WC97: Arab-israeli resolution:Balfour Declaration; Mcmohan Hussein correspondence
UN Resolution
- 1947 - asked by Britain to settle disputes between the Arab and Jewish people of Palestine - passed a resolution that divided Palestine into two states - Arabs in Palestine resisted the resolution - Arabs (many) were displaced and became refugees
Middle East Following World War I
- Britain exercised chief political influence in the region under various mandates from the League of Nations - Zionist movement and Arab nationalists challenged British authority in the Middle East
Controversy of the Balfour Declaration?
- British government also promised support to an Arab independent nation through the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence
Yishuv
- Jewish community in Palestine
Result of the Balfour Declaration
- Jews took terms literally and emigrated to Palestine - population had grown to 750 000 Jewish people in Palestine
Zionist movement
- founded by Theodor Herzel
Effect of the Balfour Declaration
- raised false hopes among both Jews and Arabs - laid foundations for future frustration and conflict - Jews and Arabs felt betrayed
Arthur Balfour
- the British Foreign Secretary - declared that Britain favored establishing a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine, under Ottoman rule
Zionism between World War I and World War II
- thousands of Jews immigrated to what became British-ruled Palestine -Yishuv developed its own political parties, press, labor unions, and educational system. - Arabs of Palestine considered the Jewish settlement an intrusion and violent clashes ensued
Balfour Declaration
- was a short letter by Foreign Secretary, Arthur Balfour to the Zionist Leader, Lord Rothschild - It was assumed that the letter gave the British government's support to the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
What events lead to the creation of Israel:
1. Theodore Herzl: Father of Zionism. - antisemitism growing rampant. - opened the doors to jewish nationalism 2. Fall of the ottoman empire, gave up palestine 3. British became the mandate power of palestine 4. Committed Balfour declaration 5. WW2 happenend - Holocaust - antisemitism 5.5. in 1945, arabs insisted on complete independence under arab rule, and jews embarked on violent resistence. 6. British gave the issue of Palestine to UN 7. UN divides palestine into 2 states 8. Civil war breaks out, between arabs and jews 9. Jews proclaim Israel an independent state 10. Israelis gain more territories despite what they were initially given. 11. Arab, Israeli war spans over 5 decades
why did Jews need a homeland?
1. interest for jews to return to the lands their ancestors were expelled from 2. represented to fulfillment of god's promise that they were chosen to complete their destiny to zion 3. religious belief 4. they were discriminated against 5. the holocaust
Balfour Declaration year ?
1917
Define: Zionism
An international movement originally for the establishment of a Jewish nation or religious community in Palestine and later for the support of modern Israel.
British promise to ?
Create a Jewish state in Palestine
British dealing with ?
Jews/Zionists
emigration
Leaving a population
What was the McMahon Hussein Correspondence?
McMahon promised Hussein he would grant independence to most Arab areas in the Ottoman Empire
British gain ?
Money and Support
Who was Henry McMahon?
British High Commissioner.
How did the Jewish emigration have an effect on the Arab-Israeli conflict?
Palestinians felt threatened and in 1929 escalating tension between Palestinians and Jews led to violence. Britain responded by restricting Jewish emigration.
Who was Sharif Hussein?
The ruler of the Muslim Holy city, Mecca. Arab side.