WH-Connections to Today, Chapter 7, Section 3, Peoples of North America

Give examples of how the environment influenced three early cultures of North America.

-drought forced the Anasazi to abandon their cliff dwellings -the Inuits survived in the frozen North by building homes from sad or snow and ice -in the forest lands of the Northwest Coast, people enjoyed plentiful natural resources and could therefore live in large permanent villages

Cliff dwellings built by Anasazi

-housing complexes in the shadow of canyon walls -cliffs offered protection from invaders -Larges cliff dwelling at Mesa Verde (present day Colorado) had over 200 rooms -people had to climb ladders to reach their fields on the flatlands above or the canyon floor below

What are the 10 cultural areas of North America?

1. Arctic 2. Subarctic 3. Northwest Coast 4. California 5. Great Basin 6. Plateau 7. Southwest 8. Great Plains 9. Eastern woodlands 10. Southeast

Potlatch

A celebration from the Northwest Coast meant to show wealth

Iroquois League

A political confederation of five northeastern Native American nations of the Seneca, Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, and Onondaga that made decisions concerning war and peace.

Pueblo Bonito

A village in New Mexico, 800 rooms that housed 6000 people, builders used stone and adobe bricks to make a crescent-shaped mound five stories high

Southwest culture region

Adobe houses in villages, irrigation for corn. Honored earth, sky, and water spirits. Apaches, Hohokams, Hopis, Navajos, Pueblos

How do we know about the lives of the Mound Builders and their contacts with other peoples?

Archaeologists have learned about their lives by studying the remains of their mounds, towns, and ceremonial centers. They also study the artifacts that the people left inside the mounds.

Kiva

Built by the Anasazi, a large underground chamber used for religious ceremonies

Hohokams (Vanished Ones)

Built complex irrigation systems to plant corn, squash, and beans. Lived in present Arizona near the Gila River.

How did the diverse regional cultures in the Americas differ from one another?

Each region had different climates, resources, and elevation. The Inuits lived farthest north and adapted to the arctic conditions. The people of the Easter Woodlands would have access to more wood to the Inuits. The people of the Eastern Woodlands and the Great Plateau would be more accustomed to the elevation than people of the Great Plains.

Cahokia was located in present day?

East St. Louis

California/Great Basin/Plateau culture region

Family group hunter-gatherers, ate fish and berries and acorns. New Percés, Pomos, Shoshones

Easter Woodlands cultural region

Farming villages, hunted, longhouses shared by multiple families. Women had social and political power. Algonquin, Chippewas, Hurons, Iroquois, Leni-Lenape, Miamis, Pequots, Shawnees.

Inuits

Farthest north and lived in harsh Arctic climates, hunted seals which gave them clothes and tools. Paddled kayaks or used dog sleds to travel across the ice,. Built igloos

Southeast culture region

Grew corn, squash, beans. Yearly Green Corn Corn ceremony to mark end of year and harvest. Cherokee, Nachez

Pueblo

Large villages built by the Anasazi between AD 900 to AD 1300

Great Plains culture region

Lived in tepees, men hunt, women farm, buffalo provided food, shelter, clothes. Apaches, Arapahos, Blackfeet, Cheyennes, Comanches, Crows, Lakotas, Mandans, Osages

Cahokia

Mississippian settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native Americans

Heirs to the Mound Builders

Natchez people

Arctic/Subarctic culture region

Nomadic hunter-gatherers in a cold climate, honored ocean and weather and animal spirits. Beavers, Crees, Inuits, Kutchins

A Frozen World

Northern Canada

Mound Builders

The Adena and Hopewell people who constructed giant earthen mounds

Encounters between Iroquois League and Europeans.

The Europeans would take a toll on the North Americans

Dekanawidah

The Iroquois Constitution

Anasazi

The best-known society of the Southwest, lived in Four Corners region of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah

How did the culture of the Mound Builders reflect their contact with other regions?

The mounds were centers of trade, the largest being Cahokia which could house 40,000 people. People of other regions could trade goods like precious metals and shark teeth.

land of plenty

The northwest coast, had fish, deer, much wood. Women farmed, men fought. Permanent villages, potlatch

How did the Hohokams farm the desert southwest?

They built a complex irrigation system.

How did the people in the desert southwest adapt to their environment?

They built complex irrigation systems and farmed corn, squash, and beans

Northwest Coast cultural region

rich forest for hunting. Coastal waters for fishing and seals, whales and otters. All needs met by hunting and gathering. Did not grow crops. Shamans important in Kwakiutl culture. Held potlatches;totem poles.Dugout canoes. Bella Coola, Coo, Kwakiuti, Tlingit

Clan Mother

the head of each clan

The Great Serpent Mound

this runs some 1,300 feet along its coils and is between 4 and 5 feet high.