Week 1: Introduction to Microbiology
Fungi
- A group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms - Very simple, plant-like structures that lack chlorophyll, and thus cannot carry on photosynthesis to produce their own food - Saprophytes - Examples: yeast, mold
Chlamydia
- Large group of microorganisms - Divide by binary fission - Obligate intracellular parasites
Prion
- Microscopic protein particles similar to viruses, but lacking nucleic acid -Able to transmit disease processes from one cell to another and/or from one animal to another -Still uncertainties as to its origin and pathogenicity -Considered slow-acting viruses, as they have a long growth period before symptoms appear -Thought to be responsible for fatal brain diseases like Mad Cow disease or, in humans, Creutzfeldt Jakob disease
Rickettsia
- Similar to bacteria - Divide by binary fission - Obligate intracellular parasites - Most often transmitted to man by insects, their natural and primary hosts
Virus
- Smallest infectious agents - Obligate intracellular organisms
Protozoa
- Unicellular animal organisms - One celled Eukaryotes - Several protozoa are pathogens and cause infections such as Malaria, Giardiasis, Amebic Dysentery and Toxoplasmosis
Mycoplasma
-A Genus of bacteria -Found in humans -Have no cell wall -Smaller than ordinary bacteria, about the size of large viruses -Do not respond to penicillin -Cause primary atypical pneumonia
Bacterium (singular)/ Bacteria (plural)
-Minute, unicellular organisms that do not usually contain chlorophyll and may be able to move about independently in the environment -Prokaryotic -May exist as free living organisms OR as parasites -Multiply by binary fission or simple transverse division, an asexual process -Ubiquitous, meaning they are everywhere. Found within and on our bodies; in the food we eat, water we drink, air we breathe, and environment around us. There are 200 million in a pinch of dirt! 2 types - good and bad. There are thousands of species of bacteria, but only about 100 are disease-causing. Pathogenic & non-pathogenic.
nanometer
10-10 of a meter.
micrometer
10-6 of a meter.
False
All bacteria contain an organized nucleus. (T/F)
Prokaryotic
Bacteria are considered to be:
pathogenic
Bacteria that cause disease
non-pathogenic
Bacteria that do not cause disease
TRUE
Each organism is given a two-part name, similar to our surname (family name) and each person's own name. (t/f)
Genus (singular) Genera (plural)
First word of the name Capitalized, italicized or underlined
genus
In the name Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the first name is the:
unicellular
Living organisms that are composed of a single cell are said to be:
True
Microbiologists also use common names (T/F)
micrometers or nanometers
Microorganisms are measured in units known as __________________ or ________________
Pathogens
Microorganisms that cause disease are called:
True
Molds and yeasts are forms of eukaryotes. (T/F)
Prokaryotic
Most organisms we study will be ___________
Example of two-part name
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Genus = Mycobacterium, species = tuberculosis)
normal flora
Organisms that help keep us healthy. They live within our body and we need them to live happily, but most importantly, healthy. Humans need them to live, for they help us digest food and make possible the normal development of our immune system, which thereby protects us from infection.
Mycoplasma
Penicillin is ineffective against these organisms. they are smaller than ordinary bacteria and about the size of large viruses.
False
Protozoa are morphologically unicellular organisms and are considered the lowest form of plant (T/F)
species
Second word of the name Not capitalicized, italicized or underlined
Biology
The science of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin,evolution, and distribution is called:
Microbiology
The science of unicellular organisms that can only be seen with the aid of a microscope is called:
Mycology
The study of fungi is called:
Bacteriology
The study of minute unicellular organisms that resemble plants but contain no chlorophyll is called:
Parasitology
The study of organisms that are dependent upon living things for their sustenance is called:
Rickettsia
These organisms are transmitted to man by insects who are the natural and primary host.
True
Thousands of Bacteria, which are not the smallest of microbes, can occupy the head of a single pin. (T/F)
Prion
Which term best represents microscopic protein particles that are similar to a virus and called slow acting?
Chlamydia
Which term best represents obligate intracellular parasites that divide by binary fission?
Fungi
Which term best represents plant-like structures that lack chlorophyll and cannot carry on photosynthesis or produce their own food?
Virus
Which term best represents the smallest infectious agent. These are obligate intracellular organisms that reproduce by replication in the host?
Fungi
Yeasts and molds are examples of these organisms:
Microbiology
a branch of Biology that deals with microbes
PROKARYOTIC
bacteria
Microbe
can also be called a microorganism.
Microorganisms
exist in almost every environment on earth and maybe beyond this planet. They were most likely the first forms of life and will probably be the last.
EUKARYOTIC
expected number of chromosomes, humans (23 pairs)
EUKARYOTIC
fungi, plants, animals
Microbes
include viruses, bacteria, parasites, and more.
Kingdom Protozoa
includes all microorganisms, usually unicellular, but some multicellular (those that do not form cells into tissues for any specific function).
bacteria
minute unicellular organisms that resemble plants, but do not contain chlorophyll.
rickettsia
obligate intracellular organisms
Saprophytes
obtain nourishment from dead, decaying organic material
animal & plant
other 2 kingdoms
myco
prefix meaning fungi
PROKARYOTIC
primitive, not defined nucleus
PROKARYOTIC
single chromosome
Parasitology
studies organisms that are dependent on living things for their sustenance.
Pathogenicity
the ability of a microorganism to cause disease.
Biology
the science of life and of living organisms, including their: - Structure - Function - Growth - Origin - Evolution - Distribution It includes Botany and Zoology and all of their subdivisions.
viruses
the smallest known organisms (they are submicroscopic)
Bacteriology
the study of bacteria
Mycology
the study of fungi
Protozoology
the study of protozoa
Rickettsiology
the study of rickettsia
Virology
the study of viruses
Obligate intracellular parasites
they must live within and control the cell to exist
Obligate intracellular organisms
they reproduce only by replication in the host, cannot carry on independent metabolism
Microbes
unicellular (one-celled) organisms that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope. can also be called a microorganism.
fungi
unicellular and multicellular organisms
protozoa
unicellular animal organisms. These make bacteria look small.
EUKARYOTIC
well defined, true nucleus
