WCSU - English 5038
farce define examples
a comedy in which silly often stereotyped characters are involved in far fetched situations Waiting for Godot (By Samuel Beckett) taming of the shrew shakespeare
heroic couplet ex
a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentamenter and written in an elevated style alexander pope's sound and sense
blooms taxonomy
a helpful construct to guide the formulation of questions
memoir
a historical account written from personal knowledge
foot what is it? examples?
a metrical foot is one stressed sullable and an umber of unstressed syllables (from 0 to as many as 4) examples of metrical feet: iambic trochaic anapestic dactylic
spondee
a metrical unit with stressed-stressed syllables. only has 2 syllables ex: dum dum
picaresque what is it example
a novel that features a rogue main character living by his wits and is told by a string of loosely connected events the adventures of huckleberry fin
existentialism movement what is it? who is the foremost? others 1 2 3
a philosophy that values human freedom and personal responsibility. Jean-paul sartre is the foremost soren kierkegaard (father of it) albert camus Franz Kafka
sestina
a poem 6 stanzas of 6 lines and a final triplet; all stanzas having the same 6 words at the line ends in 6 different sequences
ballad
a short narrative poem, often written by an anonymous author, compromising short verses intended to be sung or recited
fable
a short story, typically with animals as characters, conveying a moral.
frame story
a story within a story
stream of consciousness
a style of writing that portrays the inner (often chaotic) workings of a character's mind.
a method in which two students take turns reading aloud, asking each other questions, clarifying understanding, and making predictions. in this way students model their thinking and comprehension processes collaboratively
a type of modeling: reciprocal teaching:
the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses example: MLK "I have a dream"
anaphora
wise saying, usually short ex: if it isnt broke dont fix it
aphorism
hermaneutics
art of text interpretation
Anthropomorphism
attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object (Personification)
foil
character who acts in contrast to another character
paradox
contradictory statement that makes sense "man learns from history that man learns nothing from history"
an activity at the beginning of the lesson that is used to set the stage for learning, motivate students, and activate prior knowledge for example: a lesson on to kill a mockingbird might begin with primary source documents pf trials set during the civil rights movement.
creating an anticipatory set or set induction
.edu .com
educational purposes the site is linked to a for-profit use
phrase or statement written in memory of someone; especially on a tombstone
epitaph
historical fiction what is it? example
fiction that involves an event in history. Contains historical facts, events, or people, but is not true. three muscateers by dumas
synechdoche
figure of speech when part represents a whole "all hands on deck" Calling your car "set of wheels" is another common synedoche.
hubris
flaw that leads to the downfall of the character comes from greek hybris which means "excessive pride"
a narrative form, such as an epic, legend, myth, song, poem, or fable, that has been retold within a culture for generations
folktale
slapstick what is it examples
form of low comedy that includes exaggerated sometimes violent action. shakespeare's taming of the shrew, midsummer nights dream
style
how the author uses words, phrases, or sentences to form ideas
technical texts
includes charts graphs and forms and instructions
blooms taxonomy 2. comprehension
interpret, retell, organize, and select facts
haiku
japanese poem 17 syllables, 3 lines 5-7-5 syllables in each line expresses a single thought
blooms taxonomy parts 1 2 3 4 5 6
knowledge: remember, recognize; recall who what when where comprehension: interpret, retell, organize, and select facts application: subdivide information and show how it can be put back together; how this is an example of that analysis: what are the features of....? how does this compare with......? synthesis: create a unique product that combines ideas from the lesson. what would you infer from....? evaluation: make a value decision about an issue in the lesson. what criteria would you use to assess....?
humorous verse from 5 (3 long, 2 short) anapestic (unstressed,unstressed,stressed) lines with rhyme scheme AABBA Othello (By William Shakespeare)
limerick
realism
literature that tries to represent life as it really is
short poem about personal feelings and emotions
lyric
periodical
magazine or newpaper published at regular time intervals
World literature timeline: beginnings- ancient world literature 100 CE-1650: ___________________ 1650-1680 19th century 20th century
medieval and early modern world
these are methods of what? using concrete experience or object pretesting discussions anticipation guides
methods of activating prior knowledge" 1 2 3 4
myth
narrative fiction the usually involves gods and heroes or has a theme that expressed a cultures ideology examples: greek myths: zeus, achilles and the trojan war roman: hecules, apollo, venus
what movement? 1. jack london: the call of the wild 2. edith whartons: ethan frome
naturalism movement
archaic
old fashioned words no longer used in speech thou thy
rhetoric
persuasive writing
written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure
prose
dramatic irony
reader sees character's errors but the character does not
blooms taxonomy 1. knowledge
remember, recognize; recall who what when where
alliteration
repeating initial consonant sound "peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers"
slant rhyme sometimes called half rhyme, near rhyme or partial rhyme
rhyme in which the vowel sounds are nearly, but not exactly the same (i.e. the words "stress" and "kiss"); sometimes called half-rhyme, near rhyme, or partial rhyme
internal rhyme
rhyme that occurs within a line, rather than at the end ex: the raven by poe "while i nodded nearly napping suddenly there came a tapping,"
a novel comprised of idealized events far removed from everyday life. includes subgenres of gothic romance and midieval romance examples: bronte's jane eyre jane austens pride and prejudice nora roberts angels fall
romance subgenres: what is it? examples 1 2 3
gothic a subgenre of _________ (1800-1850.) Features authors such as 1 2 3 origin attributed to who? wrote what?
