World History UNIT 11: COMMUNISM AND THE COLD WAR

During which era did détente mainly occur? A.1960s B.1970s C.1980s D.1990s

1970s

In the era immediately following the coup that overthrew Jacobo Árbenz in 1954, how did the United States maintain its influence in Guatemala? A.The American government annexed Guatemala. B.The United States reclaimed all land confiscated in reforms. C.American operatives infiltrated and dissolved communist groups. D.A CIA appointee headed the new dictatorship.

A CIA appointee headed the new dictatorship.

During World War II, what happened between the Communists and Nationalists in China? A.They continued their civil war but also fought together in World War II. B.Their civil war raged while they avoided involvement in World War II. C.Both sides reached a permanent truce and fought together in World War II. D.Both sides agreed to stop fighting each other until World War II ended.

Both sides agreed to stop fighting each other until World War II ended.

What is the most likely reason Chiang Kai-shek was able to rule as a dictator? A.Chinese warlords' strong rule demonstrated that democracy was ineffective. B.The Nationalist Party had violently rejected republican rule under Sun Yat-sen. C.The Communist Party supported Chiang Kai-shek and totalitarian government. D.China was ready for a powerful leader after chaos at the end of the republic.

China was ready for a powerful leader after chaos at the end of the republic.

What contributed to the downfall of China's republic? A.Chiang Kai-shek seized power as a dictator. B.Warlords overthrew president Sun Yat-sen. C.China's presidents did not have enough power. D.Nationalists attacked the republican government.

China's presidents did not have enough power.

If the imperial dynasty had continued to rule China, it is most likely that.... A.the economy would have improved rather than weakened. B.European nations would have gotten more of a foothold in China. C.revolutionary groups would not have gained any power in the country. D.Communism would not have received support among the poor.

European nations would have gotten more of a foothold in China.

As Chinese leader, what did Mao Zedong accomplish? A.He systematically dismantled the Nationalist Party. B.He seized control of Taiwan from Chiang Kai-shek. C.He redistributed land in the countryside to farmers. D.He helped owners regain control of their businesses.

He redistributed land in the countryside to farmers.

Which of these statements accurately describes Joseph Stalin? Choose two answers. A.He was less brutal than previous Russian leaders. B.He overthrew Lenin to become leader of the USSR. C.He cut steel production to improve the economy. D.He restricted citizens' personal rights and freedoms. E.He held absolute power as a totalitarian dictator.

He restricted citizens' personal rights and freedoms. He held absolute power as a totalitarian dictator.

When the western allies created West Germany as a nation in 1948, how did the Soviet Union respond? A.It established a blockade of West Berlin. B.It recognized West Germany as a nation. C.It agreed that East and West Germany should unite. D.It withdrew its troops from East Germany.

It established a blockade of West Berlin.

What was the effect on China of the Boxer Rebellion? A.It led China to the verge of collapse. B.It made China a Communist country. C.It gave Europe a bigger role in China. D.It made China a major world power.

It led China to the verge of collapse.

Which best describes why Egypt's purchase of weapons from the Soviet Union was significant? A.It showed that Egypt had no interest in U.S. support. B.It reflected Egypt's willingness to work with the Soviet Union. C.It indicated that Egypt sought to join the Warsaw Pact. D.It reflected Egypt's move toward communism.

It reflected Egypt's willingness to work with the Soviet Union.

In addition to factory work, many women in the USSR were employed... A.as government officials. B.in finance and management. C.in healthcare and education. D.as secret police and interrogators.

in healthcare and education.

_____ means brought charges against someone for a crime

indicted

Which type of policies made U.S. leaders believe that Jacobo Árbenz, the democratically elected president of Guatemala, was a communist sympathizer? A.Árbenz's anti-Catholic policies B.Árbenz's pro-union policies C.Árbenz's land reform policies D.Árbenz's nationalization policies

land reform policies

The Berlin Wall became a symbol of the Cold War because it... A.was painted in somber colors. B.literally divided the East and the West. C.was made of inexpensive building materials. D.failed to stop the flow of defectors.

literally divided the East and the West.

