world history: module 1
What is the Justinian Code? (1.6)
A collection of revised and organized laws
(1.3) If you traveled to the Spanish city of Córdoba in the 10th century, which of the following would you not find?
A government free from Islamic influence
A person who takes a thing belonging to another by force is liable to an action of theft, for who can be said to take the property of another more against his will than he who takes it by force?"—Justinian Code, Institutes, Book IV, Chapter 2 According to the law above, which of the following is a thief? (1.6)
A person who takes another person's wallet by force
How did John of Damascus defend the use of icons during the Iconoclast Controversy? (1.5)
He argued that icons were a tool to teach biblical lessons, and that the faithful knew how to use them appropriately.
What role did the Muslim leader Saladin play in the Crusades? (1.3)
He recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about Justinian I? (1.6)
He supported the building of the Hagia Sophia.
Who was John of Damascus? (1.5)
He was a writer who strongly defended the use of icons.
Which statement best describes what happened when Constantine tried to establish "New Rome"? (1.5)
He was successful in building a new political center in the East, unified by the Christian religion.
What was Ibn Rushd's contribution to the Islamic Golden Age? (1.4)
He worked to translate and preserve the works of Aristotle into Arabic.
Why was Süleyman known as "the lawgiver"? (1.7)
He wrote laws that treated subjects of different faiths equally.
Yahweh (1.2)
Hebrew name for God
How did the Islamic Empire impact the areas it ruled? (1.3)
Many people in lands subject to Muslim rule adopted Islam.
Which of the following routes involves trade outside of the Byzantine Empire? (1,0)
Massilia to Carthage
What happened to the lands of the Western Roman Empire after it collapsed? (1.5)
Germanic kingdoms took over.
If a time traveler visited the Byzantine Empire in the late 11th century, what sign of decline would he or she see? (1.7)
Loss of the Balkan provinces to the Slavs
Iconoclasm Controversy
debate in the seventh to ninth centuries of the Byzantine Empire over the Church's creation and use of icons
Intellectual things in the golden age of islam (1.4)
geometrical shapes, cool styles and shapes in building
what are the religious books for islam, christainity and judaism? (1.2)
islam: qur'an christ: bible judaism: torah
Ten Commandments: (1.2)
jewish and chirstain tradition ten laws revealed by god
Economical Things in the golden age of islam (1.4)
paper was used more often
Social/ Literature things in the golden age of islam (1,4)
poems about god and love. This helped connect people and expand the religion islam.
According to the fourth pillar of Islam, during the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims must (1.2)
refrain from eating, or fast
christainity; symbols and places (1,2)
roman cross, church of holy sepulchre, and church of nativity
islam; symbols and places (1,2)
star and crescent, kaaba, the green dome in medina
Judaism: symbols and symbols (1,2)
star of david, temple mount, and the cave of patriarchs
The Abbasid Caliphate (750 CE to 1258 CE)
succeeded the Umayyad Caliphate. It became the second major Islamic dynasty. After overthrowing the Umayyads, the Abbasids relocated the capital to Baghdad. The Abbasid Caliphate was greatly influenced by non-Arab Muslims such as the Persians. The Abbasids incorporated the knowledge and technology of many different cultures. The Golden Age of Islam is considered to have begun under the Abbasid Caliphate.
The map shows all of the following except (1.3)
the areas in which the Muslim faith spread first
shia
the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad
Great Schism
the official split between the Roman Catholic and Byzantine churches that occurred in 1054
The Macedoniain empire had a big impact on the Byzantine empire because... (1.7)
they strengthened the navy and armies, they improved the economy, helped conquer former byzantine territory, they supported literature and art, weakened the control of the powerful, and sent missionaries the slaves and serbs.
Cyril and Methodius were missionaries to the Slavs who (1.5)
translated the Bible into the new alphabet written for the Slavic language
Constantine I
-Founded the Eastern Roman empire. -established "new rome" -converted to christainity -issued the edict of milan -byzantine emperor who reigned for nearly 40 years
How did Justinian I contribute to the decline of the Byzantine Empire? (1.7)
-His constant wars and the rebuilding of Constantinople after the Nika Riot caused serious financial problems for the empire. - Justinian left the Byzantine army scattered across the empire,This situation was not uncommon. Thin lines of defense in other areas left the empire open to attack. - The empire suffered from several attacks ofbubonic plague. Called Justinian's Plague by modern historians, the illness killed millions of people.