romanticism poe shelley hawthorne horace walpole who wrote the castle of ontranto
novella examples
short novel usually only 50-100 pages george orwell's animal farm kafka's the metamorphisis
static vs interactive sites
static sites seek to capture info and do not allow direct engagement with the audience interacitve sites: part of the web 2.0 group and include wikis and blogs and allow interaction among the writers and participants
trochaic
stressed, unstressed
trochee
stressed, unstressed
dactyl example
stressed, unstressed, unstressed ex: "out of the cradle endlessly rocking" walt whitman "OUT of the CRAdle ENDlessly ROCKing"
Comprehension Strategies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
ID important info predicting and verifying summarizing and note taking ID cause and effect making inferences synthesizing visualizing
blooms taxonomy 3. application
subdivide information and show how it can be put back together; how this is an example of that
AMERICAN LITERATURE 1945: Present contemporary period 1 2
the beat generation (1950s): american writers, nonconformity, use of drugs, rejected materialism; john kerouac, alan ginsberg confessional school (1950S); group of poets who wrote in the 1950s; palth, robert lowell, anne sexton
canto
the main divisions of a long poem
camera view pov
the narrator records the actions from his/her point of view, unaware of any of the other characters' thoughts or feelings
cadence
the natural, rhythmic rise and fall of a language as it is normally spoken
Intertextuality
the relationship between texts, especially literary ones.
refrain
the repetition of a line or phrase of a poem at regular intervals, particularly at the end of the stanza
irony
the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning
mood
tude in the work; the feeling the text evokes
blank verse is a _____________. often occurs in __________
unrhymed verse iambic pentameter
iambic
unstressed, stressed
anapestic meter is what? usually used when? ex
unstressed, unstressed,stressed usually used in light or whimsical poetry like a limerick ex: contradict
imagery
usage of words to create a picture
blooms taxonomy 4. analysis:
what are the features of....? how does this compare with......?
verbal irony
writer says one thing but means another
Literary theories 1. deconstruction/post structuralism 2. feminist 3.historical criticism/post colonial 4.marxist 5. modernism/postmodernism 6.narratology/archetypal 7. new criticism/structuralism- 8.psychoanalytic 9.reader-response
Literary theories: 1. believe we never know the true meaning of the text. believes that any text has more than one interpretation 2. just what it sounds like 3. time period and events are important to understand the text. Focus on the social economic political cultural and intellectual climate of the time. 4. society is viewed by social class and assumes each society's concepts beliefs, and values are affected by economic and class structure. examine who has the power the authors social class who has the money dominant issues of the time period 5. experiemental forms of literature are honored. chronological oorder and closed endings are rejected. look for a mic of genre and form to analyze why the author uses fragmentation 6. character types include the caregicer, trickster, hero/heroine, villain, orphan, jester, etc. ; her comes to rescue, hero is tested, villain defeated, hero returns 7. test writers love this. text is viewed as existing independently and a closed reading of the text reveals meaning. background knowledge and sources not used when interpreting the text. analyze words, figures of speech, symbols and structure 8. viewed as an expression of feelings thoughts and desires of the author 9. examines the reader's activity while examining the work.
