World War 1
War Guilt Clause
This clause of the Treaty of Versailles placed all blame for WWI with Germany and its allies. This forced Germany to pay reparations for World War I.
U-boat
German submarine - u boat is short of the German word, Unterseeboot (Under Sea Boat)
Allied Powers
This was a major alliance during World War I made up of Britain, France, Russia, and the United States. It was know n as the Triple Entente(a French word) before the war.
Western Front
in WWI, the region of northern France where the forces of the Allies and the Central Powers battled each other
Ultimatum
A demand or threat that is final
Freedom of speech, press and religion are denied
Characteristics of a totalitarian society?
Barbed wire
was laid out between the trenches to slow down advancing enemy forces
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
Total war
A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort
Stalemate
A deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other.
Trench Warfare
A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.
Central Powers
A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.
Triple Alliance
A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the years preceding World War I
Triple Entente
A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters. Resulted in entry of the US into World War I.
Fourteen Points
A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.
No Man's Land
A strip of land between the trenches of opposing armies along the Western Front during WW1
Collectivization
A system in which private farms were eliminated and the government created large-scale industrial farms known as collectives.
Armistice
A temporary peace agreement to end fighting.
Sargent York
Alvin Cullum York (December 13, 1887 - September 2, 1964), known also by his rank, Sergeant York, was one of the most decorated soldiers of the United States Army in World War I.[1] He received the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest, taking 32 machine guns, killing at least 20 German soldiers, and capturing 132 others. This action occurred during the United States-led portion of the broader Meuse-Argonne Offensive in France masterminded by French Marshal Ferdinand Foch to breach the Hindenburg line and make the opposing German forces surrender.
Neutral
America was considered "......." at the start of WWI.
Reparations
As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. Opposed by the U.S., it quickly lead to a severe depression in Germany.
Battle of Verdun
Battle lasted for 303 days and became the longest and one of the most costly battles in human history. An estimate in 2000 found a total of 714,231 casualties, 377,231 French and 337,000 German, for an average of 70,000 casualties a month; other recent estimates increase the number of casualties to 976,000, during the battle, with 1,250,000 suffered at Verdun during the war.
Lusitania
British passenger boat sunk by a German submarine that claimed 1,000 lives. One of main reasons US decided to join the war.
Allies of World War I
Composed of France, Britain, and Russia, and later Japan and Italy, the Allies fought the Central Powers in World War I. The United States joined the Allies in 1917.
German Submarine Warfare - British Influence - Sinking of the Lusitania - Russian Revolution - Zimmerman Telegram
Five reasons the U.S. decided to enter the war.
Colonies provided hundreds of thousands of troops.
How did the overseas colonies contribute to the Allied victory in World War I?
2nd Battle of Ypres
Image result for 2nd battle of ypres During World War I, the Second Battle of Ypres was fought from 22 April - 25 May 1915 for control of the strategic Flemish town of Ypres in western Belgium after the First Battle of Ypres the previous autumn. It was the first mass use by Germany of poison gas on the Western Front.
Eastern Front
In WWI, the region along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks.
The Great Purge
Josef Stalin's rein of terror on the Soviet Union, Time period when all opposition to the communist government under Stalin were sent to labor camps.
Dates of WW1
July 28, 1914 - November 11, 1918
grow food join the military become nurses (women) ration supplies
Propaganda influenced Americans to:
Rationing
Restricting the amount of food and other goods people may buy during wartime to assure adequate supplies for the military
Vladimir Lenin
Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)
Balkan Region
Slavic Region of intense nationalism and imperial domination in mountains of south/eastern Europe - spark to set off powder keg of Europe.
Jutland
The Battle of Jutland was a naval battle fought by the British Royal Navy's Grand Fleet under Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, against the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet under Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer during the First World War. Wikipedia Period: May 31, 1916 - June 1, 1916 UK vs. Germany
Battle of Somme
The Battle of the Somme, also known as the Somme Offensive, was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British and French empires against the German Empire. Wikipedia Period: July 1, 1916 - November 18, 1916
The sinking of the Lusitania The Zimmerman Telegram to Mexico from Germany.
The following led to a US declaration of war on Germany during WW1
Aragon Forest
The Meuse-Argonne Offensive, also known as the Maas-Argonne Offensive and the Battle of the Argonne Forest, was a major part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front. It was fought from September 26, 1918, until the Armistice of 11 November 1918, a total of 47 days.
Self-Determination
The right for a country to influence its own future.
Versailles Peace Treaty
The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Germany was forced to pay reparations Germany had to accept full responsibility for WWI Germany's military was reduced in size
The Treaty of Versailles results:
Gavrilo Princip
The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand
Propaganda
These are ideas or information that usually designed by a government to influence public opinion, often times to persuade a people to go to war.
