Week 6 Edapts: Concepts | The Endocrine System- Part I

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Correctly label the following gross anatomy of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. Not all answer options will be used.​

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Match the letters in the picture

A: Peptide hormone B: Steroid hormone C: Gene transcription D: Membrane enzyme E: Protein synthesis

Match the hormone abbreviations with their function.​ ADH TRH LH PRL ACTH

ADH- Stimulates water retention ​ TRH- Stimulates production of TSH and PRL​ LH- Stimulates ovulation​ PRL- Stimulates milk synthesis​ ACTH- stimulates secretion of adrenal hormones​

In each scenario, identify if the initiation of hormone secretion is due to neural, hormonal, or humoral stimulation. As calcium levels begin to fall in blood, the parathyroid gland will secrete parathyroid hormone. When a patient is exposed to a major stressor, it triggers the brain to send sympathetic innervation towards the adrenal glands, leading to the secretion of adrenaline. . Corticotropin release from the hypothalamus will lead to the secretion of ACTH

As calcium levels begin to fall in blood, the parathyroid gland will secrete parathyroid hormone. - Humoral stimulation​ When a patient is exposed to a major stressor, it triggers the brain to send sympathetic innervation towards the adrenal glands, leading to the secretion of adrenaline. - Neural stimulation​ Corticotropin release from the hypothalamus will lead to the secretion of ACTH. - Hormonal stimulation​

Select all the following body systems that have mechanisms of regulation for most body systems.​

Endocrine Nervous

Indicate if each description belongs to endocrine or exocrine glands. Endocrine Exocrine Glands exhibit a high density of capillaries​ Secretions are released via ducts onto epithelial tissues Secretions are distributed through the bloodstream Secretions serve to lubricate mucosal membranes Secretions serve as a form of cell-to-cell communication Secretions might contain metabolic waste Secretions belong to three chemical categories - steroids monoamines and peptides Secretions may hase antimicrobial properties

Endocrine Secretions are distributed through the bloodstream Secretions serve as a form of cell-to-cell communication Secretions belong to three chemical categories - steroids monoamines and peptides Glands exhibit a high density of capillaries Exocrine Secretions are released via ducts onto epithelial tissues Secretions serve to lubricate mucosal membranes Secretions might contain metabolic waste Secretions may hase antimicrobial properties

Classify the following as characteristics of the endocrine system or nervous system.​ Endocrine System​ Nervous System​ Adapts relatively slowly​ Communicates by means of hormones ​ Communicates by means of electrical impulses​ Reacts more slowly to stimuli ​ May continue responding long after stimulus stops ​ Adapts relatively quickly to continual stimulation​

Endocrine System​ Communicates by means of hormones ​ Reacts more slowly to stimuli ​ May continue responding long after stimulus stops ​ Adapts relatively slowly​ ​ Nervous System​ Communicates by means of electrical impulses​ Adapts relatively quickly to continual stimulation​

Drag and drop the hormone to its appropriate stimulus.​ Low blood pressure​ Sexual maturation​ Stretching of the cervix​ Tissue damage​ Corticotropic releasing hormone​

Low blood pressure​ - ADH​ Sexual maturation​ - FSH/LH​ Stretching of the cervix​ - Oxytocin​ Tissue damage​ - GHRH​ Corticotropic releasing hormone​ - ACTH​

As glucose levels of blood rise, insulin secretions increase, leading to a decrease in glucose levels. This is an example of ____________ feedback.​

Negative

Peptides and catecholamines are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate a target cell. Where are the receptors for these hormones?​

On the cell surface​

Which of the following is considered a secondary endocrine structure?​

Pancreas

Match the description to the correct hormone

Steroid Hormones: Derived from cholesterol. Monoamine Hormones: Derived from amino acids that retain their amine group. Peptide Hormones: Consist of chains of 2-200 amino acids.​

Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify which chemical classification it describes.​

Steroid:Require a transport protein HydrophobicPass directly through the plasma membraneBind to receptors in the cell's nucleusElicit response over several hours to days Peptide:Hydrophilic Bind to membrane bound receptorsRequire second messenger systems Utilize cAMP DAG, or IP3 systemsElicit responses almost immediately

Complete the following sentences with the correct term.​ The produces 6 hormones that are responsible for the control of several endocrine organs.​ ​The is a region in the brain that detects changes in homeostasis and will secrete hormones.​ The will not produce any hormones, but rather is responsible for the secretion of hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

The anterior pituitary gland produces 6 hormones that are responsible for the control of several endocrine organs.​ ​The hypothalamus is a regulatory structure that detects changes in homeostasis and will secrete tropic hormones.​ ​The posterior pituitary gland will not produce any hormones, but rather is responsible for the secretion of hormones produced by the hypothalamus.​

Which of the following statements are true? Check all that apply.​

The anterior pituitary gland receives tropic signals from the hypothalamus in order to produce and secrete hormones that are responsible for regulating other hormones. The posterior pituitary does not produce its own hormones, but rather receives hormones from the hypothalamus to eventually release.​

Indicate if the following functions are regulated by the endocrine system or by other systems. Regulated by endocrine system Regulated by other systems Sleep Stress Growth Metablolism Olfaction Mood Reproduction Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Tissue Function

The endocrine system will regulate the majority of biological function with the aid of the nervous system. However, the nervous system will be solely responsible for processing of the somatic and special senses.​

Match the tropic hormone to its function.​ Inhibits growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone.​ Stimulates the release of prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Inhibits prolactin.​ Stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone.​

Tropic hormones are responsible for either releasing on inhibiting hormonal secretions from other regions. Though many of these hormones have releasing or inhibiting within their names, some such as somatostatin and dopamine require additional memorization.​

With a basic understanding of the hormones of the pituitary gland, match each of the following hormones to the biological process they would be most associated with.​ Mitosis of cells Blood pressure ovulation (female); promotes production of testosterone (male) Childbirth

When learning the hormones, it is best to know how each hormone will influence the major biological processes. Growth hormone aids in all growth processes including mitosis. Antidiueretic hormone aids in water retention, leading to an increase in blood pressure. Oxytocin is well known for acting to stimulate contractions during childbirth. Finally, the development of the reproductive system will require the gonadotrophs luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.​

all options will be used.​ Production of sex cells Follicle Stimulating Hormone​ Activation of the thyroid gland Thyroid Stimulating Hormone​ Activation of the adrenal cortex Adrenocorticotropic Hormone​ Production of breast milk Prolactin​

answers in the question

Which glands secrete their product by way of a duct directly onto an epithelial surface?​

exocrine​

Select all of the following molecules that are capable of penetrating the plasma membrane of cells.

gases lipids hydrophobic molecules​

Which of the following organs is considered the master regulator of homeostasis?​

hypothalamus

A hormone is a ____________ and the target cells is _________.​

molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones.

Target organs regulate the pituitary through feedback loops. Most often, this is in the form of ______________.

negative feedback​

Steroid hormones bind to ___________ of the target cell

protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus​


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