WS 02
Miller's Magic Number suggests that our short-term memory has a capacity of using ___ items.
5-9
What are heuristics?
A mental shortcut for making decisions
At the bottom of the OpenPSYC article on forgetting and amnesia there is an optional review activity with movies clips and trailers. Watch the clip labeled "E"
Anterograde amnesia
Information is somewhere in storage but we "forget" it in the sense that we cannot recall it no matter how hard we try.
Disorganisation
Frank lives in College Park, and is at a party in DC. Which example illustrates the "cocktail party effect?"
Frank heard someone nearby say "I live in College Park" and turned his head to listen more to that conversation, as it was relevant to him.
The word "pai" in Portuguese means "father" in English. "Pai" sounds like "pie" so it helps me to remember the definition by thinking about the fact that my father loves eating pie.
Keyword method
Amilio is fluent in several languages.
Linguistic
When our mind is occupied with effortful tasks we are under cognitive ___.
Load
I can remember all of the items on my list of groceries if I imagine each one hidden somewhere in my house (e.g., there is bread in my sock drawer and my bathtub is full of milk.)
Loci-method
Mark is great at brain teasers and Sudoku puzzles.
Logical-mathematical
Which of the following would be an example of metacognition?
Making judgments about people based on subconscious stereotypes
The ability to pass up short-term pleasure for rewards in the long-term.
Motivation
Which of the following is false about the experiment by Schneider and Shiffrin (1977)? Check ALL that apply:
They gave participants false feedback about verbal abilities The target letters always changed after every 100 trials for all participants
The demonstration of the representativeness heuristic concerned your judgments about
Truckers and professors
Gardner's theorizing on multiple intelligence leads him to argue that there is not conclusive evidence that different people have different learning styles (not just preference, but that people actually learn in different ways).
True
We need our motivation to determine allocation because
We have limited cognitive resources so we need to use them on what is most important to us at the time
The cocktail party effect demonstrates motivation determining allocation because
We subconsciously detect things that we think might be important to pay conscious attention to
What is g?
Your overall intellectual ability
Our tendency to notice and remember information that is consistent with our existing beliefs is called the _____ bias.
confirmation
Fill in the blanks with the three processes of long-term memory: In order for memory to help us it needs to * information into long-term memory, * it for later use, and * it when we need it later.
encode, store, retrieve
I learned to recall ROYGBIV to help me remember the order of colors in a rainbow.
Acronym
I learned to say "Please excuse my dear Aunt Sally" to help me remember whether, in a mathematical formula, what order to do things (e.g., anything in parentheses should be done before exponents or multiplications).
Acrostic
The demonstration of the availability heuristic concerned your judgments about
Attacks and money
Being more afraid of Ebola than heart disease, due a few very famous cases of Ebola related deaths.
Availability
The American public was concerned about a large increase in plane crash incidents. In reality, the perceived increase was caused only by more frequent media coverage of the incidents.
Availability
Rachel has experience as a ballerina and gymnast and has very precise control over her movements.
Bodily Kinethetic
To remember my ATM pin number (7124) I remember that "The seven dwarfs met one princess to take her our for dinner."
Chaining
How can you increase the total amount of elements that your short-term memory can hold?
Chunk
After completing the Stroop Task the response screen explains that most people respond faster and more accurately to the ___ trials
Congruent (e.g., the word "RED" is written in red ink)
Elaborative rehearsal is a process that attempts to:
Connect information from one schema with information in another schema
Tulving's Encoding Specificity Hypothesis provides an explanation for the state-dependent memory effects that researchers have observed. The concept relates well to what you have already learned about the three processes of memory and its organization. If you are trying to remember a fact that you have learned, which of the following statements accurately describes what is happening in your memory?
Contextual information (where you are, how you feel) becomes encoded as part of the schema you have about the fact. During recall, that context can acts as a prime and increase the accessibility of the schema, making it easier to recall.
When we truly forget something in the sense that it was once encoded but no longer exists in storage.
Decay
The ability to read and understand other people's thoughts and emotions.
Empathy
A reason that we might "forget" something that is conceptually related to the accessibility of that information.
Insufficient Priming
A reason that we might "forget" something that, in reality, was never adequately encoded into memory due to cognitive load.
Interference
Mikey is very stable, collected person who analyzes his feelings rather than just reacting to them
Intrapersonal
Which of the following is true about the Kruglanski et al. (2002) studies? Select ALL that apply
Participants rated the quality of fabric samples Participants were influenced by recent events pertaining to their social group
Which of the following is true about the Clever Hans phenomenon? Select ALL that apply:
Pfungst offered evidence that Hans's responses were based on the behaviors/expressions of people around him Clever Hans communicated by stomping
Thinking about autumn and stadiums and steel from Pittsburgh makes me think about football. This is an example of:
Priming
The explanation on the results screen of the Stroop task explained that for many of us, the act of ___ has become an automatic process that is hard to suppress.
Reading the word
Imagine yourself taking your first PSYC 100 exam in our classroom. Based on what you have learned about state-dependent memory, which of the following might help you earn the "A" you are aiming for?
Regularly practice answering the learning objective questions in the classroom where you will take the exam.
Maintenance rehearsal is
Repeating things over and over
Assuming someone is rich based on how they dress.
Representativeness
If trying to choose a brand of soda from the brands you've never heard of, and you're in a hurry, you might be more likely to buy the one called Buzz Cola (which sounds like the name of some familiar soda) instead of Mola or Tantrum.
Representativeness
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: The article on state-dependent memory discusses specific research findings. Based on that specific article, select all of the true statements:
Researchers used music to make people happy or sad and found that recall was higher when tested in the same mood as the information was learned. The effect was also successfully demonstrated by having people learn and recall information either on land or under water.
At the bottom of the OpenPSYC article on forgetting and amnesia there is an optional review activity with movies clips and trailers. Watch the clip labeled "D"
Retrograde amnesia
Stereotypes are an example of
Schemas
The ability to keep calm when in a emotional discussion.
Self-regulation
A psychologist wants to explain why the confirmation bias might exist. The psychologist says that we may be rejected by others if we reject information generally believed to be true. This psychologist is most likely drawing on what theoretical perspective?
Sociocultural psychology
Based on what you have learned about state-dependent memory, which of the following might you do when you study for the next exam?
Study in the classroom that you will take the exam in.
IQ tests are attempts to measure
g
Another term for thinking about thinking is _____. (enter only one word)
metacognition