western civ midterm - ancient greece and rome
The Western Roman Empire fell in __________ CE.
476
What is the basic plot of The Aeneid?
A hero escapes from the city of Troy to found Rome.
A plebeian was:
A member of the class of farmers, merchants, and artisans who made up most of the population of Rome
Bridge-like stone structure built by the Romans that carried water from the hills to the cities:
Aqueduct
The Romans used their engineering skills to build:
Aqueducts that carried water into cities
To join the early Christian community, a person had to:
Be baptized, or blessed with water
In the Punic Wars, Rome gained control of lands around the Mediterranean Sea by defeating the:
Carthaginians
There were basically three classes in medieval society, in this order:
Clergy - Nobility -Everybody else
In the early Roman Republic, two _____________ were elected to lead the Senate.
Consuls
After the greco- Persian Wars, Athens emerged as the main power in Greece. What was one of the steps it took to consolidate that power?
Created the Delian League
In Ancient Rome, a __________could be elected/chosen for a term of six months, at the end of which the power would be returned to the Senate.
Dictator
One of the major tools Church officials had to rule over Europeans during the Early Middle Ages:
Excommunication
The Peloponnesian League was formed in oposition to the highly militaristic culture of Sparta.
False
The roots of Democracy can be traced back to the city of Sparta, where the people participated directly in government by casting votes and deciding on major issues that affected the city.
False
The western Roman Empire, where Rome was located, was the richest and most stable region of the Roman Empire.
False
A loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords:
Feudalism
The main factors that influenced the development of Greek city-states were:
Geography, the sea, and warfare
Civilization resulting from the blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman traditions; it was spread through conquest and travels during the Pax Romana.
Greco-Roman Civilization
The ancient Romans developed their religious beliefs from:
Greek religion
The ancient Romans developed their religious beliefs mostly from:
Greek religion
What important change did the Roman emperor Constantine make in 313 CE?
He granted religious toleration to Christians
What important change did the Roman Emperor Constantine The Great make in 313 CE?
He granted religious toleration to Christians.
The regions conquered by Alexander the Great were called the:
Hellenistic World
He was called the "Father of History":
Herodotus
Which of the following statements is true about Jesus of Nazareth?
His teachings were rooted in Judaism.
Which of the following statements is true about Jesus of Nazareth? ❏ He encouraged Jews to reject Roman rule and rebel against Rome. ❏ He preached a return to Greek philosophy, especially Plato. ❏ His teachings were rooted in Judaism. ❏ His teachings were based on the ideas of Roman philosophers and writers, such as Tacitus.
His teachings were rooted in Judaism.
Ammianus Marcellinus blames this savage Asian tribe as one of the reasons for the demise of the Romans:
Huns
This important individual was burned alive and then later made a Catholic saint:
Joan of Arc
Huge farming estates bought up by wealthy families:
Latifundia
The Pax Romana is considered by some to have ended in 180 CE with the death of this emperor:
Marcus Aurelius
The Pax Romana is considered by some to have ended in 180 CE with the death of this man who reigned after Lucius Verus and before Commodus:
Marcus Aurelius
A term used to refer to the culture of the Middle Ages.
Medieval
The decline and fall of the Roman Empire was due to the following factors:
Military Political Social Economic
The decline and fall of the Roman Empire was due to:
Military factors Political factors Social factors Economic factors
The Greeks changed their type of government, moving from:
Monarchy to Aristocracy to Oligarchy
They took vows of obedience, poverty, and chastity:
Monks and nuns
In the Early Roman Republic, members of the landholding upper class were called:
Patricians
The period from 27 BCE to 180 CE was one of relative stability; the Roman Empire continued to expand and the empire was led by a handful of wise emperors. This period is known as the:
Pax Romana
This statesman led Athens during its Golden Age:
Pericles
Roman Astronomer-mathematician who proposed a theory that the Earth was at the center of the universe:
Ptolemy
Empire is the form of government in Ancient _______ in which the Emperor was the supreme leader.
