World History Exam Study Guide

A socialist group, the ________________ represented the radical interests of lower classes

Soviets

he war quickly turned into a _______________

Stalemate

The United States tried to remain neutral, but unrestricted _______________________ warfare by the Germans brought America into the war in 1917.

Submarine

What was Germany's Schlieffen Plan?

The plan called for a two-front war with France and Russia.

"Peace, ____________________, Bread"summed up the Bolshevik program.

Land

The Bolsheviks came under the leadership of V.I. ________________.

Lenin

What action of Russia prompted Germany to declare war?

Russia employed full mobilization of its entire army

Nicholas ordered troops to break up crowds by _________________ if necessary

Shooting

The Communists had a ___________________ sense of purpose.

Single Minded

After William II's departure, the __________________ in Germany under Friedrich Ebert announced the creation of a _________________ republic

Social Democrats, Democratic

What did liberals believe about European states in the early nineteenth century?

They believed that if they could organize along national lines they could achieve peace.

In March 1917, a series of strikes led by _______________ started in Petrograd.

Women

The withdrawal of the Russians allowed Germany to concentrate on the _________________________

Western Front

On November 6, 1917, the Bolsheviks seized the _____________________

Winter Palace

By 1917, the war that had started in Europe had truly become a ____________________________

World Conflict

What did the large size of European armies make obvious?

If war did come, it would be highly destructive

In August 1914, most people seemed genuinely convinced that their nation's cause was _______________

Just

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson portrayed World War I as a people's war against "______________________ and _______________________."

Absolutism, Militarism

____________________________ regimes such as Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary relied on force to subdue their populations

Authoritarian

World War I affected the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, however remote they might be from the ___________________________

Battlefields

For what official reason did Great Britain declare war on Germany?

Because Germany violated Belgian neutrality

The Allies took advantage of the war to seize German __________________ in the rest of the world.

Colonies

An attempt at revolution left the German middle class with a deep fear of _______________________

Communism

Real power stayed with the ________________________________ headed by Lenin.

Council of People's Commissionaires

_________________________ was increasingly cut off from events by his wife.

Czar Nicholas II

By 1920, major opposition to the Communists had been ____________________.

Defeated

The Ottoman Empire came into the war on the side of __________________ prompting the Allies to declare war on them as well.

Germany

David Lloyd George, prime minister of ___________________ , had a simple platform at the Peace Conference: make the Germans _______________ for this dreadful war

Great Britain, Pay

The Bolsheviks were a _____________________ party called the Russian Social Democrats.

Marxist

Allied forces gave _____________ to anti- Communist forces.

Material Aid

What three things may have played a role in starting World War I?

Militarism, nationalism, and the desire to stifle internal dissent

On July 16, 1918, soviets ______________ Czar Nicholas and his family.

Murdered

Allied _______________ on the Western Front had been badly defeated.

Offensives

Many people were ___________________ to the Bolshevik or Communist regime.

Opposed

In January 1919, representatives of 27 victorious Allied nations met in ______________________ to make a final settlement of the Great War.

Paris

The German Schlieffen Plan called for the German army to sweep around ____________ and surround most of the French army.

Paris

The entry of the United States into the war in 1917 gave the Allies a much-needed __________________ boost.

Physiological

By the end of 1915 ________________ began to be used to attack ground targets.

Planes

Before 1914, many political leaders thought war in Europe could be _______________

Prevented

Government ______________ had worked in stirring up national hatreds before the war.

Propaganda

Leon Trotsky organized a well-disciplined ________________________

Red Army

Secret police began a _______________ aimed at crushing dissent

Red Terror

____________________ among the nations that succeeded Austria-Hungary would weaken eastern Europe for the next 80 years.

Rivalries

Both the German and Russian empires lost considerable __________________ and the Austro-Hungarian Empire ________________ altogether

Territory, Disappeared

The German advance was halted at ______________________________

The First Battle of Marne

Name the two loose alliances of Europe's great powers.

The Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, Britain, and Russia)

What assassination instigated war between Serbia and Austria-Hungary?

The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophia

How did Socialist labor movements affect strife at the start of the twentieth century?

They were increasingly inclined to use violent strikes to achieve their goals, which led to rebellion and revolution.

By what route did Germany invade France?

Through Belgium

In the ________________________ , Germany was ordered to pay reparations for all the damage to which the Allied nations had been subjected.

Treaty of Versailles

The unexpected development of ____________________ on the Western Front baffled military leaders. In 10 months at ____________________

Trench Warfare, Verdun

Lenin and the Communists _______________ in the Civil War.

Triumphed

Russia was _________________ for the total war of World War I.

Unprepared

They became a party dedicated to ______________ revolution

Violent

In some countries, the role played by women in wartime economies had a __________________ impact on the women's movement for social and political

positive, emancipation