_____ is the most important and largest part of a territory, generally located on a major landmass

mainland

The United Nations was created in 1945 with the purpose of... A.creating a world government. B.ending World War II. C.maintaining world peace. D.stopping the spread of communism.

maintaining world peace.

_____ is are Muslim guerilla warriors

mujahideen

_____ means shared in common

mutual

_____ is to bring an economic industry or sector under the control of a national government

nationalize

_____ is having the mistaken belief that others are against you, or out to get you

paranoid

People who lived in eastern bloc countries after World War II could not... A.hold jobs. B.participate in government. C.travel on street cars. D.send children to school.

participate in government.

_____ is average amount of annual income earned per person in a given country in one year

per capita income

_____ is a 1980s reform policy of "restructuring"

perestroika

_____ is a change from public or government ownership to private or individual ownership

privatization

_____ is to announce or declare publically, in writing or speech

proclaim

Under Joseph Stalin, the main purpose of Soviet education was to... A.produce loyal citizens who contributed to the economy. B.enable the USSR to surpass other countries intellectually. C.develop future government leaders to extend Stalin's legacy. D.help individuals better themselves and enrich their lives.

produce loyal citizens who contributed to the economy.

The mujahideen were fighters in Afghanistan who... A.rebelled against the communists. B.marginalized the Muslim population. C.closed all of the mosques in the nation. D.requested support from the Soviet Union.

rebelled against the communists.

Which organization was created in the 1940s to help nations resist communist influence? A.the United Nations B.the Warsaw Pact C.the European Union D.the Organization of American States

the Organization of American States

Which country launched the first satellite into outer space? A.the Soviet Union B.Great Britain C.Germany D.the United States

the Soviet Union

The arms race meant that once the United States built hydrogen bombs... A.the Soviet Union built them too. B.world peace had been assured. C.no other country wanted to build them. D.a new world war was about to start.

the Soviet Union built them too.

What was Joseph Stalin's goal in creating a command economy? A.to gradually move to a market economy B.to conserve limited resources C.to shift resources toward necessities D.to outproduce capitalist nations

to outproduce capitalist nations

During the Cold War, what was the Soviet Union's main objective in engaging in proxy wars against the United States? A.to free colonial countries B.to empower developing nations C.to spread communism D.to end democracy

to spread communism

During the Cold War, what was the stated main objective of the United States in engaging in proxy wars against the Soviet Union? A.to spread democracy B.to secure oil reserves C.to empower developing nations D.to end socialism

to spread democracy

By 1935 the proportion of women workers in the USSR's workforce was ____ in every five. A.one B.two C.three D.fiver

two

The Vietcong were rebels in South Vietnam who wanted to... A.rid both North and South Vietnam of Communist influence. B.spread the Catholic religion throughout Vietnam. C.overthrow the Communists who controlled the country. D.unify the South and North under a Communist government.

unify the South and North under a Communist government.

Which of the following statements describe the Soviet Union in the years after World War II? Select all that apply. A.used a Communist economic system B.placed restrictions on personal freedoms C.had a democratic form of government D.used a capitalist economic system E.was ruled by a dictator F.valued personal freedoms G.created buffer states in eastern Europe

used a Communist economic system placed restrictions on personal freedoms was ruled by a dictator created buffer states in eastern Europe

Sun Yat-sen promoted nationalism in China because he... A.wanted China to develop better relations with other nations. B.hoped it would strengthen the country's imperial dynasty. C.hoped it would instill a Communist belief system in citizens. D.wanted the Chinese people to feel pride in their country.

wanted the Chinese people to feel pride in their country.

_____ is a military commander who uses force to govern a small territory

warlord

If the USSR's economy had remained agriculture-based rather than industrialized, then... A.the unemployment rate among men would have been much lower. B.women would have been much less in demand in the workforce. C.crop productivity would have led to larger, better nourished populations. D.children would not have had to leave school early to work in factories.

women would have been much less in demand in the workforce.

Which actions or methods were used by the United States to engage in proxy wars? Select FOUR answers. A.Selling weapons to proxy nations B.Directly fighting the Soviet military C.Creating alliances between friendly nations D.Supporting military coups and dictatorships E.Providing economic aid F.Invading Afghanistan to fight mujahideen G.Encouraging seizure of private property

Selling weapons to proxy nations Creating alliances between friendly nations Supporting military coups and dictatorships Providing economic aid

What was the main reason Joseph Stalin created collective farms? A.Soviet farms were old-fashioned and inefficient. B.Collective farms would create many new jobs. C.Farmland could be turned into industrial land. D.Wasteful crop surpluses would be eliminated.

