World geography chapter 9

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Why is Argentina considered to be a global role model for environmental policies?

It has voluntarily set greenhouse gas emission targets.

What has been the effect of deforestation in the Amazon rain forest?

As land is cleared, habitats are destroyed and plant and animal species come to be at risk of extinction.

Less well known than the Amazon rain forest, the ________ Forest is also threatened and now covers less than 10 percent of its original area.

Atlantic

Why do most people in South America live along rivers or near the coasts?

Because the rugged interior of the continent has discouraged settlement.

a country in which most people speak Portuguese

Brazil

What South American lake lies on the border between Bolivia and Peru?

Lake Titicaca

Rapid growth of the El Alto, Bolivia, has resulted in the pollution of

Lake Titicaca.

a dry, barren, and windy area east of the Andes

patagonia

What crops are grown in the tierra fría?

potato, barley, and quinoa

knotted cords of various lengths and colors used by the Inca to keep financial records

quipu

Which of the following accurately describes the Inca?

skilled engineers who built a network of roads through the Andes

What is the sparsely populated desert along the coast of Peru and Chile?

the Atacama Desert

What river's basin is home to the world's largest rain forest?

the amazon

What causes Patagonia to be dry, barren, and windy?

the rain shadow effect caused by the Andes

the climate zone where potato, barley, and quinoa are grown

tierra fria

the high climate zone above the tree line in the Andes

tierra helada

Which of the following are major crops exported from South America?

grains, soybeans, and coffee

The climate zones above the tree line in the Andes

have permanent ice and snow.

Rain forests are home to about ________ all the plant and animal species on Earth.

50%

a phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean that produces unusually warm ocean temperatures along the west coast of South America and intense summer rains

El Nino

the fertile grasslands found in inland areas of Colombia and Venezuela

Llanos

the grassy, treeless plains of southern South America

Pampas

the country that has legalized the growing of the coca plant

Peru

How can herding livestock lead to desertification?

The livestock damages plants by eating them down to nearly ground level.

Who were leaders of the South American wars for independence?

Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín

Most Argentinians today are descended from

Spaniards and Italians.

Which two European groups were the first to colonize South America?

Spanish and Portuguese

Which two countries in South America have large South Asian populations?

Suriname and Guyana

With some 19 million residents, ________, is the most populous city in the Southern Hemisphere.

São Paulo, Brazil

Many of the migrants to São Paulo, Brazil, end up living in ________ on the outskirts of the city with no sanitation services

favelas

How do favelas contribute to pollution?

They are sources of untreated sewage.

Why did many indigenous communities in South America develop as isolated groups?

They were separated by the natural barriers created by the Andes.

the world;s highest large lake

Titicaca

route constructed to transport agricultural products from the Amazon river basin to ports in Peru

Transoceanic Highway

the major petroleum-exporting country in South America

Venezuela

What feature of the Inca Empire made it easier for the Spanish to conquer it?

a network of roads that connected the empire

The early South American societies of the Moche, Mapuche, and Aymara were based primarily on

agriculture

a high plateau in Peru and Bolivia encircled by the Andes

altiplano

the longest river in the Western Hemisphere

amazon

When highly educated and highly skilled workers emigrate to other countries, their native country suffers a(n)

brain drain

the loss of highly educated and skilled workers to other countries

brain drain

How can El Niño negatively affect fishing?

by reducing the number of small organisms at the bottom of the food chain

a syncretic blend of Catholicism and West African religions

candomble

In many places throughout South America, Carnival is celebrated in the week before the ________ observance of Lent.

catholic

In the Amazon rain forest in Brazil, ________ is the leading cause of deforestation.

cattle ranching

Grains, soybeans, and _______ are major crops exported from South America.

coffee

parallel chains or ranges of mountains

cordillera

Paraguay has acted on environmental concerns by banning ________ in its eastern region.

deforestation

Overgrazing of livestock and deforestation are major causes of ________ in South America.

desertifcation

a steep cliff or slope between a higher and lower land surface

escarpment

Because the Eastern Highlands of Brazil slope gently to the Atlantic Ocean, forming a peninsula, most Brazilians live along the coast.

false

Brazil is the South American country with the largest oil reserves.

false

Most of the Amazon rain forest is locates in Peru.

false

The Andes consist of altiplanos, or groups of several mountain ranges that run parallel to one another.

false

The tierra helada and the puna are the lowest vertical climate zones in South America.

false

a slum on the outskirts of a Brazilian city consisting of crudely built shacks

favela

In recent years, the potential wealth to be gained through ________ has caused deforestation and the pollution of waterways in Peru.

illegal mining

How does monoculture affect soil?

it depletes it of nutrients

an ancient Inca town in the Andes

machu Picchu

a syncretic blend of Catholicism and West African religions

macumba

Because it depletes the soil of nutrients, ________ is hard on the land and causes soil to lose fertility.

monoculture

the cultivation of a single crop over a wide area for a consecutive number of years

monoculture

in South America, most people live?

near the coasts and along major rivers.

a thick, weathered soil of the humid tropics that is largely depleted of fertility and nutrients

oxisol

One way farmers can prevent erosion due to the formation of ________ is to apply fertilizers and lime, also known as calcium oxide.

oxisols

When intensive agriculture removes too much natural vegetation in the tropical lowlands, the natural _______ can degrade into a baked clay-like form.

oxisols

What country enacted a law in 2004 that prohibited deforestation in its eastern region?

paraguay

route constructed to transport mineral and timber from the Amazon rain forest

trans-Amazonian Highway

Due to its location, the predominant climates of South America are

tropical wet and tropical wet/dry

The Amazon rain forest has more biodiversity per square mile than any other place on Earth.

true

The Portuguese were the colonial rulers of Brazil.

true

The llanos and the pampas are two grasslands areas in South America

true

The pampas are grassy, treeless plains in Argentina and Uruguay.

true

a condition in which some places do not benefit as much as others from social and economic advancement

uneven development


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