interior monologue
Narrative technique that records a character's internal flow of thoughts, memories, or ideas
limited omniscient pov
Narrator shares the thoughts and feelings of one character
british literature timeline" 450-1066 _______________ 1066-1500: __________ notable authors - 1500-1660 _____________ (four other periods encompassed in this:) --1558 Elizabethan age (notable works: 1,2) --1603jacobean age (notable works 1,2,3) --1625 caroline age (notable works 1) --1649 commonwealth 1660-1785: __________ - 1785-1832:___________ - - - ~subgenre: ________ 1830-1901: _________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 1848-1860 __________ 1900-20th century - - -
OLD ENGLISH ANGLO SAXON MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD (chauncers canteburry tales) RENAISSANCE elizabethan: shakespeares: 12th night, spensers the fairie queen jacobean: the tempest, hamlet, macbeth caroline: milton's paradise lost RESTORATION AND THE 18TH CENTURY popes the rape of the lock ROMANTIC PERIOD keats jane austen shelley ~gothic~ subgenre VICTORIAN AGE -Tennyson -wilde's importance of being earnest -emily brontes wuthering heights -eliots the mill on the floss -jane eyre -elizabeth barrett browning PRE-RAPHAELITES -bekcets waiting for godot -orwells 1984 -woolfs mrs. dolloway
American Literature timeline: 1625-1660: _________ - 1630-1760: ___________ 1760-1787: ___________ - 1828-1836: _______ - - - 1830-1860: ______________ - - - (this encompassed 3 sub genres 1,2,3) 1900-1945 ________ - - (this encompassed 3 sub genres: 1,2,3) 1945-present: __________ - - - (this encompassed 2 subgenres 1,2)
PURITAN PERIOD -the scarlett letter COLONIAL PERIOD REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD -declaration of independence Thomas Jefferson NATIONALIST PERIOD -Cooper's Leather stocking tales (deerslayer, last of the mohicans, etc) -emerson's nature and self reliance -poe the ravem AMERICAN RENAISSANCE -dickeson -mellvilles moby dick -wjitmans o captain my captiain and leaves of grass -thoreaus walden (fireside poets, realism, transcedentalism) MODERN PERIOD -londons the call of the wild -frost -james' daisy miller (harlem renaissance, naturalism, surrealism) PRESENT CONTEMPORARY PERIOD -millers the crucible -salingers the catcher in the rye -palths bell jar (the beat generation, cofessional school)
A strategy that teaches students to break the text down into chunks and helps them become aware of the value of asking questions before (preview), during (while reading), and after reading. The strategy includes students asking the teacher questions and the teacher answering and then asking more thought provoking questions (higher order questions). Thus a conversation ensues that includes more than the information the text provided thereby simulating how to process information on a deep level when reading or studying independently.
ReQuest (Reciprocal Questioning)
consonance
Repetition of consonant sounds "stroke of luck"
assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds EX: white stripe
think aloud method of teaching
The process is simple: The teacher verbalizes what she is thinking as she reads or figures out a problem. In turn, students get a glimpse into the mind of a skilled reader or problem solver.
Metacognition: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. ask students what they do before during and after reading 2. teach students effective strategies to use before during and after reading in your content area 3. ask students to support their statement with evidence - ask why 4. encourage students to ask and create questions not just answer teacher questions 5. allow time to discuss not only course content but the thinking processes students are using 6. model your own metacognition using the think-aloud teaching method 7. explicitly ask students to reflect on and self assess their thinking
AMERICAN LITERATURE 1830-1860 American renaissance period subgenres: 1.explain and who 2.explain and who 3. explain and who
1. fireside poets: families would read them, students memorize: group from boston: Longfellow and wendell holmes 2. Realism (19th century): a style of writing that depicts life accurately without idealizing or romanticizing it. mark twain and stephen craine 3. transcendentalism (19th century): a movement in the romantic period that advanced that each individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition
AMERICAN LITERATURE 1900-1945: Modern Period 1 explain and who 2 explain and who 3 explain and who
1. harlem renaissance (1920s): cultural movement led by african americans; langston hughes, countee cullen 2. naturalism (early 20th century): aimed to portray life exactly as if it were through a scientists microscope; theodore dreiser, john steinbeck, john london 3. surrealism (1920s): started in europe, to replace conventional realism with full of expression of the conscious mind: ts elliot
sonnet
14 line poem, written in iambic pentameter with a varied rhyme scheme. shakespearean - includes 3 quatrains and a couplet
quatrain
4 line stanza
there are names for the line lengths in poems. _____ is generally the maximum
8; octameter
anecdote
A brief story that illustrates or makes a point family getting a dog example. they were unsure if they wanted a dog, but then the dad said, "I remember when we had a dog as a kid. It made my whole childhood better." The wife thought about his statement and then they got a dog. ---his statement is an anecdote---
epithet
A descriptive name or phrase used to characterize someone or something "father of psychology" "Death lies on her like an UNTIMELY FROST" Also, it is known as a "by-name," or "descriptive title."
conceit
A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.
Metonymy
A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it; when a word is substituted for another word that is closely associated with it "the Crown" for monarchy rule.
epic what is it? examples: 1 2 3 4
A long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds examples: the illiad, the odyssey by homer beowulf, fon juan by lord byron paradis lost by john milton the divine comedy-dante alghieri
soliloquy
A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage
frame tale what is it? examples: 1 2 3
A narrative technique in which the main story is composed primarily for the purpose of organizing a set of shorter stories, each of which is a story within a story. Examples include Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Ovid's Metamorphoses, and Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights.
Transcedentalism what is it? who was part of it?
A nineteenth-century movement in new england. they focused on protesting the puritan movement and materialism. valued individualism, freedom, and spirituality. emerson, thoreau, oliver wendell holmes
pastoral
A poem that depicts rural life in a peaceful, idealized way.
motif what is it? give an example
A recurring theme, subject or idea in a work example: accusations and confessions in the crucible by arthur miller
voice
A writers distinctive use of language
situational irony
An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected; the purpose differs greatly from the result