Which of the following was located in the Eastern Roman Empire? (1.0)
Anatolia
Two causes of the decline of the Byzantine Empire are Justinian's plague and Islamic invasion, what is the last one? (1.7)
Attacks by Christian Crusaders from Europe
The Mughal Empire was established by (1.3)
Babur
Which body of water remained part of the Byzantine Empire in 1360 CE? (1.6)
Bosporus Strait
Which of the following regions did not become part of the Byzantine Empire? (1.0)
Britain
Which explains one way that the Byzantine Empire continued the cultural traditions of the Romans? (1.5)
By adapting some ancient Greek ideas
Justinian I
Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565; he reunited the parts of the Roman empire, simplified Roman laws with Justinian's Code, and ordered Hagia Sophia built.
We shall not manifest our religion publicly nor convert anyone to it. We shall not prevent any of our kin from entering Islam if they wish it. We shall show respect toward the Muslims, and we shall rise from our seats when they wish to sit. We shall not seek to resemble the Muslims by imitating any of their garments, the qalansuwa, the turban, footwear, or the parting of the hair. We shall not speak as they do, nor shall we adopt their kunyas.—excerpt from Pact of Amur (7th century CE ) Which group is speaking in the first person in the excerpt? (1.4)
Christians living in Muslim lands
Which of the following best describes a long-term effect of the recognition of Christianity in Constantinople? (1.5)
Christians were no longer persecuted for their beliefs in the region.
From what city did Belisarius and his army originally set sail to make their attack on the Vandal Kingdom? (1.6)
Constantinople
Which of the following cities was known as the Byzantine Empire's economic and religious center? (1.0)
Constantinople
what over took constantinople in 1453 CE
Constantinople was located between the Black sea and the Mediterranean sea, this was useful to the people for trading from others around the area such as the middle east and western europe. Constantinople was known for the religious economic power, so when the Ottomans attacked they knew they'd have a big influence and make it a muslim empire. The Byzantines knew the attack was coming so asked for help, but they were outnumbered by the attackers (Turks). Even though the troops were small Constantinople was difficult to take, they fought for a month, they tried climbing the wall but were always turned down. The Byzantines kept the ships out but then Mehemet got past the byzantines traps and had the ships dragged across the land onto the harbor. And on May 29th, the Ottomans charged the city's walls and got ladders to climb the walls with (shown in the painting) In the end enough soldiers got over the wall and they battled. Constantinople then fell.
In 726 CE, Emperor Leo carried out an important act, which completes the timeline above. What symbolic act did he carry out? (1.5)
Emperor Leo III announces he is against icons.
Which of the following best describes how European powers responded to Islamic expansion? (1.3)
Europeans viewed the spread of Islam as a threat, and actively worked to stop it.
Which of the following about the expansion of Islam is not true? (1.3)
Expansion was a slow process because it was met with strong opposition from the Islamic world.
Which of the following did not contribute to the rise of the Ottoman Empire? (1.7)
Extravagant spending
Which statement describes an impact of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire on Europe? (1.5)
Former Roman lands were split up and claimed by Germanic kingdoms.
What were the major accomplishments of Basil I and other leaders in the Macedonian Dynasty? (1.7)
Improved Byzantine economy Strengthened the army and navy Reconquered former Byzantine territory, including parts of Italy, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, and the Balkans Supported arts and literature Weakened the control of the Powerful Sent missionaries to the Slavs and Serbs
In what way was the Byzantine Empire a departure from the Roman Empire? (1.5)
In the Byzantine Empire, the old Roman gods lost their importance.
What question does the map answer? (1.3)
In which regions of the world is Islam the dominant religion?
The star and crescent image is a symbol of (1.2)
Islam
Which of the following represents a major difference between the belief systems of Judaism and Islam? (1.2)
Islam considers Muhammad a prophet, but Judaism considers Muhammad a false prophet.