Rome
This medieval European school of thought used logic and reason to support Christian beliefs. It attempted to bring Faith and Reason together.
Scholasticism
Despite divisions among city-states, Greeks shared a common culture in which they:
Spoke the same language, prayed to the same gods, and shared a sense of superiority over foreigners
Greek art has been praised for how it was superior to art developed by previous cultures. However, critics still point to the fact that Greek art:
Still tended to portray humans in idealized forms
Roman philosophy that stressed the importance of duty and acceptance of one's fate:
Stoicism
Homer was a Greek poet famous for epic works that serve as major sources for the study of Ancient Greece. One of his major works containing stories of honor, courage, and glimpses of the Greek hubris is:
The Iliad
Which of the following statements about Roman society is true? ❏ Most Roman women were not allowed to own property. ❏ Only upper-class boys learned to read and write. ❏ The father had absolute power in the family. ❏ Most Roman women were involved in public life.
The father had absolute power in the family.
The narrow passage where 300 Spartans fought the Persians:
Thermopylae
A veto was the ability of tribunes to block a law they found harmful to plebeians.
True
After the fall of Rome, the Roman Empire lived on for another thousand years mainly in the East, and became known as the Byzantine Empire. Answer (Hide)
True
Alexander the Great's legacy included: He spread Greek culture as conquered people assimilated Greek ideas. He founded the city of Alexandria (Egypt), in which a huge library housed the knowledge of the ancient world.
True
Aristotle: Analyzed forms of government Promoted reason Described good and bad types of government and favored rule by a single leader Questioned how people ought to live Concluded that people should pursue the "golden mean" between extremes in behavior
True
Athens experienced a golden age from 460 to 429 BCE that included: Direct democracy Even poor men could serve in government because they received a stipend Athenians could serve on a jury (with hundreds or thousands of jurors) Citizens could vote to banish public figures from the city Prosperity Festivals and building programs
True
Greek philosophy: Used observation and reason to discover the causes for events Rejected the idea that everything was caused by the whims of the gods Explored math and logic
True
Hannibal was the great Carthaginian general who nearly defeated the Romans during the Second Punic War.
True
Many Jews in the first century CE were expecting a priestly king who would liberate the people from oppression and foreign rule. The title given to this individual was "messiah."
True
Romans generally treated most conquered peoples with relative tolerance: Allowed them to keep their customs, religion, money, and local government Roman citizenship was attainable Permission to marry Roman citizens Permission to trade in Rome
True
Rome's commitment to law is a legacy still followed in the modern United States. Some examples of this include the presumption of innocence, the right to face one's accuser, the need for evidence, and judges that interpret laws fairly.
True
The Roman emperor Diocletian tried to restore order to the empire by dividing it into two parts.
True
The blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman traditions produced the Greco-Roman civilization in which the Romans admired and adapted ideas from Greek culture. The new tradition was spread through conquest and travels during the Pax Romana.
True
Two main civilizations were active and dominant in the Mediterranean before the appearance of what is now known as Greek civilization: the Minoans and the Mycenaeans.
True
Two of the major challenges posed to Christian Europeans were the rise of Islam and the Viking invasions.
True
Western Civilization can be generally (with some exceptions) characterized by cultures in the West that were influenced by Europe, believe in one god, freedom, civil rights, democracy, and the separation of church and state.
True
Women in Athens: Could not participate in government. Played a significant role in public religion. Participated in sacred processions and ceremonies. Answer (Hide)
True
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote his Canterbury Tales in the _______________ language.
