Wk 5 Ch 10, 11, 18
Arrange in order the four steps in the organizational change process
1. Assess the need for change 2. Decide on the change to make 3. Implement the change 4. Evaluate the change
What is it called when two or more companies who share similar interests enter into a formal agreement to exchange resources to produce or market a product?
A strategic alliance
While many companies have benefited as a result of IT, others have been threatened as a result of IT's power. Why?
Because IT has been responsible for creating products that replace others that are now obsolete
evolutionary change
Change that is gradual, incremental, and narrowly focused
revolutionary change
Change that is rapid, dramatic, and broadly focused.
Managers must use the most effective technological solutions such as ________ to assist their employees and customers, or risk being surpassed by more effective rivals who have developed superior technology competencies.
Cloud computing Artificial Intelligence
Members of an organization relate to each other and work together to achieve organizational goals because they are all part of the same organizational ___
Culture
In an organization, employees typically figure out how to relate to one another and cooperate to achieve organizational goals as a result of the shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, and norms that comprise the organizational
Culture Reason: Organizational ethics focus on how people inside the company deal with those inside and outside the organization. Organizational structure is the formal system of job and task reporting relationships that determines how employees use organizational resources to achieve organizational goals. These factors represent the organizational culture, which is the second issue in organizational design.
Rob is trying to think of the two primary types of change. He knows revolutionary is one of them but can't think of the other. What is it?
Evolutionary
Which of the following is not a factor that shapes an organization's culture?
External environment
Lewin's force-field theory states that managers must create resistance to facilitate change.
False
Because it can reduce the number of conflicts, every organization should aspire to have its members be as similar as possible.
False Reason: As members become too similar, they lose the ability to adapt and respond quickly to changes in the environment.
The only three organizational processes not affected by organizational change are communication, motivation, and leadership.
False Reason: Communication, motivation, and leadership are affected by organizational change.
Respecting tradition, obeying authority, and being cautious are all characteristics of what type of organizational structure?
Highly centralized
How does a product's life cycle change over time?
It changes in a predictable pattern.
How is information technology used in organizations?
It provides a set of methods to acquire, organize, manipulate, transmit and store information.
In a world in which business activities of all kinds are increasingly conducted through the Internet, what is the challenge facing managers?
Managers must continually update and improve their use of advancing technology to increase organizational performance.
What are the principles that emphasize that members of organizations should treat each other and all of those outside of the organization fairly and equitably?
Organizational ethics
Which of the following are the four main factors that interact to shape organizational culture?
Organizational ethics Nature of the employment relationship Design of the the organizational structure Characteristics of organizational members
What are the four factors that shape organizational culture?
Organizational structure The characteristics of organizational members The employment relationship An organization's ethical values
What are the the components of a tiered network solution?
Personal digital assistants, laptops, clients servers, a mainframe
Which of the following is/are examples of problems stemming from inside the organization?
Structural issues causing problems between departments
What are considered drawbacks of hierarchies, the traditional information system?
The "tall" resulting organizational structure can make the hierarchy an expensive management information system. When an organization has many layers of management, it takes a long time for information to flow up and down the hierarchy
Organizational ethics (HRM)
The guiding practices and beliefs through which a particular company and its managers view their responsibility toward their stakeholders.
Which of the following best defines organizational change?
The movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some desired future state
benchmarking
The process of comparing one company's performance on specific dimensions with the performance of high-performing organizations
information technology (IT)
The set of methods or techniques for acquiring, organizing, storing, manipulating, and transmitting information
product life cycle
The way demand for a product changes in a predictable pattern over time.
What are some of the effects on managers and organizations caused by advances in IT and management information systems?
To help managers make more effective decisions
Adaptive cultures control employee attitudes and behaviors.
True Reason: Adaptive cultures are those in which the values and norms of the organization help to propel growth and change when needed, to accomplish organizational goals. In this way, adaptive cultures control employee attitudes and behaviors.
An operations information system is a management information system that gathers, organizes, and summarizes vast amounts of data that can be provided to managers in an accessible fashion.
True Reason: Managers use information provided by operations information systems to make informed decisions about important issues regarding the organization.
IT is a source of competitive advantage that is growing; organizations that do not adopt leading-edge IT are likely to be at a competitive disadvantage.
True Reason: This statement is true: IT is a source of competitive advantage that is growing; organizations that do not adopt leading-edge IT are likely to be at a competitive disadvantage.
What are considered drawbacks of hierarchies, the traditional information system?
When an organization has many layers of management, it takes a long time for information to flow up and down the hierarchy. The "tall" resulting organizational structure can make the hierarchy an expensive management information system.
Managers _______ over organizational activities by taking four steps (1) They establish measurable standards of performance or goals, (2) they measure actual performance, (3) they compare actual performance against established goals, and (4) they evaluate the results and take corrective action if necessary.
achieve control
In addition to organizational functioning, three organizational processes—communication, motivation, and leadership—are also affected by organizational ______.
change
Trish is trying to shift her company in a profound way to increase its efficiency and effectiveness. This is called organizational ______.
change
When assessing the need for ______, managers look at performance measures to detect the gap between desired and actual performance.
change
Very high levels of ___ can actually hinder employees' ability to adapt to a changing environment.
cohesiveness
Knowledge management systems are designed for internal use; that is, they are a ______-specific virtual information system.
company
The factors that determine the usefulness of information to a manager are:
completeness. quality. timeliness. relevance
Because decisions are supposed to happen at the top in ______ organizations, the cultural values of obeying authority and respecting traditions will support goals of predictability and stability.
culture
Ethical values (and the rules and norms that embody them) become an important part of the organization's ___ and influence how its members will behave in challenging situations.
culture
Organizational ___ which is the second principal issue in organizational design, is the shared set of beliefs, expectations, and values that influence how employees interact with each other and achieve organizational goals.
culture
Organizational ______ is shaped by the interaction of four main factors, including organizational ethics and the nature of the employment relationship.
culture
The employment relationship that an organization establishes with its employees through its human resource policies and practices is one factor that helps to shape an organization's ___
culture
Facts that are raw, unsummarized, or unanalyzed are defined as ______; when organized in a meaningful way, these facts become useful ______.
data; information
After a manager has identified the need for change, the next step is to ______.
decide on the change to make
Frieda has identified the need for change in her company. Her next step is to ______.
decide on the change to make
In the third step of the organizational change process, managers must:
decide whether the change will occur from the top-down or bottom-up. introduce and manage change.
