WHH Chapter 5 - Classical Greece
What roles did the acropolis and the agora play in a typical Greek polis (city-state)?
Acropolis - temples; public ceremonies Agora - marketplace, gathering place
How did Aristotle's emphasis on reason and logic contribute to the development of science?
Aristotle emphasized making careful observations and thinking rationally
Who ordered the first Persian invasion of Greece? Why did he want to invade?
The Persian emperor, Darius, ordered the invasion of Greece because he was very angry about the Ionian rebels and wanted to punish their allies
What led to the creation of a military society in Sparta?
a need to keep order
How did Greece change after the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta became the dominant power in Greece but lost control
What were the gods of Greek mythology like?
There were hundreds of gods; 12 were particularly influential
What was the general goal of Greek sculptors?
to show beauty and grace
Why is the period after the Persian Wars considered a golden age of Athenian history?
Athens rose to glory and had great influence in Greece
Why might both Herodotus and Thucydides be considered fathers of history?
Herodotus and Thucydides both analyzed events
Why are historians not sure if the Trojan War really happened? What makes them think it may have happened?
Historians are not sure that the Trojan war happened because the only evidence is Legend; they think it may have happened because there are ruins of a city believed to be Troy
Who was Homer? For what works is he known?
Homer was a poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
What was most Greek painting like? On what types of objects did such painting appear?
Most Greek paintings were scenes from everyday life; These paintings appeared on vases, plates, and other vessels
Do you think Pericles was justified in using the Delian League's money to rebuild Athens? Why or why not?
No, the money should have been used to benefit the entire Delian League
Who was Pericles, and what did he do for the city of Athens?
Pericles was a skilled politician and gifted speaker; he helped rebuild the city of Athens
Do you think a direct democracy would work today? Why or why not?
Yes, a direct democracy would ensure that every vote was counted
Do you think the Spartan system was a good way to run a government? Why or why not?
Yes, it preserved order but it was harsh on the people
Why did Plato think that philosophers should be the leaders of governments?
because Plato viewed philosophers as mot qualified
Why do you think the Greeks were interested in stories about great heroes?
because the stories taught Greeks where they came from and how to act
Why did the members of the Peloponnesian League resent Athens?
because they supported Athens' rival, Sparta; Also, they feared Athens would stop trade
How did Socrates think people should learn?
by asking questions
What were the most significant elements of ancient Athenian democracy?
it was a direct democracy; only certain men were allowed to vote; there were three separate bodies: including the assembly, the Council of 500, and the courts
How were Greek tragedies and comedies similar? How were they different?
similar - both were forms of plays different - tragedies focused on hardships of heroes; comedies exposed flaws in society
What is one way in which the Minoans and Mycenaean cultures were similar? What is one way in which they were different?
similar - both were trading states different - Mycenaean language can be translated; Mycenaeans fought frequent wars
How might the Persian Wars have ended differently if the Spartans had not held out at Thermopylae?
the Greeks might not have won the Persian War
What have historians learned by studying Minoan art?
the Minoan way of life; that life was tied to the sea; that woman played major roles; men played dangerous games
What was the ultimate result of the Battle of Marathon?
the Persians retreated
How did Athenian government change in the years leading up to the development of democracy?
the code of laws changed
What was Athens strategy at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War?
to avoid land battles
Why did the ancient Greeks create myths?
to explain natural phenomena; to teach Greeks where they came from and how to live
Why was the Parthenon designed to be so impressive?
to represent the glory of Athens; to honor the gods