Soviet farms were old-fashioned and inefficient.

Under Joseph Stalin, schools were reformed primarily to emphasize... A.the pursuit of higher education. B.Soviet ideology. C.Russian history and culture. D.intellectual rigor.

Soviet ideology.

What motivated Joseph Stalin to persecute writers, scholars, and scientists? A.People in these professions made up the bulk of the Communist Party. B.Stalin was convinced one of them would try to overthrow him and seize power. C.Many were non-Russians who Stalin wanted to drive out of the country. D.Stalin feared they might spread ideas that went against the Soviet government.

Stalin feared they might spread ideas that went against the Soviet government.

Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal during the Suez Crisis. What does this mean? A.The Egyptian government took control of the canal. B.The Egyptian people took control of the canal. C.An Egyptian company took control of the canal. D.The Egyptian government sold the canal to new owners.

The Egyptian government took control of the canal.

What was most surprising about the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War? A.Chiang Kai-shek switched sides to launch an attack on the Communist Party. B.The Communist Party leaders once had declared their opposition to war. C.The Nationalist Party and the Communist Party formerly were aligned. D.The Nationalist Party had much to lose and little to gain in a civil war.

The Nationalist Party and the Communist Party formerly were aligned.

Which of the following did the Revolution of 1911 achieve in China? Check all that apply. A.The Revolution of 1911 established a republic. B.The Revolution of 1911 ended imperialist rule. C.The Revolution of 1911 prevented civil wars. D.The Revolution of 1911 ended European influence. E.The Revolution of 1911 ushered in Communism.

The Revolution of 1911 established a republic. The Revolution of 1911 ended imperialist rule.

Why did President Jimmy Carter believe that the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan posed a significant threat? A.The Soviet invasion began to destabilize the region. B.The Soviet invasion was likely to expand into neighboring countries. C.The Soviet invasion undermined the U.S.-led alliance in the region. D.The Soviet invasion was likely to bring economic ruin to the region.

The Soviet invasion was likely to expand into neighboring countries.

How did the U.S. role in the Nicaraguan civil war change in 1982? A.The U.S. government stopped official funding for the Contras. B.The U.S. government acknowledged the legitimacy of the Nicaraguan government. C.The U.S. government supported Iran's intervention to stop communist insurgents. D.The U.S. government began mass shipments of weapons to Nicaragua.

The U.S. government stopped official funding for the Contras.

How did Guatemalan policy most affect U.S. interests? A.Guatemala had a large American expatriate community. B.U.S. companies owned a large proportion of Guatemala's land. C.Guatemala had vast oil reserves desired by U.S. companies. D.The United States feared Guatemalan influence in El Salvador.

U.S. companies owned a large proportion of Guatemala's land.

If the outcome of the Civil War had been different, how would that most likely have affected China? A.Unrest might have continued in much of the country because so many people supported the Communists. B.People in urban areas would probably have been unhappy, but people in the countryside would have benefited. C.European influence in China might have begun to diminish because nationalism would have lost its hold. D.The Republic of China probably would be much smaller, and the People's Republic of China would be larger.

Unrest might have continued in much of the country because so many people supported the Communists.

_____ is the peaceful transition from communism to democracy in Czechoslovakia

Velvet Revolution

In which way did the Vietnam War and the Korean War end differently? A.The war in Korea ended with little bloodshed, in contrast with Vietnam. B.Vietnam was united, while Korea remained divided. C.Korea became Communist, while Vietnam became non-Communist. D.Vietnam remained divided, while Korea was united.

Vietnam was united, while Korea remained divided.

Why was the Nationalist Party more popular in China's cities than in the countryside? A.Wealthy people who supported the party were concentrated in cities. B.People in the countryside were less active in politics than people in the city. C.Poor city dwellers hoped the Nationalist Party would bring economic change. D.The Nationalist Party threatened to end crop trade with Western nations.

