Week 8:, Week 6 + Week 7:

Which of the following are evidence that was used to construct the modern theory of Plate Tectonics?

- Large deep ocean features like trenches and mid ocean ridges - Earthquakes lined up with certain features - Paleomagnetism

What are the components of soil?

- Organisms - Organic matter - Water - Minerals - Air

What are major factors that control how a soil forms?

- Parent materials - Relief - Time - Climate - Organisms

What features are found at rift zones?

- Unusual volcanism - Faults at 120 angles

Which of the following are evidence for subduction?

- Volcanic era - Forearc basin - Backarc basun - Trench - Descending and large earthquakes

What type of plate boundary does Mount St. Helens occur at?

Convergent (ocean-continent subduction)

Explosive silica-rich volcanoes will be located mostly at ______.

Convergent plate boundaries with subduction zones

How is magma generated at divergent boundaries?

Decreased pressure

What type of plate boundary does the axial seamount occur at?

Divergent

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents (black smokers) are located at what plate boundary?

Divergent boundaries of the mid-ocean ridge

Why do continental plates not subduct?

Too low density to subduct

What makes transform boundaries different from other boundaries?

Transform has fewer volcanoes

How do we find the location of an earthquake?

Triangulation

At which plate boundary types do volcanoes form?

- Divergent - Convergent (ocean-ocean subduction) - Convergent (ocean-continent subduction)

How are volcanic eruptions predicted?

- Earthquakes are monitored - Gases are monitored - Uplift and tilt of the ground surface is monitored

Which of the following are evidence that Wegener used to construct the hypothesis of Continental Drift?

- Glacial evidence in the geological record - Matching fossils across the ocean

Which is true of compacted soils?

- Have fewer nutrients - Less structure - Increase erosion - Increase runoff

Which of the following hazards occurred with the Mount St. Helens eruption?

- Landslide - Lava - Pyroclastic flow - Lahar - Ash

As subduction occurs, what feature will eventually form next?

Supercontinent

Which seismic wave type is most damaging?

Surface

Which three critical functions that soil preforms are important specifically to agriculture?

1. Provides habitat for organisms and micro-organisms 2. Anchors plants 3. Produces and recycles nutrients

An increase of one on the Richter scale is equivalent to an increase of _____ in energy released.

32x

The best farmland is made of ________

Granular soils with loamy texture

What is true of tilled soils?

Is poorer in organics and increases runoff

Which of the following hazards occurred with the Axial Seamount eruption?

Lava

What are the two ways transform faults move?

Left and right

Which of the following is NOT true of soil structure?

Once peds form, their structure is not affected by climate changes

Which seismic wave is fastest?

P

What happens to soil that has been compacted?

Pore spaces decrease and structure is destroyed

A __________ is a volcanic hazard arising from a collapsing eruption column that runs downhill at high speeds (>100 mph). These are associated with explosive eruptions and a mix of lava, lapilli, pumice, ash, and hot gases.

Pyroclastic flow

Particle sizes that give soil texture are _________

Sand, slit, and clay

The largest type of volcano is called a _______ volcano and is characterized by broad, low-angle flanks, a small vent or groups of vents at the top, and basaltic magma.

Shield volcano

The least explosive volcano with the lowest silica content is a ______.

Shield volcano

Which type of volcano is the Axial Seamount?

Shield volcano

A _______ volcano has steep flanks, symmetrical cone shapes, distinct craters, and a silica-rich magma that results in an explosive eruption style.

Stratovolcano

Which type of volcano is Mount St. Helens?

Stratovolcano

As you move away from the mid-ocean ridge _________

The crust gets older

The main agent of erosion is _______

Water

What does elastic rebound theory explain?

Why seismic waves are released when a fault slips

Which is true of soil development?

Will occur where there is low relief and high precipitation

A caldera is a _____________.

large, steep-walled depression caused by the collapse of a magma chamber