Vernacular
Sophists were philosophers who:
Were paid to develop rhetorical and logical skills
rule by a hereditary landholding elite
aristocracy
He was Plato's most famous student, who wrote about politics, ethics, logic, and more.
aristotle
Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant who supposedly traveled to:
china
Series of nine "holy wars," fought over control of Byzantium and the Holy Land that lasted about 200 years and resulted in the death of between 9 and 12 million people.
crusades
his event marks the end of Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages:
fall of rome
"Augustus" (i.e. "exalted one") was a title given to Constantine for granting Christians relief from Roman persecution.
false
The Western Roman Empire, where Rome was located, was the richest and most stable region of the Roman Empire.
false
The decline and fall of the Roman Empire happened quickly and swiftly as invading armies overran Roman legions essentially overnight.
false
Thebes was the location of a vast palace of the Minoan rulers.
false
Considered the king of the Roman gods:
jupiter
In Ancient Greece, a panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial was called the:
jury
A massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers.
phalanx
This word means "lover of wisdom"
philosopher
The ______________ were similar to slaves except that they were paid a small wage and they were not owned by anyone. But they were bound to their fiefs and to their lords and could not leave the fief where they were born except in very rare instances. They planted the crops, harvested the wheat, ground the flour, baked the bread, slaughtered the livestock, cured the bacon. They also tended the noble households, served them three meals a day and looked after noble children.
serfs
The spread of the Black Death followed mainly the:
trade routes
A fief was what the lord granted his vassal in exchange for his loyalty.
true
About 450 BCE, the Romans codified their laws and inscribed them on twelve bronze tables which were set up in the Roman Forum. These Twelve Tables were the basis of all later Roman law, and through it, of the legal system of much of the Western world.
true
After the fall of Rome, the Roman Empire lived on for another thousand years mainly in the East as the Byzantine Empire.
true
An alliance is a formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense.
true
Charlemagne restored much of the unity of the old Roman Empire and paved the way for the development of modern Europe.
true
During the Pax Romana: ● Roman legions protected and maintained roads ● Roman fleets chased pirates ● Grain came from Egypt ● Trade caravans traveled to Africa, India, and China ● Ideas and knowledge spread throughout the empire
true
Europe declined during the Early Middle Ages in part because the region was invaded repeatedly.
true
Feudalism was responsible for the reemergence of culture and civilized life in Western Europe.
true
Hubris, as portrayed in The Iliad--and as defined by Trudgeon--is a "god-like pride." It was viewed as the greatest of all sins by the Greeks.
true
Julius Caesar instituted many reforms, including: -Created public works jobs for the unemployed -Granted citizenship to many conquered people -Adopted a calendar used for the next 1600 years (Julian Calendar)
true
Justinian I compiled a legal code that became the handbook on Roman law for legal scholars.
true
Notre Dame of Paris: a major example of Gothic architecture with its flying buttresses and stained-glass windows.
true
Ostracism was a process by which a public figure is banished from the city for a period of several years.
true
Plato wrote an important work called The Republic. He was a student of Socrates and influenced Aristotle.
true
Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher and mathematician who derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle.
true
Roman armies were key to Rome's success, as they were made up of citizen soldiers who were raised to value courage, loyalty, and to respect authority.
true
Romans generally treated most conquered peoples with relative tolerance: ● Allowed them to keep their customs, religion, money, and local government ● Roman citizenship was attainable ● Permission to marry Roman citizens ● Permission to trade in Rome
true
Rome gained control of lands around the Mediterranean Sea by defeating the Cartaghinians in the Punic Wars.
true
The Code of Chivalry was a code of conduct adopted by knights, requiring them to be brave, loyal, and true to their word
true
The Greeks were the thinkers in the ancient world and their ideas shape every facet of life in the West today.
true
The Roman emperor Diocletian tried to restore order to the empire by (among other things) dividing it into two parts.
true
The authority of the pope over all secular rulers in matters of religion is called papal supremacy.
true
The guiding principles of the Roman Republic were: ● People should have a voice in government. ● There should be many safeguards in place to make sure no one man ever holds all the power.
true
The oldest European university is the University of Bologna, Italy, which was founded in 1088 CE.
true
the Eastern Roman Empire was known as the Byzantine Empire and had its capital in Constantinople.
true
The ability of Roman tribunes to block a law they found harmful to plebeians.
veto
_________ wrote the epic poem The Aeneid.
virgil