M.A.N.I.A.
These are the five main causes of World War I. Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, and Assassination.
Gulags
These were forced labor camps set up by Stalin in easter Russia. Dissidents were sent to the camps, where conditions were generally brutal. Millions died.
Lusitania
This British passenger ship was sunk by German U-boats in 1915, carrying civilians and ammunition to Britain from the U.S. The event turned American opinion against Germany.
Austria-Hungary
This Central Power empire during WWI, started the war with their invasion of Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 . It was made up of Austria, Hungary and several other nations and territories. After World War I it split up into several nations.
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany
This German Emperor led the Germans during WWI. In 1918 he was forced to step down by German Generals.
The Black Hand
This Serbian rebel group tassassinated Archduke Ferdinand after several failed attempts.
Triple Entente
This alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI. IN BLUE ABOVE
Allied Powers
This alliance during WWI included the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy (switched to the Allied Powers in 1915). (The blue countries of the East and West on map above)
Triple Alliance
This alliance was made Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI. IN RED ABOVE
Militarism
This cause of World War I was a policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.
Nationalism
This cause of World War I was based on an intense pride in one's nation.
Imperialism
This cause of World War II resulted from the competition among European nations for colonies in Africa and Asia from 1880-1914. This created tension, especially between Germany and Great Britain.
Zimmerman Telegram
This intercepted note from the German foreign minister to the Mexican government offered, territories in Texas, Arizona and New Mexico for Mexico. The note also confirmed the new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany against the Allied Powers. This helped turn Americans against Germany in WWI.
League of Nations
This intergovernmental organization lasted from 1919-1946, was founded after the Paris Peace Conference. It did not work effectively to prevent WWII.
Wilson's Fourteen Points
This is the plan for post-World War I outlined by President Wilson in 1918. This plan called for self-determination (countries in Africa and Asia govern themselves), freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations.
U-boats
This new machinery used by the Germans in sea warfare, to attack British and American supply ships in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
Trench Warfare
This style of warfare was common in WWI, due to the invention of the machine gun and heavy artillery. It included digging long trenches, separated by barbed wire and a no mans land.
Gallipoli Campaign
This was a British military attack in 1915 during World War I against the Ottoman Empire at Dardanelles', to bring supplies to Russia. The mission failed with high casualties by the British as shown in movie with Mel Gibson called "Gallipoli."
Central Powers
This was a major alliance at the 'center' of Europe during World War I, made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire. It was formerly known as the Triple Alliance before the war. SHOWN ABOVE IN RED.
Causes of World War I Alliances
This was a major cause of WWI. Two major alliances formed the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria, Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, England, Russia). This alliance system made world war likely, by drawing all countries into a small war.
Western Front
This was a major front in World War I. A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. This is where most of the fighting happened in World War II.
Armistice, 1918
This was the agreement between the Allies and Central Powers that ended the fighting after WWI. It began at 11/11/1918 at 11:11 am. This marked a victory for the Allies and stated that the Central Powers lost. Germans would later look at this as "the stab in the back."
Woodrow Wilson
This was the president who was elected in 1912, and led the US into WWI. Later wrote a plan for post-WWI peace known as the Fourteen Points.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
This was the spark that started World War I. Archduke Ferdinand, the Austrian crown prince, was murdered on June 28, 1914, by a Serbian nationalist while visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia. Germany urged Austria-Hungary to fight and they went to war against Serbia; all of this due to Serbia wanting to expand
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.
1914-1918
What are the years that World War 1 occurred from?
Encourage strong nationalistic feelings, one party systems, disregard individual rights
What do fascism and communism have in common?
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
What does M.A.I.N stand for?
Glorification of the state above the individual; extreme nationalism
What does fascism stress?
Poison gas (mustard and chlorine) Tanks Machine guns Torpedoes flame throwers
What were some weapons used in World War 1?
Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria
What were the countries of The Central Powers?
Great Britain France Russia Italy U.S. Japan
What were the main countries of the Allied Powers?
1917
What year did the United States enter World War 1?
Alliance system
When countries join forces or worked together to achieve a certain goal. The reason that they have the alliances is so when they are in need, the other country or countries can help them out. A major cause of World War 1.
Armenian Genocide
When the government of the Ottoman Empire (Turks) killed 1 million Armenians in suspicion that they were working for Russia.
Woodrow Wilson
Which president helped organized the League of Nations?
The Allies
Who won WWI?
No Man's Land
is land that is unoccupied or is under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied due to fear or uncertainty. The term was originally used to define a contested territory or a dumping ground for refuse between fiefdoms