Week 7 pathophysiology hoang
In the United States, nearly _____people have diabetes mellitus.
29.1 million
What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?
Blood and mucus in the stooI
What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?
Bloody stools
Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ____rate.
Mortality
Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?
No change in serum glucocorticoid level
Crohn disease is associated with what complications? (Select all that apply.)
Perianal fissures Fistulae Abscesses
Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________hypertension.
Portal
Diabetes mellitus is the ____leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.
Seventh
_______disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.
Wilson
Chronic cholecystitis can lead to (Select all that apply.)
a. biliary sepsis. b. calcified gallbladder. c. porcelain gallbladder.
What is a pathophysiologic mechanism involved in the development of diarrhea? (Select all that apply.)
aOsmotic diarrhea Secretory diarrhea Exudative diarrhea Motility disturbances
An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and
absent bowel sounds.
The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is
adhesions.
Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of
alcohol-induced injury.
More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with
alcoholism.
Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ______in the circulation.
angiotensin II
Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of
appendicitis
It is true that Graves disease is
associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from
d. blocked cortisol production.
Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to
decrease hydrochloric acid (HCI) secretion.
Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from
decreased myoinositol transport.
Chronic pancreatitis may lead to
diabetes mellitus.
Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected
enterocolitis.
disorder of the esophageal smooth muscle function where dysphagia is a symptom (Select all that apply.)
esophageal stricture. achalasia. esophageal tumors.
silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates
functional bowel obstruction.
Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to _______of the gallbladder wall.
gangrene
Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after ____procedures.
gastric bypass
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
gastric ulcer.
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is
gastroesophageal varices.
22. A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as
goiter.
The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ___and ineffective erythropoiesis.
hemolysis
Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is
hepatitis
An increased urine bilirubin is associated with
hepatitis.
Patients who may be at risk for development of cholesterol gallstones include (Select all that apply.)
high spinal cord injuries. patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. patients with rapid weight loss. pregnant women.
The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is
hyperglycemia.
A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to
hypocalcemia.
A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is
hypoglycemia.
A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is
hypokalemia.
A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is
hyponatremia.
27. A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of
hypoparathyroidism.
Surgical removal of a gland may result in
hyposecretion.
Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with
hypothyroidism.
Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with
increased blood ammonia levels.
Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in
increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.
Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by
increasing fiber in the diet.
The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis
indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock.
Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with
inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods.
Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it
inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis.
The formation of active vitamin D
is impaired in renal failure.
Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called
kernicterus.
Jaundice is a common manifestation of
liver disease.
patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) diet.
low-protein and high-fiber
It is true that gallstones are
more common in women.
Premature infants are at greater risk for developing
necrotizing enterocolitis.
Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to
need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with
nonketotic hyperosmolality.
Growth hormone-deficient infants would display
normal birth length and weight.
patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of
octreotide acetate.
Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by
osteoblasts.
The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is
pain control.
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is
pancreatic B-cell destruction.
Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of
pancreatitis.
A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is
pheochromocytoma.
Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to
portal hypertension.
Barrett esophagus is a
preneoplastic lesion.
7. A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is
regular.
Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to
remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion.
Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
result from decreased serum ionized calcium.
Diabetes insipidus is a condition that
results from inadequate ADH secretion.
is true that growth hormone excess in adults
results in the condition of acromegaly
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for
sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
pain associated chronic pancreatitis is generally described as
steady and boring
A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of
stomatitis.
It is true that biliary cancer
tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously.
Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include
tremor.
clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is
tremors.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases
water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney.
Normal bile is composed of
water, electrolytes, and organic solutes.
1What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia?
Chest pain during meals
Which digestive enzyme is secreted from the intestinal mucosa during a meal? (Select all that apply.)
Cholecystokinin Secretin
A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of
Graves disease.
Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
Heartburn
A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for
Helicobacter pylori.
What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?
Hepatitis B
It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones
Is inhibited by iodine deficiency.
15. What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?
More prone to hypotension
The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is
cholecystectomy.
Most gallstones are composed of
cholesterol.
viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSA9) should be interpreted as ____hepatitis B.
Acute
A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?
Alkaline phosphatase
Which are major classifications of deficiencies in growth hormone secretion? (Select all that apply.)
Decreased GH secretion Defective GH action Defective IGF-1 generation
What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?
Elevated ferritin
18. Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of _____in the liver cells.
Fat
What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbAlc)
A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is
being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids.
Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to
blood or semen.
Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with
bloody diarrhea.
An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat
cerebral edema.
An early indicator of colon cancer is
change in bowel habits.