Wealthy people who supported the party were concentrated in cities.

Which description best characterized the divisions within Guatemalan society during much of the civil war? A.a struggle between corporate and public interests B.a struggle between Europeans and mestizos C.a struggle between rich and poor D.a struggle between the government and the military

a struggle between rich and poor

If Joseph Stalin had set lower production quotas for his first Five-Year Plan, he would have... A.won more public support for his command economy. B.achieved better results and conserved resources. C.achieved less impressive results, but at less cost to workers. D.met his goals, but workers would have worked longer hours.

achieved less impressive results, but at less cost to workers.

Which of these was a feature of the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States in the era leading up to détente? A.nuclear war B.direct conflict C.arms race D.cooperation

arms race

_____ is a warlike action to restrict the passage of supplies or people through a specific area

blockade

Altering photographs was part of Joseph Stalin's effort to... A.promote democracy. B.censor the Communist Party. C.persecute visual artists. D.change historical facts.

change historical facts.

_____ is a communist farm operated by a group of workers under government control

collective farm

_____ is the process of establishing group or government control over resources

collectivization

_____ is an economy managed by the government, in which industry is publicly owned

command economy

_____ is a region where goods, services, and people can be transported across borders without barriers to trade

common market

_____ is a group of people who live together and share responsibilities and resources

commune

To stop the spread of Communism after World War II, the United States established a policy known as.. A.containment B.detente C.isolationism D.security.

containment

____ is a policy to prevent the growth of a hostile power or ideology

containment

_____ means secretive, not directly recognized

covert

_____ is to leave a country or organization in order to join an enemy or the opposing side

defect

Which were included among the "Three Principles of the People"? Choose three answers. A.communism B.democracy C.socialism D.capitalism E.nationalism

democracy socialism nationalism

Which statement accurately describes China after the Civil War? A.The People's Republic of China was on the island of Taiwan. B.The island of Taiwan became known as the Republic of China. C.The Republic of China was under the rule of Mao Zedong. D.The People's Republic of China was led by Chiang Kai-shek.

The island of Taiwan became known as the Republic of China.

How did the Great Purge demonstrate Joseph Stalin's paranoia? A.The purge targeted those who might challenge Stalin's power. B.Stalin used the purge to strengthen the Communist Party. C.The purge was done in secret so the public would never know. D.Stalin's fear of religious practice largely motivated the purge.

The purge targeted those who might challenge Stalin's power.

Which of these were true of the Sandinistas? Select three options. A.They were led by Daniel Ortega. B.They created the Somoza dictatorship. C.They received aid from the USSR. D.They received aid from the U.S. E.ç

They were led by Daniel Ortega. They received aid from the USSR. They received aid from the USSR.

Why did the Kulak class, in particular, oppose collectivization? A.They opposed modernization and machines and clung to old farming methods. B.They were wealthier than other peasants and therefore had the most to lose. C.They supported workers' rights and wanted to protect individual farmers' jobs. D.They were against Joseph Stalin's Five-Year Plan and worked to undermine it.

They were wealthier than other peasants and therefore had the most to lose.

_____ is increased intensity

heightened

_____ is a political upheaval started in 1966 by Mao Zedong to return the country to radical Maoist beliefs.

Cultural Revolution

Why did support from people in the Chinese countryside help the Communists more than support from people in the cities helped the Nationalists? A.Many more people lived in the countryside, so they made the Communists the stronger side. B.People in the cities were confident that the Nationalists would win, so they remained passive. C.In the cities, people had mixed feelings about which side to support, so they did not present a united front. D.In the countryside, people were accustomed to nearly constant warfare and so were well prepared.

Many more people lived in the countryside, so they made the Communists the stronger side.

The ___was part of Stalin's secret police force. A.KGB B.CIA C.NKVD D.SWAT

NKVD

By engaging in proxy wars, were the United States and the Soviet Union able to avoid involving their own military forces? Why or why not? A.No, both countries deployed large parts of their military forces to fight under the flag of another country. B.Yes, the U.S. military never directly engaged in these proxy wars. C.No, both countries still fought in proxy wars but not directly against each other. D.Yes, by definition, a proxy war means that there was no direct involvement of either nation.

