What is Climate (17-1)/Climate types (17-2)

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Polar Zones

(66 degrees north and 66 degrees south to the poles) sun shines at a low angle, keeping temperatures low

Tropics

(between 23 degrees north and 23 degrees south) sun shines directly overhead, keeping temperatures high

Temperate Zones

(between the tropics and the polar zones) moderate temperatures (Most of the US)

Warm

____ currents begin near the equator and flow toward higher latitude, warming the land

cities

___________ are made up of streets, parking lots, and buildings, and in turn heat the air

Mountains

_____________ cause air to rise, cool, and condense, creating a wetter climate on the windward side of the mountain and a much drier climate on the leeward side

stem

a cactus's thick, fleshy ________ helps it hold water

hibernation

a period of greatly reduced activity during cold months

Large bodies of water

affect climate of coastal areas by absorbing or giving off heat

Leeward side (rain shadow)

air descends, heats up, and dries the land; the side of the mountain with a drier climate

heat-island effect

air pollution and greenhouse gasses trap heat, create this effect

Windward side (rain shadow)

air rises, cools, and drops its moisture; the side of the mountain with a wetter climate

Adaptation

any structure of behavior that helps an organism survive in its enviornment

structural adaptations

body structures that help organisms survive in certain climates (inherited)

Ocean Currents

can bring cool or warm temperatures and moisture to coastal areas

mountain climates

colder than sea level climates

currents

cool off and flow back toward the equator, cooling the air and nearby land

Climate

determines the types of plants or animals that can survive, and influences how people live

Latitude

distance north or south of the equator

Temperature/precipitation/air pressure/ humidity/days of sunshine

elements that are averaged to determine climate

Koppen's System

examines temperature, precipitation and plant types

cities

have higher temperatures than surrounding areas because of the large areas of solar radiation-absorbing pavement

coastal areas

have wetter climates than places further inland because of ocean currents

behavioral adaptations

help organisms survive in a particular climate

behavioral adaptations

hibernation and estivation

warmer/cooler

many coastal regions are ______ in winter and ______in the summer

latitude

most fundamental factor that affects climate

Water

needs more heat than land to reach a given temp.

Koppen

observed that the plant types found in a region depended on the climate of the area

climatologists

people who study climate; usually use a system developed in 1918 by Wladimir Koppen to classify climates

Tropics

receive the most solar radiation because the sun shines almost directly over these areas.

Tropical, mild, dry, continental, polar and high elevation

six types of climate

estivation

state of being inactive, similar to hibernation, that occurs during periods of intense heat.

5

temps in the city are ______ degrees C higher than in surrounding rural areas

fur

the _____ of mammals insulates them from cold temperatures

Colder

At the same latitude, the climate on a mountain is ______ than the climate at sea level

Koppen's System

System of climate classification

Climate

the pattern of weather that occurs in an area over many years

mountain air

very thin, and has fewer molecules to absorb heat


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