Week4 Module 4 Chapter 17

Logicians note that there are about Blank______ types of fallacies.

125

For what two reasons can attaining credibility be complex for speakers?

A speaker may have more credibility on one topic than on another. Credibility exists in the mind of the audience.

Pathos was the name used by Aristotle to refer to a or an

Evidence

Blank consists of supporting materials, including examples, statistics, and testimony, that are used in speeches to prove or disprove something.

Evidence or specific evidence

True or false: Effective persuasion rarely requires emotional appeal.

False

What is true about a speaker who uses reasoning when making a persuasive speech?

The audience needs to understand how the speaker drew their conclusion.

True or false: Cassidy is engaged in ethical speaking when she gives statistics about the poverty level in her city and follows them up with stories about homeless, hungry children.

True

In what three ways can speakers successfully incorporate evidence into their speeches?

anticipate the audience's questions and objections imagine what the audience might be thinking give evidence to answer the audience's questions and to resolve their objections

"Where will the refugees who are fleeing war-torn countries go, if not here? Other countries are shutting their doors, but our country is better than the rest. We should open our hearts and homes to them." This statement is appealing to which two emotions?

compassion pride

Jayde is giving a speech that focuses on the lack of parking on her college campus. Many students live in off-campus housing, but there is minimal public transportation available in the city where the college is located. She proposes implementing a campus shuttle program, with shuttles regularly running between campus and several key locations throughout the city. Although Jayde is not an expert on anything related to transportation, she delivers a polished, well-thought out speech and uses credible evidence to support her ideas, including reports detailing how similar shuttle plans worked for other colleges. What type of credibility does Jayde have during her speech?

derived credibility

Chris is about to give a speech on social media marketing to a room of professional marketers. What are three ways he can enhance his credibility?

describe his background and experience as it pertains to social media marketing speak passionately and from the heart highlight the marketing challenges that he and the audience share when doing their jobs

Josh is giving a speech on the importance of eating healthy. During a particularly charged moment, he declares, "If you don't eat a low-fat, low-sugar, high-fiber, high-protein diet, you're going to have health issues when you get older!" What fallacy has Josh included in his speech?

either-or fallacy

What term refers to the supporting material that proves or disproves something?

evidence

What is most acceptable form of evidence to use?

evidence that is concrete and quantifiable

What are three ways of enhancing your credibility as a speaker?

explaining your competence establishing common ground with the audience speaking with genuine conviction

What term describes an error in reasoning?

fallacy

What describes the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence?

reasoning

If you were seeking to persuade an audience to volunteer for a project, what are three effective ways to establish your credibility?

talking about your personal experience volunteering for the project demonstrating your sincerity through the delivery of your speech sharing that you care about the audience members

What three types of evidence can be used in a persuasive speech?

testimony statistics examples

When giving a speech about a topic over which people have various opinions, what should the speaker expect?

that the audience will question certain points and want evidence to back them up

When giving a persuasive speech, speakers appeal to emotions for what two reasons?

to grab the attention of listeners to influence listeners

What is an example of an unethical emotional appeal?

to urge people to attend a racist rally