What is research? (Ch. 1)
What type of research is not always going to work with people?
Applied
This type of research addresses immediate problems, often in less controlled real world settings and is more closely linked to application?
Applied Research
What are the 2 types of research?
Applied and basic
What type of research has a better conclusion at the end?
Basic
What research type frequently uses labs as settings, uses animals as subjects and carefully controls conditions to produce results that have limited direct application?
Basic Research
Goal and approach of level 3 applied research?
Goal: Immediate solutions Approach: Real-world settings
Goal and approach of level 2, moderate direct relevance applied research?
Goal: Theory based using relevant movements Approach: Similar to real world task or setting
Goal and Approach of Level 1 basic research?
Goal: Theory driven Approach: Laboratory
What is research?
a systematic method of inquiry, and finding answers to questions in a logical, orderly, and systematic fashion
define replicable (characteristic of research):
actions are recorded, allowing others to test the findings by repeating the research or to build future research on previous results
Define tenacity:
cling to beliefs regardless of evidence (superstitions)
define empirical (characteristic of research):
decisions are based on data
define the rationalistic method:
derive knowledge through reasoning
define the empirical method:
experience and gathering of data
define reductive (characteristic of research):
general relationships are established from data
what does 'where' answer in the epidemiological approach?
geographical differences can include place of residence, birth or employment, a district, a state, a country
define intuition:
gut feelings, common sense or self evident & usually found to be false. (Ex. no one could run a mile in < 4 mins.)
what are protective factors?
increase the likelihood of good health outcomes
why study epidemiology?
it provides the scientific basis to prevent disease and injury and promote health establishes priorities for research and action identifies at risk groups to target evaluates the effectiveness of programs in improving health
Definition of basic research?
research that may have limited direct application but the researcher has careful control of the conditions
define authority:
right to question and to accept or reject the info
define epidemiology:
the study of something (anything) that afflicts or affects a population
what does 'when' answer in the epidemiological approach?
time rates of outcome occurrence over time long term or secular trends can be seen by plotting over how long rates of outcome are occurring can help predict future events
epi = demos = -logy =
upon population the study of
What are risk factors?
increase the likelihood of poor health outcomes
what does 'why' answer in the epidemiological approach?
search for causes and effects
what does 'what' answer in the epidemiological approach?
set of standard criteria that decides whether a person has a particular health outcome May be inclusion or exclusion
The extent to which research emulates the real world is..
Ecological validity
define logical (characteristic of research):
Examine procedures to evaluate conclusions
the scientific method of inquiry has 6 features, what are they?
Focus Purpose Content Time Frame Discipline Method
what does 'who' answer in the epidemiological approach?
Person counting the number of people affected convert cases to risks so that we can compare b/n different populations answers the question of what individuals characteristics like age, gender, ethnic group, immunity, nutrition, housing, education, etc) exist?
Define Systematic (characteristic of research):
Plan, identify, design, collect data, evaluate
Definition of applied research?
Research that has direct value to practitioners but the researcher has limited control over the research setting.
what are some definable factors that can influence the occurrence of health related events?
Risk factors and protective factors
List the five characteristics of research:
Systematic Logical Empirical Reductive Replicable
What are the two key components of research?
Systematic in nature, and it focuses on a question of interest
what are the 5 unscientific methods of problem solving?
Tenacity, intuition, authority, the rationalistic method, the empirical method
what is the basic science of public health?
The study of distribution and determinants of health related states and events in populations, and the application of this study to control health problems
The epidemiological approach involves answering what following questions?
What? Who? Where? When? Why?
