrine, which became a systematic theology for protestantism (13)
the institutes of the christian religion
martin luther's first response to the peasant's war was (13)
to side with the peasants
as the italian city-states grew wealthier, the church gained power (12)
true
leonardo da vinci was an excellent example of renaissance italy's social ideal because he (12)
was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician
how did luther benefit from his appearance before the holy roman emperor charles V at the diet of worms? (13)
luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teaching and practices
what aided martin luther as his call for reform emerged? (13)
luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works
all of the following are associated with painting during the high renaissance EXCEPT (12)
machiavelli
the statute of kilkenny attempted to (11)
maintain the ethnic purity of the english living in ireland by preventing intermarriage or cultural assimilation
why did elizabeth I have her cousin, mary queen of scots, executed? (13)
mary became implicated in a plot to assassinate elizabeth
the frescoes painted by _____ have long been regarded as the first masterpieces of EARLY renaissance art (12)
masaccio
painter of the sistine chapel ceiling (12)
michelangelo
which italian city-state created an efficient tax system to generate revenue for the government? (12)
milan
difference between northern and southern renaissance (12)
northern: imitated nature, smaller oil paintings -dürer and van eyck southern: secular, human paintings -michelangelo and da vinci
the flemish painter jan van eyck was one of the first to use and perfect this technique. (12)
oil painting
how did the cannon affect the power of monarchies? (11)
only central governments could afford cannons, enhancing the military power of the central states over nobility
luther viewed celibacy as (13)
opposed to human nature and God's commandments
_____ was called the father of italian renaissance humanism (12)
petrarch
catholic and protestant moderates who held that only a strong monarchy could save france from total collapse (13)
politiques
the pilgrimage of grace attested to
popular opposition, in nothern england, to henry VIII's reformation
humanist educators of the renaissance stresses all of the following EXCEPT (12)
practical tool skills
the teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works (13)
predestination
the name originally given to the lutherans, which came to mean all non-catholic western christian groups (13)
protestant
paintings and sculptures of the renaissance were more (12)
realistic
renaissance women were educated in which of the following? (12)
religion and morals
rebirth (12)
renaissance
the dissolution of the english monasteries (13)
resulted from henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth
which of the following best describes martin luther's doctrine of salvation? (13)
salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace
what was theologian john wyclif's main argument? (11)
scripture alone should determine church belief and practice
in hungary, lutheranism was
spread by hungarian students who has studied at the university at wittenberg
parents in renaissance italy carefully arranged marriages, often to (12)
strengthen business or family ties
DBQ: according to the passage, a good spiritual life results from (12)
strict obedience to church direction
in the italian family, the mother's chief role was to (12)
supervise the household
work by castiglione (12)
the book of the courtier
dante's masterpiece (12)
the divine comedy
the reformation in england was primarily the result of (13)
the dynastic and romantic concerns of henry VIII
what characteristic distinguished the english parliament from other representative assemblies? (11)
the frequency of the english parliament's meetings established the sense and expectation that its authorization was required for certain types of legislation
in the early 16th century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following issues?
the immorality of preists who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy
how widespread was the influence of the inquisition? (13)
the inquisition effectively destroyed heresy within papal states but had little influence elsewhere
which of the following characterizes joan of arc's experience in the french military? (11)
the king made her co-commander of the army, and she led it to a string of victories
how did the choice to embrace or reject the reform movement occur in a territory or region in the holy roman empire? (13)
the political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms
as the italian city-states grew wealthier, (12)
the power of the church increased
political work by machiavelli (12)
the prince
which of the following was characteristic of the rebellions that swept across europe in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth century? (11)
they involved both rural and urban laboring people
why did the protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce? (13)
they viewed marriage as a temporary arrangement in this world that had no significance for the afterlife
how did the flagellants respond to the black death? (11)
they whipped and scourged their bodies as penance, believing that the black death was God's punishment for humanity's wickedness
what was the typical goal of a woman pursuing a charge of rape? (11)
to restore her honorable reputation
according to the map 11.1: the course of the black death in the fourteenth century europe, the plague spread through europe following the expansion of what? (11)
trade and commerce routes
italian merchants profited from the crusades (12)
true
religious themes were common in both northern and italian renaissance artwork (12)
true
the alliance of seven northern provinces (led by holland) that declared its independence from spain and formed the united provinces of the netherlands (13)
union of utrecht
the highly infectious nature of the plague was enhanced by (11)
urban congestion and lack of sanitation
during the hundred years war, the english kings were supported by some french barons because the latter (11)
wanted to stop the french monarchy's centralizing efforts
who benefited from the black death? (11)
workers: those who survived demanded high wages after the black death, increasing standard of living for the broad mass of people
christine de pizan is best known for her (12)
works written in defense of women
during the great schism, how did the powers of europe align themselves? (11)
along traditional political alliances, with france and her allies supporting the french pope and the others favoring the italian pope
a noble must have all of these characteristics EXCEPT (12)
an informal education
"not only did talking to or being around the sick bring infection and a common death, but also touching of the sick or anything touched or used by them seemed to communicate this very disease to the person involved." in this quote from giovanni boccacio, what knowledge of the black death is sharing?