An interactive computer-based management information system, with model building capability, that managers can use when they must make nonroutine decisions is known as a(n) ______ system.
decision support
A(n) ______ system provides computer-built models that help managers make better nonprogrammed decision.
decision support system
To achieve organizational goals, another basic task of management is coordinating:
department activities. divisional activities.
When IT is used by companies to trade with other companies, and when customers use the Internet to purchase goods or services, this is called ______.
e-commerce
The acronym ERP stands for ______.
enterprise resource planning
The role of the ______ is to move the product from the initial design to product delivery to the customer.
enterprise resource planning system
Organizational ___ are the moral values and beliefs that help employees establish norms and understand what is acceptable behavior toward each other and with those outside the organization.
ethics
A management information system that applies human knowledge, embedded in computer software, to solve problems that ordinarily require human expertise is an _____.
expert system
To make effective decisions, managers need information both from inside the organization and from ______.
external stakeholders
Lewin's ______ theory suggests that there are two forces always at work and in opposition to one another in organizations, and that for change to occur, the forces for change must overcome the forces for resistance.
force field Reason: Lewin's force-field theory suggests there are two forces always at work and in opposition to one another in organizations, and that for change to occur, the forces for change must overcome the forces for resistance.
The most common network arrangement is the ______ network information system consisting of PDAs, laptops, clients servers, and a mainframe.
four-tier
The most common network arrangement, consisting of PDAs, laptops, client servers, and mainframes, is part of a ______ network system.
four-tier
Advances in information technology give managers access to ______ information. (Choose all that apply.)
higher-quality more timely more complete
When assessing the need for change, the organization must
identify the source of the problem. recognize that there is a problem. Reason: Effective change management involves telling employees what is happening. Identifying obstacles to change occurs during the second and third steps in the change process. Benchmarking is part of the evaluation of the change phase.
Advancing IT allows companies to ______.
improve responsiveness to customers
E-commerce encompasses using information technology for businesses to do business with other companies, and businesses to do business with ______.
individuals
To achieve a high level of coordination between departmental and divisional activities, managers use IT systems to gather and process quality ______.
information
To make effective decisions, managers need ______ from internal and external stakeholders.
information
The set of methods for accessing, acquiring, organizing, transmitting, exchanging, and storing information is ______.
information technology
Assume that the organizational structure is causing problems between the research and development team and the marketing team. This is an example of a(n) ______ problem.
internal
When implementing change during the third step in the change process, managers must: (choose all that apply)
introduce and manage change decide whether the change will occur from the top-down or bottom-up
To solve a problem, there are three requirements of an expert system: (1) it must recognize, formulate, and solve a problem; (2) it must explain the solution; and (3) _____.
it must learn from experience
One characteristic of an adaptive culture is that ______.
its values and norms propel momentum that initiates growth and change, as needed, to achieve organizational goals
A company-specific virtual information system that systematizes the expertise of its employees and facilitates the sharing and integrating of their expertise is a(n) ______ system.
knowledge management
The predictable pattern over time that defines the way demand for a product changes is known as the product ______.
life cycle
Advances in IT have enabled managers to: (Choose all that apply.)
make significant leaps in the way they can collect more timely, complete, relevant, and high-quality information. use information in more effective ways.
A drawback of some hierarchical information systems can be the distortion of information as it moves from ______.
one layer to the next
The MIS that gathers, organizes, and summarizes comprehensive data into a form that managers can use in their nonroutine coordinating, controlling, and decision-making tasks is a(n) ______ system.
operations information
Human resource practices, such as the nature of the employment relationships, impacts the ______.
organizational culture
Creating, developing, and maintaining an organization's culture is the second principal issue in ______.
organizational design
When Logan wants to identify whether or not there is a gap between desired and actual performance, he analyzes ______.
performance measures
When sales numbers have been gathered, but have not yet been analyzed, the numbers are, for the time being, ______.
raw data
Although there are several types of change, generally they tend to fall into two broad categories: evolutionary change and ______ change.
revolutionary
An agreement in which managers pool or share their organization's resources and know-how with a foreign company, and the two organizations share the rewards and risks of starting a new venture is a ______ alliance.
strategic
Managers achieve control over organizational activities by taking four steps (1) They establish measurable standards of performance or goals, (2) they measure actual performance, (3) they compare actual performance against established goals, and _______.
they evaluate the results and take corrective action if necessary
Most managers in large organizations use a system to handle tasks such as payroll preparation and payment and customer billing. This is typically a ______ system.
transaction-processing
The system that was designed in the 1960s and was the first type of computer-based IT adopted by many organizations was the ______ system.
transaction-processing
In the last step of the change process, managers
use benchmarking. compare prechange and postchange performance.
In the last step of the change process, managers:
use benchmarking. compare prechange and postchange performance.
When evaluating the change process, managers:
use benchmarking. compare prechange and postchange performance.
The four factors of quality, timeliness, completeness, and relevance help determine the ______ to a manager.
usefulness of information
