What is a social movement?
What are the core characteristics of a social movement?
-It is extrainstitutional -It comprises many groups and organizations who share members and contacts (network) -It persists beyond the fate of one group -characterized by big change oriented ideas that impart unity -includes ideology -collective identity
How do snow and soule describe social movements?
-challengers or defenders of existing authority structures (including churches, the constitution, the bible, SCOTUS ruling) -collective - extrainstitutional -organized -operate with continutity often episodic (waves of feminism)
What is the ideational interpretative sphere?
The unifying ideas, values, frameworks, beliefs, and actions that reflect values of a movement. There are often disagreements because it's all about interpretation of ideals and how to take action on them.
What are collective action frames?
The way people break social and psychological barriers to participation and reconceptualize the issue so they must act. They help you perceive injustice and give motivation for actions
What role do collective interests play?
They give the group something to interpret and act on, making it a social phenomenon. They're taken into account in addition to other incentives to get participation.
What do social movement organizations do?
They integrate individual members in varying degrees of participation
How do interest groups differ from SMOs?
They're more involved with institutions and political an social systems. ex. unions, NAACP, NRA
What is a frame?
a way we look at and interpret things. Ex. in sociology, the idea of social constructionism, that everything is influenced by our socialization ex. in the west we don't think of Al Qaeda as a social movement
What is an astroturf movement?
as opposed to grassroots, it's a social movement that people are paid to participate in. When they pay participants, it shows a desire for legitimacy
What is the role of the structural sphere?
collect and distribute resources, help with continuity
What are network structures?
connections through communication and shared membership
How does Hank Johnston describe social movements?
forces of change, extrainstitutional, and move history along
How are collective action frames different from ideologies?
ideologies are written down and discussed, but collective action frames are cognitive
What is the repertoire?
marches, demonstrations, protests that make up the political culture, which shows drama, conviction, and makes the repertoire strong
What are the elements of the performative sphere?
modern repertoire and networks of performances
What are some examples of non-social movements?
protest campaigns, protests, challenging groups, NIMBY movements
Who guides a social movement?
the people to join it
What is ideology? What are the two types and examples of them?
the systematic relation of ideas to each other and their impact on social and political action based on value commitments Some are concrete, like marxism, and create strong bond between participants Some are looser, like equality, and the loose ones are often disagreed upon
What role do grievances play?
they are at the core of mobilization They often include anger and they're sometimes imaginary (like reverse racism, Qanon conspiracies)
What are examples of a ideational-interpretive disagreement?
Colin Kaepernick kneeling is disagreed upon because people don't agree on an interpretation of things like respect for the country The westboro baptist church has delegitimized itself by using repertoire that's a completely different interpretation of values
What are the three elements of the ideational-interpretative sphere?
Ideology, collective action frames, collective interests
What is the sociological imagination?
Making the connection between individual challenges to larger social issues
What are four parts of the structural sphere?
Social movement organizations, interest groups, nongovernmental organizations, network structures
What are the three spheres of analysis of a social movement?
Structural sphere, ideational-interpretative sphere, and performative sphere
What is the performative sphere?
The choices that movements make: when and how they take action, when they pursue their grievances. This includes rituals like say his/her name
Why is it important to study a social movement?
1. it's scientific, and studying it helps us define the things we want to study and acknowledge bias 2. it helps us with methodology (how to study it) and lets us understand why social movements work and their impact 3. it's political. we give social movements political meaning and weight
How do big SMOs and small SMOs differ?
Big ones bring in money and organization, small bring democracy and immediate member participation
Is a social movement intra or extra institutional?
Extrainstitutional. Social movements work outside established structures Sometimes, they can work intrainstitutionally, for example, BLM lobbies sometimes
What are NGOs and what do they do?
Nongovernmental organizations are formal volunteer groups working for value based change oriented groups that focus on human rights, peace, human trafficking, etc.
What is a NIMBY movement?
Not In My Backyard movement: one small group pursuing their concrete interests like a noise complaint