No, both countries still fought in proxy wars but not directly against each other.

_____ is war that starts when opposing powers use others to fight on their behalf

Proxy War

Read the passage from a speech on Vietnam given by President Nixon in 1969. "For the future of peace, precipitate withdrawal would thus be a disaster of immense magnitude. —A nation cannot remain great if it betrays its allied and lets down its friends. —Our defeat and humiliation in South Vietnam without question would promote recklessness in the councils of those great powers who have not yet abandoned their goals of world conquest. —This would spark violence wherever our commitments help maintain the peace—in the Middle East, in Berlin, eventually even in the Western Hemisphere . . . For these reasons, I rejected the recommendation that I should end the war by immediately withdrawing all of our forces." —President Richard Nixon Address to the nation Nov. 3, 1969 What foreign policy direction does the President say the United States should follow? A.The US should withdraw its military forces from Vietnam as quickly as is possible. B.The US should not withdraw from Vietnam, because that would cause problems elsewhere. C.The US should turn its attention from Vietnam to the Middle East, Berlin, and the Western Hemisphere. D.The goal of US foreign policy, if American troops leave Vietnam, should be one of world conquest. Submitted

The US should not withdraw from Vietnam, because that would cause problems elsewhere.

Given that the Soviet Union fought in Afghanistan, why was it considered a proxy war? A.The Soviet Union answered the Afghans' request for help. B.The mujahedeen fought on behalf of the United States. C.The combatants in the war represented myriad interests. D.The United States did not directly engage in battle.

The United States did not directly engage in battle.

Which Cold War event happened last? A.The Korean War ends. B.Sputnik is launched. C.The Vietnam War ends. D.The Cuban Missile Crisis takes place.

The Vietnam War ends.

Read this passage about the partition of Korea. "The partition of Korea into two zones dominates the political and economic life of the peninsular. The division of Korea at the 38th parallel has turned into a hard and fast boundary which cuts off all intercourse between the northern and southern halves of the country, except for the exchange of mail and the transfer of surplus electric power from North to South Korea." -The Situation in Korea, 1947 Report The passage says that the partition of Korea... A.divided the land but left the Korean economy running well. B.encouraged communications between the two parts of the country. C.divided the country, both in its political and economic life. D.discouraged Communism from spreading into Korea from China.

divided the country, both in its political and economic life.

_____ is the theory that if one country became communist, its neighbors would also become communist

domino theory

_____ is a relaxing of tensions and/or conflicts

détente

_____ is the elimination of a region's ethnic minority by forcible removal or murder.

ethnic cleansing

_____ is a 1980s reform policy of "openness"

glasnost

As a result of the Long March, China's Communist Party... A.grew stronger and more determined. B.chose Mao Zedong as its new leader. C.became weaker and lost the civil war. D.decided to retreat from the Nationalists.

grew stronger and more determined.

_____ is the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a given year

gross domestic product

_____ is the use of unconventional tactics in warfare, including ambush, sabotage, and hit and run attacks

guerilla warfare

_____ is a system of Soviet labor camps

gulag

After World War II, the Soviet Union designated many of the countries of Eastern Europe as ___ states. A.democratic B.occupied C.satellite D.independent

satellite

_____ is countries that are actually controlled by another, more powerful country

satellite states

_____ is race to explore outer space

space race

Which is a common tactic used in proxy wars? A.encouraging opposing powers' citizens to emigrate B.sponsoring wars of liberation and revolutions C.controlling another country secretly D.buying weapons in preparation for domestic warfare

sponsoring wars of liberation and revolutions

The goal of the United States in drawing up the Marshall Plan was to... A.invade Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe. B.get Europeans to accept their continent's division. C.support strong dictators who would lead Europe. D.strengthen the economies of Europe.

strengthen the economies of Europe.

_____ is the highest level that can be attained

summit

_____ is a nation that is extremely powerful politically, economically, and militarily

superpower

During the 1980s, profit from the sale of weapons to Iran was used to... A.stop the communists in Costa Rica. B.start a proxy war in El Salvador. C.support the Contras in Nicaragua. D.stage a coup d'état in Guatemala.

support the Contras in Nicaragua.

_____ is a tax on goods leaving or entering a country

tariff