week 5 Genetics 301

chain termination occurs when a dideoxyribonucleotide is incorporated into a growing DNA strand because there is no

3'-OH

in gene cloning, what is the vector

A small DNA molecule that can replicate independently within a host cell

which component in the CRISPR-Cas9 system makes a double-strand break in DNA

Cas9

in PCR, the two primers bind to specific sites in what and flank the gene to be amplified

DNA

DNA sequencing enables researchers to determine the order of what in a gene

DNA nucleotides

a researcher may use restriction enzymes to digest the DNA of an organism. the fragments of DNA are then ligated individually into many vectors. this collection of recombinant vectors is called a

DNA or genomic library

this technique enables researchers to determine the DNA bases in genes and other chromosomal regions

DNA sequencing

polymerase chain reaction was developed by

Kary Mullis

an early method of DNA sequencing that involved the base-specific chemical cleavage of DNA was develo9ped by

Maxam and Gilbert

Short oligonucleotides that flank the region of DNA to be amplified by PCR are called

PCR primers

chromosomal DNA is a common source of cloned DNA

True

after digesting all the chromosomal DNA of an organism with restriction enzymes and recombining the DNA into vectors, the collection of recombinant vectors resulting is called a _

_DNA/genomic library

you wish to determine if a protein is made at a particular stage of development. which technique would you use _

_western blotting

a recombinant DNA molecule has covalently linked DNA fragment from

at least two different sources

X-Gal is a colorless compound that is converted by beta-galactosidase to a dye with what color

blue

if a dideoxyribonucleotide is incorporated into the growing strand of DNA during dideoxy sequencing, the strand can no longer grow as there is no 3'-OH group. this is called

chain termination

a particular gene to be cloned is often isolated from

chromosomal DNA

you would ______ a gene to make many copies of that gene

clone or amplify

one common use of gene cloning

cloned genes can be expressed to discover their cellular function

one more common use of gene cloning

cloned genes can be introduced into bacteria to make medicines

the other common use of gene cloning

cloned genes can be used in trails of gene therapy

making many copies of a particular DNA segment using vectors or the polymerase chain reaction is called gene

cloning

in PCR, primer extension refers to the synthesis of what starting at the primers

complementary DNA

when the CRISPR-Cas system is used for gene mutagenesis, which two components are combined in the sgRNA

crRNA and tracrRNA

restriction endonucleases are used in gene cloning to

cut the DNA backbone prior to inserting the DNA to be cloned

when using PCR to amplify DNA, short oligonucleotides called primers

flank the region of DNA to be amplified

the replication of recombinant DNA molecules inside a host cell is one form of

gene cloning

is a pharmaceutical product that is produced by bacteria expressing the human gene

insulin

what does the enzyme DNA ligase do

it covalently links the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA

when cloning a gene into a vector, the sugar-phosphate backbone of each DNA molecule is covalently linked by the enzyme DNA

ligase

in PCR, the temperature must be what from the denaturation temperature in order for primers to anneal

lowered

this technique is used to identify a specific RNA molecule within a mixture of RNA molecules

northern blotting

in 1985, Kary Mullis developed a way to copy DNA without vectors or host cells. this technique is called

polymerase chain reaction

during PCR the process of what results when the Taq polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of complementary DNA starting at the primers

primer extension

short oligonucleotides that flank the region of DNA to be amplified by PCR are called

primers

the natural function of the CRISPR-Cas system in bacteria is to what

provide defense against bacteriophages

what PCR allows one to assess the amount of DNA produced during a PCR amplification as it is happening

real time

what is the technique that allows one to determine the amount of template DNA present when the PCR cycles began

real-time PCR

a molecule that has covalently linked DNA fragments from at least two source is called a

recombined DNA molecule

enzymes that bind to a specific DNA sequence and cut the DNA backbone are called

restriction endonucleases (or restriction enzymes)

the enzyme that uses RNA as a template to make a complementary strand of DNA is called *

reverse transcriptase

you have a piece of RNA, and you want to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA. which enzyme would you use?

reverse transcriptase

primer annealing occurs when

short oligonucleotides bind to the DNA flanking the gene of interest

When the CRISPR-Cas system is used for gene mutagenesis, tracrRNA and crRNA are linked together in a molecule called the

single guide RNA (sgRNA)

the Maxam and Gilbert method of DNA sequencing used chemicals that cleaved the DNA at

specific bases

in PCR, the DNA to be amplified is called the

template DNA

in PCR, the template DNA is _______

the DNA to be amplified

in PCR, why do the primers bind to specific sites in the DNA on either side of the gene of interest

they are complementary to the flanking sequences

what is the purpose of Northern blotting

to identify a specific RNA molecule within a mixture of RNA molecules

what is the purpose of gene cloning

to produce many copies of a DNA molecule of interest

a small DNA molecule that can replicate independently within a host cell and thus make many copies of an inserted gene is called

vector or plasmid

which technique is used to identify a particular protein in a mixture of proteins

western blotting

when using X-Gal and IPTG to differentiate recombinant from non-recombinant vectors, bacteria carrying recombinant vectors are what in color

white