World War I and 1920's Foreign Policy Adv. US. 10

Which of the following was a great American hero during World War I?

Alvin York

League of Nations

An international organization established after World War I under the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.

Which was a main factor in the decision of the United States to enter World War 1?

Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare

American Expeditionary Force

Name of U.S. combat forces under command of John Pershing

Fourteen Points

President Wilson's program for world peace after World War 1

Reservationists

Republican senators who would support the Treaty of Versailles only if the League of Nations were amended

Select Service Act

Required men between the ages of 21 and 30 to register with local draft boards

Lusitania

a British luxury liner sunk by a German submarine in the North Atlantic on May 7, 1915: one of the events leading to U.S. entry into World War I.

Zimmerman Telegram

document that showed that Germany was trying to establish a military alliance with Mexico

How did the American Expeditionary Force give the Allies an advantages over Germany>

they provided conveys to protect Allied shipping in the Atlantic

At which stage of the fighting did the United States enter World War I?

three years into the war

What was the primary focus of United States foreign policy in the decade after World War 1?

to defend the principle of freedom of the seas

Why did the U.S. Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles following World War I?

to keep the United States free from foreign entanglements

What was the primary purpose of President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points?

to prevent international tensions from leading to war

What was the goal of the War Industries Board during World War I?

to regulate industries related to the war effort

John J. Pershing

commanded the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in Europe during World War I. Earlier he had served in the Philippines and in Mexico. After WW1, he served as chief of staff of the U.S. Army

Irreconcilables

Fourteen republican senators who opposed the League of Nations and rejected the Treaty of Versailles

Explain two historical developments in the late 1800's and 1900's that enabled the U.S. to emerge as a world power by the end of World War I.

1. During WWI, the United States mobilized a large army and navy to help the allies achieve victory 2. The United States enjoyed a period of economic prosperity following WWI and was able to exert authority as a world power

Committee on Public Information

Agency established in 1917 that waged a vigorous propaganda campaign to convince Americans to support the war effort

Treaty of Versailles

Agreement ending WW1 that provided for the establishment of the League of Nations

"The resolution now before the Senate is a declaration of war. Before taking this momentous step, and while standing on the brink of this terrible vortex, we ought to pause and calmly and judiciously consider the terrible consequences of the step we are about to take. No close student of recent history will deny that both Great Britain and Germany have, on numerous occasions since the beginning of the war, flagrantly violated in the most serious manner the rights of neutral vessels and neutral nations under existing international law, as recognized up to the beginning of this war by the civilized world. The reason given by the President in asking Congress to declare war against Germany is that the German government has declared certain war zones, within which, by the use of submarines, she sinks, without notice, American ships and destroys American lives. . . . The first war zone was declared by Great Britain. She gave us and the world notice of it on, the 4th day of November, 1914. The zone became effective Nov. 5, 1914. . . . both of these orders declaring military zones were illegal and contrary to international law. It is sufficient to say that our government has officially declared both of them to be illegal and has officially protested against both of them."- Senator George William Norris, Congressional Record, April 4, 1917 Based on this statement, why did Senator Norris oppose American involvement in World War I?

Because Great Britain and Germany had violated international law.

Espionage Act of 1917

Federal Law designed to outlaw acts of treason to silence dissenters during World War 1.

Sedition Act of 1918

Federal law enacted during World War 1 that made written criticism of the government a crime

What was the purpose of the League of Nations?

Settle disputes between nations

Schenck v. United States

Supreme Court case concerning enforcement of Espionage Act of 1917 during World War 1.

The Committee on Public Information, which produced movies that encouraged American patriotisms during World War I, such as "Under Four Flags," was agency of which institution?

The United States government

George Creel

a journalist who served as chairmen of Committee on Public Information during World War 1. He went on to hold other positions in the federal government. He was also an author. One of his books was How we Advertised America

The Washington Naval Conferences and the Kellogg-Briand Pact were attempts by the U.S. to

achieve pace and arms control in the decade after World War 1

At the beginning of World War 1, President Wilson continued the traditional foreign policy of the United States by

adopting a policy of neutrality

The United States entered World War 1 mainly because the United States

believed that its rights as a neutral nation had been violated

The War Industries Board, the War Labor Board, and the Food Administration were all created as part of the United States war effort in World War I. Their creation demonstrates that in time of war

government becomes more involved in directing the economy

"Only a tranquil Europe can be a stable Europe .... [There] must be a peace without victory .... Victory would mean peace forced upon the loser, a victor's terms imposed upon the vanquished. It would be accepted in humiliation.... and would leave a sting, a resentment, a bitter memory upon which terms of peace would rest, not permanently, but only as upon quicksand." —Woodrow Wilson, "Peace Without Victory" speech, January 22, 1917 Based on this quotation, what did Wilson want to achieve with the end of the war?

lasting peace in Europe

After World War I, the opinion of some members of Congress to the Versailles Treaty was based largely on the idea that the Treaty would

limit United States sovereignty

"We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal or alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. You will inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of war with the United States of America is certain and add the suggestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves. Please call the President's attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of our submarines now offers the prospect of compelling England in a few months to make peace. Signed, ZIMMERMANN."- The Zimmerman Note proposed

that in case of war, Mexico joins with Germany against the United States

Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully make or convey false reports or false statements with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the military or naval forces of the United States, or to promote the success of its enemies, or shall willfully make or convey false reports, or false statements, ... or advocate, teach, defend, or suggest the doing of any of the acts or things in this section enumerated and whoever shall by word or act support or favor the cause of any country with which the United States is at war or by word or act oppose the cause of the United States therein, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than 20 years, or both...." Based on the content, this quotation comes from which of the following acts?

the Espionage Act

President Wilson's Fourteen Points were based on the belief that

the principle of self-determination should be applied to people of all nations