any contact with the sickened individual, or items that the person had come in contact with, would result in the infection of those imitating physical contact
luther's ideas about roman exploitation of germany (13)
appealed to the national sentiment of german princes
how did the english induce panic among the french troops at the battle of crécy? (11)
by using the longbow to send a torrent of arrows into the french, followed by artillery from the ring of cannon
chaucer's the canterbury tales is an important work because (12)
chaucer's use of of the english vernacular was important in making his dialect chief ancestor of the modern english language
DBQ: what event occurred in 1534? (12)
church of england separates rome
form of latin used by the ancient romans (12)
classical
the calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a (13)
confidence among calvinists in their own salvation
in 1528, baldassare castiglione wrote the book of the courtier, which (12)
described the characteristics of a perfect renaissance noble
john calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believed it would (13)
detract from the sovereignty of God
according to map 11.3: fourteenth century revolts, where was the largest number of popular revolts during this period? (11)
england and france
like italian artists, northern renaissance artists painted large frescos in their cathedrals (12)
false
unlike italian artists, most northern artists rejected the use of minute detail (12)
false
according to castiglione's book, the book of the courtier, a noble should do all of the following EXCEPT (12)
farm the land
the city-state that was led by a family of wealthy merchants and bankers was (12)
florence
a painting done on fresh, wet plaster (12)
fresco
DBQ: according to the passage, a prince must appear to be (12)
good
how did the calvinists understand the idea of work or labor? (13)
hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified
in which of the following ways did charles VII of france expand his authority? (11)
he expelled the english from all french soil except calais
why did jan hus gain so many followers? (11)
his attack on papal authority and his call for the translation of the Bible into czech resonated with many people who opposed to the church's wealth and were experiencing an emerging czech nationalism
the official roman catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrine heresy (13)
holy office
machiavelli encouraged rulers and would-be rulers to believe that (12)
human nature was self-centered
study of ancient classics (12)
humanism
the _____ movement had profound effect on education (12)
humanist
a document issued by the catholic church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins (13)
indulgence
how does dante's divine comedy demonstrate the tensions of the fourteenth century? (11)
it is a deeply Christian poem but also harshly criticizes some church officials
the high demand for middle eastern goods enabled the _____ to set up new trading centers in eastern ports (12)
italian merchants
DBQ: in this passage, dante refers to which type of language, which he used in the divine comedy? (12)
italian vernacular
confraternities were part of a movement in which (11)
laymen and laywomen increasingly took control of parish affairs
the high renaissance in italy is associated with three artists? (12)
leonardo da vinvi, raphael, michelangelo
DBQ: leonardo da vinci was all of the following EXCEPT a(n) (12)
linguist
what english weapon provided an advantage against the mounted french knights in the battles of poitiers and agincourt? (11)
longbow
the period of climate change in europe between 1300 and 1450 is known as the (11)
"little ice age"
how did the climate change shape the late middle ages? (11)
-around 1000-1300, europe experienced unusual climate change -in 1300 the climate became wetter and much colder (known as the "little ice age") -because of this, harvests would not ripen and many crops like hay, oats, and wheat were ruined, which everyone depended on -this scarcity of food supplies combined with the inability of people to afford other foods led to starvation -this period of scarcity and starvation was a result of climate change, known as the great famine
what nations fought in the 100 years war? who won and how? (11)
-england and france -france won -the longbow gave the english an advantage at the beginning of the war (making the sides more equal), but the french dominated the longbow's use -french has home field advantage and completely defensive war; more population, larger geography for food
what do yersinia pestis and flagellants have in common? (11)
-yersinia pestis was the bacteria discovered by alexandre yersin -he concluded this bacteria was the primary cause of the bubonic plague -scientific discoveries because of medical knowledge were introduced through yersin -before yersin, people would rely on superstition as an answer to why God was punishing them with the plague -flagellants would whip themselves with hope that if they punished themselves, God would not give them the plague
worldly (12)
secular
why did most ordinary poles oppose the lutheran reform movement? (13)
they held strong anti-german feelings
which of the following groups joined in the jacquerie rebellion in france, killing nobles and destroying the noble property? (11)
peasants and small merchants
_____ was a northern artist who visited italy and studied the italian laws of perspective in art (12)
albrecht dürer
what did the saint bartholomew's day massacre lead to? (13)
a lengthy civil war
the immediate cause of the english peasant rebellion of 1381 was (11)
a sharp rise in grain prices
luther believed that the church consisted of (13)
a spiritual priesthood of all Christian believers
