Week 7: Glucose Regulation

"Do not ingest anything before your test."

When teaching a client with type 2 diabetes, which statement by the nurse reflects accurate information about preparing for a serum glucose test?

200 to 250 mg/dl

Which blood glucose level indicates hyperglycemia?

Give supplemental doses of regular insulin.

Which intervention would the nurse implement for a client who has type 1 diabetes and has an elevated blood glucose?

Seizures

Which manifestation might the nurse suspect in a patient with diabetes whose serum osmolality is increased and blood glucose level is 610 mg/dL?

-Isoniazid -Clozapine -Rifampicin

Which medications may induce diabetes?

-A person with hypertension -A person who is physically inactive -A person with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Which persons are the most suited for diabetes screening?

Native Americans

Which population experiences the most disparity related to the amount of complications from diabetes?

Microaneurysm

Which process is related to nonproliferative retinopathy?

Adipose tissue

Which tissue has specific receptors for insulin and is considered an insulin-dependent tissue?

Miglitol

Which medication is categorized as a starch blocker?

Fruity odor to the breath

A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition. Which Nursing assessment finding would indicate that the client has hyperglycemia?

"Exercise improves the cellular uptake of glucose."

A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks why it is necessary to exercise on a regular basis. Which response is accurate?

-Continue to take the oral medication -Drink fluids though the day -Monitor capillary glucose levels

A client who is taking an oral hypoglycemic daily for type 2 diabetes develops an infection with anorexia. Which advise will the nurse provide to the client?

Hypoglycemia

A client with diabetes presents to the emergency department with a 3-hour history of profound weakness and nervousness. According to the spouse, the client became confused shortly after self-administering the morning dose of 10 units of regular insulin and 25 units of NPH insulin. The client had a light breakfast and no additional intake since that time. Which condition would the nurse identify as the likely cause of the clients signs and symptoms?

"Do not take an extra pill because you may become hypoglycemic when exercising."

A client with type 2 diabetes takes one glyburide daily. The client asks whether an extra tablet should be taken before exercise?

"If I skip breakfast, I can hold my insulin until noon."

The nurse provides education to a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which statement made by the patient indicates a need for further instruction?

"With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased, and insulin resistance is increased."

A patient admitted with type 2 diabetes asks the nurse what "type 2" means. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

"Were you more active than usual yesterday?"

A patient calls the health care providers office at 8:00 AM and states, "I just experienced an episode of low blood sugar, which responded to oral glucose tablets." To help identify the cause of the low blood sugar, an appropriate question the nurse should ask is?

"If I become ill, I will need to check my blood sugar more frequently."

A patient who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus completed a teaching session about disease management. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

"I will need to be medicated with insulin for the rest of my life."

After a teaching session with the registered nurse, the newly diagnosed patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is correct when he or she makes which statement?

"Extra snacks are needed before exercise."

An adolescent who has just been found to have type 1 diabetes asks the nurse about exercise. Which is the correct response by the nurse?

24th and 28th weeks

Between which weeks of gestation would a client with type 1 diabetes expect to increase her insulin dosage?

Glycosylated hemoglobin

To determine how well a patients diabetes mellitus has been controlled over the past two to three months, what assessment parameter should the nurse review?

-Elevated blood pressure (BP) -Decreased levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL)

Patients with metabolic syndrome have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Which of these components may result in metabolic syndrome?

Thiazolidinediones

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) who has developed insulin resistance. Which class of glucose lowering agents can reduce insulin resistance?

Excessive thirst

The nurse is evaluating a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which symptom reported by the patient is considered one of the classic clinical manifestations of diabetes?

-Examine the feet daily -Wear well fitted shoes -Performing regular exercise

The nurse is formulating a teaching plan for a client recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which interventions would the nurse include to decrease the risk of complications?

Loosening the abdominal muscles during voiding

The nurse is instructing a diabetic patient who has infrequent voiding, difficulty voiding, and weak stream of urine. Which action indicates the need for further teaching?

-Wear shoes and socks -Walk regularly and exercise -Protect the feet from extreme cold and hot

What instructions should the nurse give the patient with diabetes and numbness in the feet when teaching about diabetic foot care?

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells

What is the pathophysiologic cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Absent or minimal insulin production

What is the primary defect factor associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Pioglitazone

A patient with a history of type 2 diabetes is diagnosed with heart failure. Which medication would be a poor choice for controlling the patients diabetes?

By performing mild massage downward over the lower abdomen and bladder

A patient with diabetes mellitus has a neurogenic bladder leading to urinary retention. How is the Credé maneuver performed to help the patient completely empty the bladder?

"When was the last time you took your metformin?"

A patient with type 2 diabetes who takes metformin daily to manage blood sugar is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which question by the nurse is most important to ask the patient when preparing for the procedure?

"The body produces autoantibodies that destroy beta cells in the pancreas."

A patient, admitted with type 1 diabetes, asks the nurse what "type 1" means. What is the nurse's best response?

Hypoglycemia

Which finding is indicative of hypothermia in a newborn?

-Confusion -Drowsiness -Diaphoresis -Nervousness -Heart rate 110 beats/min

Which finding would lead the nurse to recheck the blood glucose level of a diabetic client before administering a mealtime insulin dose?

A breakdown of fat stores for energy

Which information would the nurse include in a teaching plan about what causes diabetic acidosis?

-Polyuria -Polydipsia -Respiratory rate breaths/min

Which responses indicate that the client receiving total parenteral nutrition is experiencing hyperglycemia?

Hypoglycemic reaction

A client with type 1 diabetes receives 30 units of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin at 7:00 AM. At 3:30 PM, the client becomes diaphoretic, weak, and pale. With which condition would the nurse determine that these physiological responses are associated?