What does Muhammad's view of the Christian figure Jesus suggest about the Islamic faith? (1.2)
Islam is tolerant of people with other religious beliefs.
In what way was the Islamic expansion into India similar to the way Islam expanded in other areas? (1.3)
Islamic expansion into India was facilitated by both Islamic merchants and conquerors.
How did increased trade influence the Golden Age of Islam? (1.4)
It brought the discovery of the Chinese paper making process.
why did Muslim al-Andalus fall? (1.3)
It fell because the divisions within the empire made it vulnerable to attack.
How does this image illustrate a contribution of the Byzantine Empire? (1.5)
It is an example of sophisticated mosaic art commonly found in Byzantine structures.
The historian Procopius attributes this speech to Theodora. She supposedly said it to Justinian when he wanted to flee from the Nika Riots. "Now if you wish to save yourself, O Emperor, this is not hard. For we have much money; there is the sea, here are the boats. But think whether after you have been saved you may not come to feel that you would have preferred to die. As for me, I like a certain old proverb that says: royalty is a good shroud (burial garment)."—History of the Wars, Procopius Which of the following reflects Theodora's attitude about dealing with the Nika Riots? (1.6)
It is shameful for an emperor to flee the rioters.
What was the significance of the battle at Poitiers in France in 732 CE? (1.3)
It showed that Europeans were unwilling to allow further Islamic expansion into Europe.
What does this image demonstrate about the policies of Islamic rule in Spain? (1.3)
Jews were allowed to practice their religion in Islamic Spain.
Who is known for expanding the Byzantine Empire and reconquering lands that were lost after the fall of Rome? (1.5)
Justinian I
what led justinian to help byzantine fall? (1.7)
Justinian actions caused the Byzatine to fall, reasons being: he kept fighting people and rebuilding Constantinople and this caused financial problems, he then left the army scattered places- leaving them for lack of a better word dead. And finally the bubonic plague left Justinian with thousands of people dead and it weakened the forces.
"Slaves are in the power of masters, a power derived from the law of nations: for among all nations it may be remarked that masters have the power of life and death over their slaves, and that everything acquired by the slave is acquired for the master.2. But at the present day none of our subjects may use unrestrained violence towards their slaves, except for a reason recognized by law. For, by a constitution of the Emperor Antoninus Pius, he who without any reason kills his own slave is to be punished equally with one who has killed the slave of another." —The Institutes, Book I, Chapter VIII According to the above law, which of the following statements is true? (1.6)
Masters were allowed to kill their own slaves, if they had a reason for doing so.
How was Islam spread to India? (1.3)
Merchants and conquerors
Which of the following statements best describes Islam's spread from the 7th century through the 17th century? (1.3)
Military conquests by the Arab Empire and traders of Islamic faith were the primary means for spreading Islam to Africa, Europe, and Asia.
For Muslims, Jerusalem is also honored as the "land of many prophets" and is recognized as the site of a miraculous journey by.... (1.2)
Muhammad
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the lower class in Byzantine society? (1.5)
People often lived in cramped, wooden buildings.
Which of the following did Justinian I reconquer? (1.0)
Prefecture of Africa
Which of the following correctly describes Prince Odoacer's role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire? (1.5)
Prince Odoacer forced Augustulus to hand over his crown, and Germanic kingdoms claimed the land.
Which historic city did the Byzantine Empire lose between 565 CE and 1360 CE? (1.6)
Rome
This mosaic shows a Byzantine emperor and his attendants. Which of the following types of attendants are represented in this mosaic? (1.6)
Soldiers
What were the two opposing opinions during the Iconoclastic Controversy? (1.5)
Some believed the use of icons and their veneration was fine, and others felt that icons should not exist because it could lead to idolatry.
The map shows the global reach of religion today, but each of these religions had to begin somewhere. That point of origin is known as a cultural hearth. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share one hearth.... (1.2)
Southwest Asia
Which of the following would be the longest distance to travel by sea? (1.0)
Spain to Palestine
Justinian's law code was written mostly in Latin. What does this show about the link between the Byzantine Empire and the wider Roman world? (1.4)
The Byzantine Empire under Justinian wanted to promote continuity with the Western Roman Empire.
How did the political and religious ideas of the Byzantine Empire compare with the Western Empire? (1.5)
The Byzantine emperor was considered to be the highest political and religious figure. In the Western Empire, the highest political and religious figures were two different people.
The Invading forces contributed to the fall of Constantinople? (1.7)
The Invading forces contributed to the fall of Constantinople because of the barbarian groups the people fought with. They weakened the empire and the empire's structure because of the fighting.
What event initiated Islam's rise to power in India? (1.3)
The Mamluk invasion
Why might the action of the Seljuks in conquering Southwest Asia have ignited the Christian Crusades? (1.3)
The Seljuks conquests had cut off Europe from access to Jerusalem.
How did Constantinople's Church of Hagia Sophia demonstrate how the Byzantine Empire blended with the old Roman Empire? (1.5)
The church combined both Greek and Roman architecture, and became a melting pot where Eastern and Western cultures came together
Which of the following explains how the location of Constantinople contributed to the city's success as the new capital? (1.5)
The city's location allowed the emperor to control both land and sea trade routes between Europe and Asia.
Why did Justinian I want to reform the law of the Byzantine Empire? (1.6)
The code needed to be collected and reorganized.
Which of the following does not describe Europe after that fall of the Western Roman Empire? (1.5)
The culture of the Byzantine Empire became less diverse.
What was an effect of the Iconoclastic Controversy? (1.5)
The revolts against Byzantine rulers began, illustrating a severe break in relations between East and West.
What individual right did the Justinian code protect for women? (1.6)
The right to inherit property
Why are arabesques and geometric patterns prevalent in Islamic art and architecture? (1.4)
The use of figures in religious Islamic art is restricted.
Which was a major cause of the 11th-century schism between the Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church? (1.5)
They disagreed about how much religious power the state should have.
How did the Crusades contribute to the fall of the Byzantine empire? (1.7)
They made a deal together so when the emperor of Constantinople fled that made Alexius emperor. The byzantines found out about the deal and killed him. This ended up in a battle with the crusaders and the crusaders established a latin empire which controlled only constantinople.
How did trade with the Venetians contribute to the fall of the Byzantine empire? (1.7)
They made an alliance with Venice because they helped byzantines repel a series of attacks, they granted them trade in much of the empire, later on becoming something bad.
What was the main purpose of the House of Wisdom? (1.4)
To translate literature into Arabic
monotheistic religion (1.2)
a religion with one god
Five Pillars of Islam (1.2):
basic acts in islam foundation of muslim life
When Constantine rebuilt Byzantium, it was called "New Rome" because Constantine... (1.5)
built it to resemble "Old Rome"
Political things in the golden age of islam (1.4)
two rivers that pass through and were near to big countries for supplies. This helped all of the people get the supplies they needed and also grew relationships with the suppliers and exchangers.
The House of Wisdom
was a school and library founded by Caliph Al-Ma'mun in Baghdad, which attracted scholars from surrounding continents. Scholars translated and preserved literature and works of history by Aristotle, Euclid, and other important thinkers of ancient Persia, Greece, and Rome. The House of Wisdom was regarded as the foremost center of learning in its time, and it gave Baghdad a reputation for being the intellectual capital of the world.
The Umayyad Caliphate (661 CE to 750 CE
was the second Islamic caliphate after Muhammad's death. It was also the first Islamic empire. Its capital was Damascus, in modern-day Syria. It extended from modern-day Portugal and Spain in the west to modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east. As the Umayyad Caliphate broadened, it converted many people to Islam. This greatly expanded Islam's influence in these regions.
The Seljuk Turks
were a group of Central Asians who built and ruled an expansive empire between the 11th and 14th centuries. The Seljuks converted to Islam, conquered Persia, and then went on to conquer Southwest Asia, Byzantine Anatolia, and Fatimid North Africa. It was the advancement of the Seljuk Turks into Palestine that inspired the First Crusade.